Mahachula Academic Journal

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2024-04-25T09:11:52+07:00

End-Appendix

ส่วนหน้า

2024-04-24T11:23:28+07:00

Mechanisms for the development and construction of networks for education management the buddhist oriented school of mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya university

2023-03-23T15:38:24+07:00

Academic article on mechanisms for developing and building networks to enhance Buddhist education management with a purpose to study the mechanism for enhancing the management of Buddhist education. Building a network to raise the level of education management Buddhist way of life and present mechanisms for developing and building a network to upgrade Buddhist education management that is learning new way of life by using the method of reviewing documents and analyzing the performance of the Moral Teaching Monks Project in Schools. Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University The results of the analytical study found that what was gained from the new body of knowledge in the management of Buddhist educational institutes that had applied the threefold principle. to integrate with education management through daily practice from eating, living, watching, listening to be administrators, teachers, students and networks. Under supervision and support by Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University produces good results for the entire educational system which is an important force in the development of morals, ethics, virtues of the people in the nation covering study area This is in line with the current situation in which the government sector aims to develop human resources to be "good, talented, quality" people who realize multiple intelligences. Be transformed in the 21st century adjust values and culture Qualitative human potential development to enhance Thai people's well-being covering both physical, mental, intellectual and social environments, creating social values and developing the country by focusing on the achievement of education at the level of education in the Buddhist way of life, the new way of life according to the threefold principle: eating, living, looking, listening, being happiness to be aware of changes in society according to the new normal era

Monks and the Use of the Thai Language for Propagation in the 21st Century

2024-04-09T12:14:38+07:00

During the Buddha's time, the Buddha sent his disciples to propagate Buddhism for the first time. The Buddha said ‘Monks Go on a pilgrimage for the benefit of many people Preach the Dharma, beautiful in the beginning, beautiful in the middle and beautiful in the end, proclaim the chastity together with the meaning and consonants, completely pure. At present, there is a change in Thai culture and the language used in words that need to find meaning to get to the original idea. If it is a Pali word, one must look at the Tripitaka. Distortion caused by lack of education causing the words that entered Thai society to change their meaning from the original in the Pali language or in the Tripitaka. In this regard, if there is no clarity or correction, the language will continue to be misused. Up to the present day, Facebook is the most popular medium in daily life. As a result, more and more monks come to use Facebook. The behavior and characteristics of using Facebook of monks can be divided into 4 types:- (1) for information and communication technology, (2) to propagation the dharma, (3) for academic work and (4) for entertainment

Occupation seminar with the villagers, a group of woven fabric samples "Phan Maha pattern"

2024-04-20T15:58:59+07:00

This article aims to bring the knowledge that has been passed on from the previous generation to the new generation. By bringing traditions, culture or even combining Buddhist principles. which has been applied to suit people in accordance with the times in the form of occupations that occur in daily life such as the Phan Maha pattern that were made to be made into products and used to wear clothes This Pan Maha pattern cloth is considered a basic art that reflects the image, pattern, and culture of the local area that has existed since ancient times. It has also been given as the official cloth of Chaiwan District. which is a pattern that was created from Reverend Father Phrakru Mahawapi Khanarak Invented, he also inserted the principles of Buddhism into it. It can be considered that this folk fabric has roots that come from religious principles, culture, and has a unique local identity. and in the daily life of people in the a

An Analysis of Life Quality Development Based on Kamabhogisukha

2023-05-11T12:46:54+07:00

This research consisted of the following objectives: 1) to investigate Kāmabhogīsukha in the Buddhist texts; 2) to explore life quality development in the Buddhist texts; and 3) to analyze life quality development based on Kāmabhogīsukha. The study employed a qualitative research method by way of studying documents, academic texts, and related research works.

From the study, the findings found that Kāmabhogīsukha (house-life happiness) can be divided into the following kinds: Atthi sukha or the happiness of possessing wealth and property; Bhogī sukha or the happiness of using or enjoying that wealth and property; Ānaṇya sukha or the happiness of being free from debt; and lastly, Anavajja sukha or happiness that gains through living a life of blameless. Without committing unwholesome actions through modes of speech, actions and thoughts leads to such joy. The development of life quality in the Buddhist texts refers to the appropriate coexistence of individuals with others in the society, without becoming a burden or causing problems to society. Three Buddhist principles are relevant to the development of life quality are as follows: Bhāvanā (four kinds of development); Puññakiriyā-vatthu (three bases of meritorious actions); and Tisikkhā (the threefold training). An analysis of life quality development based on Kāmabhogīsukha revealed that individuals would be happy after practicing Kāmabhogīsukha. An action causes happiness gained from having and using wealth. Non-action causes happiness derived by being debt-free and through living a life of wholesome work.

Establishing Awareness to Prevent the Violation of the Fifth Precepts, of the People of Pakkhlong Subdistrict, Phasi Charoen District, Bangkok

2023-05-09T20:41:35+07:00

In this thesis, there are 3 objectives: (1) To study the current state of keeping the fifth precept of the people of Pak Khlong Subdistrict, Phasi Charoen District, Bangkok (2) To study awareness to prevent violation of the fifth precept of the people of Pak Khlong Subdistrict, Phasi Charoen District, Bangkok (3) To propose guidelines for raising awareness to prevent violations of the fifth precept of the people of Pak Klong Subdistrict, Phasi Charoen District, Bangkok. This research is qualitative field research (File Research) by interviewing (Interviews). The tool used is an interview form. Key informants which total 18 monks/people in all as follows: 11 local people, 4 local monks, and 3 religious monks/people. The method for analyzing the data is descriptive.

From the research study, it was found that: (1) Violation of the 5th precept in the present condition of people in the area is caused by 3 main reasons: (1) Environment, such as parents lacking awareness of being a good role model to be near or meet people who often drink alcohol, old and new faces in different people which have their own ideas don’t listen each other and they are able to buy an intoxicant easily (2) Social influence, for example, during adolescence there is a gap between families. They got closer to their friends to socialize and don't want to be insulted, including various media and advertisements that arouse curiosity wanting them to try drinking at merit-making events and festivals to create colors of life for fun (3) Personal reasons, such as helping to forget the problems that caused stress at that time and seeing it as a way of the world and can't stop their mind. (2) Prevention of violating the fifth precept arising from awareness with the following factors: (1) Thinking about the negative affecting, for example, negatively affecting both oneself and others (2) Having a good attitude, for example, making the expressions of body, speech, and mind correct without breaking morals and having consciousness (3) Having a good friend who has good intentions, who warns and who forbids and raise awareness (4) Having a good family, as detailed, the family is the first teacher, the first model of human beings since childhood resulting inevitably in an experience of awareness, and (5) Having consciousness, for example, it will be a support and keep motivating or pulling this awareness to work (3) Guidelines for raising awareness to prevent violations of the Five Precepts to cover people in the area In order to achieve concrete results, requiring raising awareness through 4 levels (1) Self-level, such as selecting to associate with people (2) Family level, such as promoting joint activities and being good examples for your children (3) Community level, such as creating mutual awareness, seeing the importance of building peace in the community, having a sense of protecting young people from bad things, keeping away from drinking, and condemning those who set bad examples, and (4) the social level, such as reestablishing social values. All religions must help each other campaigning for their followers to see the importance mentioned above.

Satipatatana: Four Foundation of Mindfulness Program in Psychotherapy for Depressed Patients in Hua Hin Hospital

2023-04-28T13:42:29+07:00

The study consisted of the following three objectives: 1) to investigate meditation practice based on the four foundations of mindfulness in Buddhist text; 2) to explore the psychotherapy approach by using Satipaṭṭhāna with depressed patients and propose a model for Hua Hin hospital; and 3) to examine the content validity index (CVI) of a psychotherapy model based on Satipaṭṭhāna with depressed patients in Hun Hin hospital. The study employed a qualitative research method by collecting data via documents and in-depth interviews. The content validity index (CVI) was assessed by seven experts and seven depressed patients.

From the study, the following results are found: The concept of Satipaṭṭhāna and meditation practice based on Satipaṭṭhāna can be found in primary texts in great detail. Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna (the Four Foundations of Mindfulness) is concerned with the cultivation of mindfulness as the main path leading meditation practice to the attainment of the path, fruition, and Nibbāna. Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna can be divided into four foundations as follows: (1) Kāyānupassanā (contemplation of the body); (2) Vedanānupassanā (contemplation of feelings); (3) Cittānupassanā (contemplation of mind); and (4) Dhammānupassanā (contemplation of mind-objects). Satipaṭṭhāna relies on the continuous co-working between mindfulness and contemplation based on ātāpī, sampajāno, satimā (ardent, fully aware and mindful). Psychotherapy based on Satipaṭṭhāna with depressed patients should follow a continual practice of mindfulness in order to be mindful of what is happening in the moment. This will increase the practitioner's mindfulness and awareness, allowing him to recognize and manage the cycle of thoughts, emotions, and feelings. The following is a psychotherapy model based on Satipaṭṭhāna that specifies 7 times, 90 minutes of continuous practice, covering all 4 bases: the scale content validity index (S-CVI) of all seven experts is between 0.86 – 1.00. The mean of the content validity index is 0.94, while the content validity index of each item (I-CVI) is 0.94 and the average of the sum proportion of all experts is 0.94. After being assessed by all seven depressed patients, the content, psychotherapy model, and its application are at 1.00, indicating a very good level. The good rating is consistent with in-depth interviews with two groups: the expert group unanimously agrees that the content is academically correct and appropriate for both therapists and practitioners, and that it can be utilized to treat or lessen depression while also benefiting depressed patients, as does the depressed patient group, which unanimously agrees that a psychotherapy model allows one to understand methods and implement them appropriately while also benefitting negative emotional management in depressed patients.

The Development of Online Training Packages on Practical Infographic Techniques to Enhance Infographic Design Ability for University Personnel

2023-04-10T12:22:12+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: (1) develop online training packages on practical infographic techniques to enhance infographic design ability for university personnel to have quality, (2) study design competence infographics on practice for university personnel, and 3) study personals’ satisfaction of university personnel towards the online training packages on practical infographic techniques to enhance infographic design ability for university personnel.

The samples were 30 personnel in Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. They were selected by using a simple random purposive method by the supervisor selecting representatives of each department. The research instruments consisted of online training package, media and content quality, assessment form, design competence assessment form, and satisfaction assessment form. The statistics used in the research were mean and standard deviation.

The results showed that (1) the online training packages had the quality of the media at a good level with the average score of 4.39, and the content quality at a good level with the average score of 4.33; (2) the university personnel had design ability at a good level; and (3) the satisfaction of university personnel towards the online training packages was at a high level with the average score of 4.43.

Research on ICT competency of school administrators under the Office of Primary Educational Service Area 1 and under the Office of Phetchaburi Primary Educational Service Area 2

2023-11-24T21:59:03+07:00

This research will return to (1) study the goals that will help us to help and manage the ICT of various organizations. Study in Phetchaburi District 2 and (2) Study from now on in ICT to come to these school groups and Phetchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1. The sample used in this research were 101 teachers from stratified random sampling. The instrument used was a 5-level estimation scale questionnaire on the competency of elementary school administrators. Under the Prachuap Khiri Khan Primary Educational Service Area Office, Region 1 and Phetchaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office, Region 2

Data analysis consists of analyzing to process data with basic statistics by finding the mean. standard deviation and checking the relationship between the studied variables determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the relationship that can be analyzed sentiment analysis has sentiment and confirmatory component analysis. by considering the statistical criteria to test the concordance of the model The results showed that

1. The results of the analysis of the overall ICT executive competencies found that the average was in the “very” level ( = 4.20) and when considering each side, it was found that the performance with the highest average was management skills. Management of school information and long-distance communication ( = 4.28). Basic ( = 4.12)

2. Results of confirmatory component analysis of basic ICT school administrators' competencies, it was found that the model consistency check index was as follows: = ๐.๐๐ , = 0.00, = 0.00, = 1.00 The consistency index was in accordance with the specified criteria, i.e. was less than 2, RMSEA, RMR, SRMR were less than .05 and GFI, AGFI were more than .95. baseline is consistent with empirical data

3. Results of confirmatory component analysis of ICT management competencies of school administrators found that the model consistency check index was obtained as follows: = 3.31 = 4, = 0.82 = 0.50 RMSEA = 0.00, RMR = 0.0075 SRMR = 0.015 GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.96 The consistency index was in accordance with the specified criteria, i.e. was less than 2, RMSEA, RMR, SRMR were less than .05 and GFI, AGFI were more than .95. ICT management competencies are consistent with empirical data.

The Effects of Organizing Learning Activities Using IMPROVE Method With Think-Pair-Square Technique on Mathematical Problem Solving And Communication Abilities of Mathayomsuksa 2 Students

2024-04-09T11:12:24+07:00

The purposes of this research were; 1) to compare mathematical problem solving ability of Mathayomsuksa II students after learning with IMPROVE method with Think-Pair-Square technique activity as compare with the criterion of 70% and; 2) to compare mathematical communication ability of Mathayomsuksa II students after learning with IMPROVE method with Think-Pair-Square technique activity as compare with the criterion of 70%.The sample were 36 Mathayomsuksa II students of the second semester in academic year B.E 2565 they were selected by cluster random sampling method. The research instruments used in this research consisted of; 1) four lesson plans on surface area and volume using IMPROVE method with Think-Pair-Square technique activity, 2) Mathematical problem solving and communication abilities test, with the reliability of 0.81. The statistical for analyzing the collected data were mean, standard deviation and t-test for one sample.

The results of the study were as follows: (1) .Mathematical problem solving ability of Mathayomsuksa II students after learning with with IMPROVE method with Think-Pair-Square technique activities was higher than the set criterion of 70% at 0.05 level of statistical significance. (2) Mathematical communication ability of Mathayomsuksa II students after learning with with IMPROVE method with Think-Pair-Square technique activities was higher than the set criterion of 70% at 0.05 level of statistical significance.

Development of Online Case Study-Based Lesson for Readiness Before Learning a Concept of Problem-Solving in Computing Science for Primary 6 (Grade 6) Students

2023-05-21T18:55:18+07:00

The objectives of this research were: (1) to develop an online case study-based lesson for readiness before learning a concept of problem-solving in computing science , (2) to compare learning achievements before and after using the online case study-based lesson , and (3) to investigate the learning effectiveness index of the online case study-based lesson.The sample group used in this research was 30 primary 6 (Prathom Suksa 6/2) students of Duangkamon School. A simple random sampling method was used by drawing one class out of 4 classes. The research instruments consisted of (1) an online case study-based lesson and (2) a form to measure learning achievements after using the online case study-based lesson.

The results of the study revealed that (1) the quality of the online case study-based lesson in the aspect of the media was at a very good level with an average score of 4.50 and the quality of the content was at a very good level with an average score of 4.58; (2) learning achievements before using the lesson were higher than after using it with a statistical significance at the .05 level; and (3) the learning effectiveness index showed that the students' knowledge and progress increased by 89.43%.

Adversity Quotient, Emotional Quotient, and Work Happiness

2023-04-28T13:36:33+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: (1) study the levels of adversity quotient, emotional quotient and work happiness of personnel at Kasikorn Bank; (2) compare work happiness of personnel at Kasikorn Bank by diverse personal factors ; (3) study the relationship between adversity quotient and work happiness of personnel at Kasikorn Bank; and (4) study the relationship between emotional quotient and work happiness of personnel at Kasikorn Bank. The samples were consisted of 193 personnel at Kasikorn Bank, Head Office. Data were collected by questionnaires. Data analysis used by a statistical package program. The statistical methods used by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient.

Results showed that: (1) adversity quotient of personnel at Kasikorn Bank was the medium level , emotional quotient and work happiness of personnel at Kasikorn Bank were the high level; (2) the personnel at Kasikorn Bank had difference in income and expense balance had difference work happiness with statistically significant at .05 level, and the personnel at Kasikorn Bank had difference in gender, age, status, education level, average monthly income, work experience and department had not difference work happiness; (3) adversity quotient of personnel at Kasikorn Bank was positively related to work happiness with statistically significance at .01 level; and (4) emotional quotient of personnel at Kasikorn Bank was positively related to work happiness with statistically significance at .01 level.

Using peer-to-peer learning techniques To promote participation in science experiments of Mathayomsuksa 3 students in a special classroom (Gifted): Case study.

2023-05-26T11:36:02+07:00

The purpose of this research is to help case study students participate in science experiments. using peer-to-peer learning techniques The target group for the study was students in the special classroom case study (Gifted) whose behavior lacks participation in science experiments of Mathayomsuksa 3, 2^ndsemester, academic year 2022, Benchamaralai School under the royal patronage of 1 person. The research tools consisted of (1) 6 learning management plans, (2) observational form for lack of participation in science experiments, (3) interview form for behavioral lack of participation in science experiments, and (4) behavior observation forms for students helping friends. The data were analyzed by comparing the frequency data obtained from observing student behavior before and after using the peer-to-peer learning technique. The research results are presented in the form of bar charts and essays.

The results showed that Using peer-to-peer learning techniques It can help case study students who exhibit a lack of participation in science experiments to decrease after receiving peer support.

Students’ Creative Problem Solving in Mathematics Classroom Using Lesson Study and Open Approach

2024-01-20T15:50:31+07:00

The objective of this research is to investigate the creative problem-solving abilities of students in a mathematics classroom using lesson study and open approach.The research analyzes the protocols, methods, and creative problem-solving ideas based on the framework synthezied by the researcher. The target group of this research is 21 fourth-grade students at Ban Bung Niam Bung Krai Nun Tha Hin School, Khon Kaen province, in the second semester of the 2022 academic year. The research employs a qualitative research methodology and the research tools used include (1) a lesson plan using
the open approach teaching method, consisting of 10 plans; (2) field notes; and (3) a framework for data analysis using protocol analysis and analytic description.

The research findings show that students display creative problem-solving behavior according to the problem-solving framework consisting of four steps: (1) the step of reading and understanding the problem, where students read the instructions, exchange ideas and compare methods and concepts, calculate the size of the sides, the size of the area, and use units of measurement to understand the meaning of the problem situation and find ways to solve the problem, (2) the planning step, where students understand the problem situation and try to find ways to compare, calculate the size of the sides and the area, and summarize the methods to use as a guide for problem-solving, (3) the problem-solving step, where students follow the plan and demonstrate a variety of methods to compare, such as direct comparison with cloth and indirect comparison using a table that has
the same size as the cloth and observe the size of the area of the table that exceeds the cloth and counting the number of squares to determine the size of the area. When the prepared problem-solving plan is unsuccessful, students think of new ways to solve the problem until they succeed. In this step, the researcher considers the methods and ideas that occur in every learning management plan through creative problem-solving and finds that students demonstrate a variety of problem-solving methods with 45 different methods, while in terms of flexibility, the researcher groups similar problem-solving methods into 24 ideas. In terms of originality, the original ideas are different from the other groups, with 11 ideas found. (4) The step of looking back, where students consider the logical answers to the compared area, the size of the sides, and the size of the area, including the accuracy of the calculation and the appropriate unit of measurement. This shows self-awareness. In this step, the researcher considers the ideas through creative problem-solving in terms of elegance. Students can present ideas for comparing, calculating the size of the sides and the area in detail and present ideas that are easy to understand with 39 ideas found.

Guideline on Requesting the use of Ratchaphatsadu land for Promoting Buddhism

2023-04-29T08:32:30+07:00

This research has three objectives: (1) To study the affairs of the Sangha in land utilization. (2) To study the management Ratchaphatsadu land and how to apply for use of Ratchaphatsadu land, and (3) To propose guidelines for applying for use of Ratchaphatsadu land for promoting Buddhism. It is a qualitative research. By studying documents and in-depth interviews with key informants 9 person.

From this research, it was found that Sangha affairs in land utilization are land utilization according to public utility tasks that must be considered in 3 aspects: (1) Legal compliance. (2) Land allocation, and (3) Area management. In addition, worthiness of land use must be considered based on 5 factors: (1) Opportunity and suitability according to the development potential of the temple. (2) Sangha leadership potential. (3) Construction control. (4) Responding to utilization for Sangha affairs, and (5) The response to the utilization for the community. Management of Ratchaphatsadu land and methods for requesting use of Ratchaphatsadu land for promoting Buddhism must comply with the laws and regulations set by the government according to the method of applying for the use of Ratchaphatsadu land for promoting Buddhism. There are 3 steps: (1) Submission of documents. (2) Consideration, and (3) Management after obtaining permission. The guidelines for applying for the use of Ratchaphatsadu land for promoting Buddhism consisted of 9 steps: (1) A layman or a local leader prepares documents to apply for the use of the Ratchaphatsadu land. (2) The National Buddhism Office prepares all documents and evidence to be submitted to the Treasury Department.(3) The Provincial Governor gives opinions and submits to the Treasury Department. (4) The Treasury Department. Consider and notify the results and submit relevant documents. (5) The Treasury Office in the area notifies the result of the consideration and submits relevant documents. (6) The applicant for using the Ratchaphatsadu land proceeds to sign the document or notify the discussion to review the result of consideration. (7) The Treasury Department delivers a letter of permission to use the Ratchaphatsadu land. (8) The applicant informs the Sangha to proceed according to the objectives, and (9) The Sangha used the Ratchaphatsadu land according to their objectives.

ศึกษาวิเคราะห์การสอนวิปัสสนากรรมฐาน ของพระมหาภูมิชาย อคฺคปญฺโญ

2023-04-26T10:57:12+07:00

บทคัดย่อ

การศึกษาวิจัยเรื่อง ศึกษาวิเคราะห์การสอนวิปัสสนากรรมฐานของพระมหาภูมิชาย อคฺคปญฺโ มีวัตถุประสงค์ (๑) เพื่อศึกษาการสอนวิปัสสนากรรมฐานในคัมภีร์พระพุทธศาสนาเถรวาท (๒) เพื่อศึกษาแนวการสอนวิปัสสนากรรมฐานของพระมหาภูมิชาย อคฺคปญฺโ (๓) เพื่อวิเคราะห์แนวการสอนวิปัสสนากรรมฐานของพระมหาภูมิชาย อคฺคปญฺโ ตามหลักคัมภีร์พระพุทธศาสนาเถรวาท เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ (Qualitative Research) โดยศึกษาข้อมูลจากเอกสารและสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึก (Indept-Interview) ผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญจำนวน ๑๗ รูป/คน

ผลการศึกษาพบว่า : วิปัสสนากรรมฐานตามแนวคัมภีร์พระพุทธศาสนาคือการปฏิบัติตามหลักมหาสติปัฏฐาน ๔ คือ (๑) กายานุปัสสนาสติปัฏฐาน (๒) เวทนานุปัสสนาสติปัฏฐาน (๓) จิตตานุปัสสนาสติปัฏฐาน (๔) ธัมมานุปัสสนาสติปัฏฐาน โดยกำหนดรู้วิปัสสนาภูมิ ดังนี้ ขันธ์ ๕ อายตนะ ๑๒ ธาตุ ๑๘ อินทรีย์ ๒๒ อริยสัจ ๔ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ๑๒ วิปัสสนากรรมฐานสอนตามแนวสติปัฏฐาน ๔ ของพระมหาภูมิชาย อคฺคปญฺโ ใช้เทคนิคให้ผู้ปฏิบัติมีสติอยู่กับปัจจุบันธรรม พิจารณารูป นาม กาย เวทนา จิต ธรรม จนเกิดความเบื่อหน่าย คลายกำหนัด เห็นความเกิดดับแห่งธรรมทั้งหลาย โดยความเป็นไตรลักษณ์คือ อนิจจัง ทุกขัง อนัตตา ไม่ยึดมั่นถือมั่นด้วยอุปาทาน ผลลัพธ์ที่ได้จากการสัมภาษณ์ ผู้ปฏิบัติเกิดความเปลี่ยนแปลงทางด้านร่างกาย จิตใจ จริยธรรม และ ปัญญา มีความเข้าใจในปริยัติมากขึ้น เข้าใจในตัวตนของตนเอง สามารถควบคุมอารมณ์ทั้งในส่วนอิฏฐารมณ์และอนิฏฐารมณ์เกิดขึ้นได้พบว่ามีความสุขง่าย ทุกข์ยาก มีสติตื่นรู้ มีปัญญารู้เท่าทัน ผู้ปฎิบัติกล่าวว่าสามารถนำมาประยุกต์ใช้การปฏิบัติกิจชีวิตประจำวัน และอยู่ร่วมกับสังคมโลกที่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงได้อย่างมีความสุข

คำสำคัญ: วิเคราะห์การสอน; วิปัสสนากรรมฐาน; พระมหาภูมิชาย อคฺคปญฺโ

Guidelines for The Observance on Pāṇātipāta Precept for Thai Buddhists

2023-04-26T20:15:41+07:00

In this research, three objectives were purposely made: (1) to study the precept observation on Pāṇātipāta of Thai Buddhists in Theravada Buddhism, (2) to study the criteria for judging the precept observation on Pāṇātipāta in Buddhism, and (3) to present the guidelines for the precept observance on Pāṇātipāta for Thai Buddhists. This research employed a qualitative research methodology done by studying documents and in-depth interviews of ten key informants.

The findings were shown that: Thai Buddhists place great importance on preserving animal lives where animal life redemption activities are organized with the awareness of giving life to animals resulting in self and family longevity. The precept observation on Pānātipāta as well as chanting for loving kindness were expressed to all sentient beings to reaffirm loving kindness to all beings.There are five criteria for judging the observance of the precept : (1) Pāno- living animal, (2) Pānsaññitā- knowing such living beings are alive,3) Vadhakacittam- having volition to kill, (4) Upapakkamo- an attempt to kill, (5) Tena maraṇam- beings die with such attempt. Only if a person kills with all the above five criteria, the Pānātipāta precept is broken. But if the five criteria are not completely violated, the precept is not broken but blemished. Killing animals is more or less demerit with the following three criteria: - (1) animal body size, (2) virtue, (3) attempt. Killing a large animal is a great demerit, killing a small animal is a minor demerit; Killing a virtuous person is a great demerit, killing an unrighteous person is a minor demerit. Killing that takes a lot of effort is a great demerit, killing with little effort is a lesser demerit. As far as the guidelines for the precept observation on Pānātipāta for Thai Buddhists are concerned, they personally need to start with loving kindness, compassion, forgiveness, no harm to humans and to all sentient beings is done; being with hiri is the shame of evil and ottappa is the dread of evil. One must not only kill by himself but also not ask others to kill; cultivating and training Buddhist people to be kind and compassion.

The Study of the Effectiveness of Digital Financial Transactions Affecting the Acceptance of Cashless Society of Tourism Businesses

2024-03-07T09:48:15+07:00

The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of digital financial transactions from perceived benefits from behavioral use and from perceived benefits from intended use that affect acceptance in a cashless society of the tourism business. It is quantitative research. A questionnaire was used as a research tool to collect data from a sample group of 405 people living in Bangkok and Perimeter. A probability sampling method was used, by Simple Random Sampling, Data analysis used multiple regression analysis.

The results showed that effectiveness of digital financial transactions from perceived benefits from behavior based on (1) ordering products through online networks (2) using QR code systems for payments (3) using Credit or debit cards instead of cash (4) Using Electronic Banking (5) Using various applications on mobile phones or electronic media, and the effectiveness of digital financial transactions from the perceived benefits of use as objective, which includes (1) the convenience of using money anywhere, anytime (2) the ease and time saving of (3) Risks arising from currency exchange rates (4) Safety from digital financial transactions (5) The reliability of digital financial transactions processes affects business acceptance in a cashless society. Tourism in Bangkok and Perimeter in terms of technology, social and legal aspects are statistically significant at the .05 level.

The Effect of Administrator's Academic Leadership to the Teacher's Learning and Classroom Management at Ayutthaya Primary Education Area 2.

2023-11-24T21:29:56+07:00

The purpose of the research was to; (1)examine the school academic leadership of administrators under the Ayutthaya Primary Education Service Area Office 2. (2) explore to the teacher’s learning and Classroom Management at Ayutthaya Primary Education Area 2 (3) investigate the Effect of School Administrator’s Academic Leadership of teacher’s learning and Classroom Management at Ayutthaya Primary Education Service Area Office 2. The method of research is Quantitative Research. The sample consisted of 297 teachers. The method used to choose the sample about Stratified sampling. The research instrument was five-rating scale questionnaire. The statistics for data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation and stepwise multiple regression.

The research findings were as follows: (1) The academic leadership of school administrators under the Ayutthaya Primary Education Service Area Office 2 as a whole were at the high average level. (2) The teacher’s learning and Classroom Management at Ayutthaya Primary Education Area 2 with the topic from Office of the Teacher Civil Service and Education Personnel Commission (OTEPC) as a whole were at the high average level. (3) The Effect of School Administrator's Academic Leadership to the Teacher's Learning and Classroom Management at Ayutthaya Primary Education Area 2 that the data found statically significance at .05. There are the defining tasks the support and develop the teachers, and adequate supply of resources that the effectiveness of the research was at the percentage 38.

The Effects of STEAM Education Activity Provision Using Natural Material on Development of Originality for Young Children

2023-04-30T16:56:43+07:00

The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of the STEAM Education activity using natural materials on the initiative’s development of early childhood children before and after the STEAM Education activity using natural materials. This research is quantitative research using the following research instruments (1) a lesson plan of STEAM Education activity for developing initiatives (2) A test for early childhood children's ability of initiative using 10 items of pictures, which is a researcher self-made test. The subjects used in this research were fifteen male and female early childhood children aged between 3 – 4 years old who are in kindergarten level 1, semester 2, the academic year 2022, Laor-utis Demonstration School, Suan Dusit University. The results of the study showed that early childhood children had higher initiative skills after receiving the STEAM activity using natural materials than before receiving the STEAM Education activity using natural materials.

The Development Of Reading Ability On Vocabulary With Final Consonants According To Their Sections By Multi-Sensory Of Orton-Gillingham Teaching Method : Case Study Of Second Grade Students With Learning Disability

2023-04-28T14:44:28+07:00

This study aims to study the development of the ability to read on vocabulary with final consonants according to their sections by multi-sensory of Orton-Gillingham teaching method. The target group was three students with learning disability who were studying in second grade. The instruments of this study were (1) the learning activity plan and (2) the word reading test. The data was analyzed by percent.

The findings indicated that after using the multi-sensory with Orton-Gillingham teaching method, the target group had score on vocabulary reading ability higher than pretest. In adiition, the progress precentage increased by 45 percent. This study showed that teaching students to read vocabulary with final consonants according to their sections by multi-sensory of Orton-Gillingham teaching method can improve target group in reading ability.

An Approach for Buddhist Principles to Promote Educational Quality Assurance at the Institutional Level in Graduate Production of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University

2024-01-22T14:04:36+07:00

The study consisted of the following objectives: (1) to investigate problems and obstacles of educational quality assurance at the institutional level in producing graduates of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University; (2) to explore the Buddhadhamma promoting educational quality assurance at the institutional level in producing graduates of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University; and (3) to present an approach to applying the Buddhadhamma to promote educational quality assurance at the institutional level in producing graduates of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. The study employed a qualitative research method by studying from documents and conducting interview with 10 key informants.

The assessment of curriculum quality during three academic years (B.E. 2562 - 2564) revealed that the curriculum cannot raise the quality from medium to good or excellent. There are curriculums that have been assessed to be of lower quality than the standards in each educational level. Lecturers with doctorates have a lower academic standing than the quality assessment standards. The process of overseeing and following up on the quality development plan, which involves input data analysis by the quality assurance committee, lacks continuity. Ariyasacca (the Four Noble Truths) is a Buddhadhamma that may be used to solve difficulties in producing graduates, management, operations, and university employees. It begins with identifying the problem, determining its causes, creating goals, and determining solutions for solving the problem. Then, it leads to performance according to four itthibāt: working with love, having a desire to work, being diligent, being patient, not giving up, having a mind to know what to do with concentration. Finally, planning, assessing, finding ways to fix the problem, and aparihāniyadhamma are processes to drive performance together by meeting and finding consensus in order to improve the quality of work and achievement of the organization. An approach to applying Buddhadhamma to promote educational quality assurance can be done through the PDCA cycle and the IPO process. This will lead to quality throughout the organization, the accomplishment of strategic plans and operational goals, as well as the satisfaction of students and all stakeholders. As a result, the university will achieve academic excellence through Buddhist educational management.

A Model the Facility Management With Electricity Saving of the Personnel in Primary Schools

2023-05-04T17:57:13+07:00

The purposes of this research were to (1) study the condition of building management to enhance electricity saving behavior of the personnel in primary schools, (2) develop a building management model to enhance electricity saving behavior of the personnel in elementary schools and(3) evaluate the effectiveness of the building management model to enhance electricity saving behavior among personnel in elementary schools, There were 30 school personnel of the experimental group and 30 school personnel of the control group. The research tools were interview forms, examination forms, assessment forms and questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, mean standard deviation and t-test.

The results showed that (1) The conditions of building management of the experimental group and the control group using the POSDCoRB theoretical process were similar to electrical equipment and electricity cost because they were in the same district and also they had the similar context of energy saving management, and the same behavior problem of electric equipment using of personnel in both schools. (2) The result of the development of a building management Model to Enhance Electricity Saving Behavior model was Model to Enhance Electricity Saving Behavior (BPAOR Model). (3) In addition the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the building management model to enhance energy saving behavior of school personnel were as follows: (3.1) The experimental group had move knowledge about energy saving than that of the control group with statistically significant level at .05,. (3.2) The experimental group after using the model had higher performance than that of the control group (Post) higher, with statistically significant level at .05, and It also found that the follow up results on energy saving behavior of experimental group were higher than that of the group did not use the model activity with significantly at .05, and (3.3) The satisfaction assessment result of school personnel towards the overall model was found to be at the highest level.

The Role of Administrators Affecting Teaching Skills of Teachers in the 21 st Century Under The Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office.

2023-10-23T11:47:06+07:00

The purpose of this research is to (1) study the role of administers of the school under the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office. (2) study teaching skills of teachers in the 21^st century of the school under the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office. (3) study the role of administers affecting teaching skills of teachers in the 21^st century of the school under the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office. The research sample comprises 317 teachers employed in schools under the jurisdiction of the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office. Two instruments were employed: a questionnaire pertaining to the role of administrators in these schools, possessing a confidence value of 0.90, and teaching skills of teachers in the 21^st century, with a confidence value of 0.91. Data analysis utilized several statistical techniques including the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The research results show that (1) The administrator’s role of the school under the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office overall was assessed as high, Upon examining individual aspects using arithmetic mean, it was observed that the highest-rated aspects pertained to morale-boosting and motivation, followed by teacher quality development. Conversely, the provision of facilities and utilization of educational technology received the lowest ratings. (2) Teaching skills of teachers in the 21^st century of the school under the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office overall was assessed as high, competency was ranked at the highest level. Analyzing specific aspects, life skills garnered the highest rating, followed by classroom management skills. Conversely, integrated skills received the lowest rating. (3) role of administers affecting teaching skills of teachers in the 21^st century of the school under the Suphanburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office, overall were moderately influential, with statistical significance at a level of 0.05. These roles encompassed teacher quality development, supervision monitoring and evaluation capabilities, aspects pertained to morale-boosting , collectively predicting 34 percent for teaching skills of teachers in the 21^st century

Leadership Behavior That Affecting To The Effective Personnel Management in school under the office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

2023-08-25T16:08:33+07:00

The purposes of this research are (1) to study leadership behavior; Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 (2) to study the efficiency of personnel administration operations in educational institutions. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 (3) to study leadership behaviors that affect personnel management efficiency in educational institutions. Under the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area, Region 1 The samples used in this research were supervisors or persons in charge of personnel administration of schools under Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, totaling 123 schools. manage The confidence value was 0.89 and the questionnaire about the efficiency of personnel management in educational institutions. The confidence value was 0.96 Statistics used in data analysis were mean, standard deviation. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and multiple regression analysis by the enter method. (Enter)

The results of the research revealed that (1) leadership behavior Under the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area, Region 1, the overall level was at a moderate level. The aspect with the highest mean was team-based leadership behavior, followed by moderate leadership behavior. and the side with the lowest mean was the low-work-oriented, high-people-oriented leadership behavior, respectively. (2) Efficiency of personnel administration in educational institutions. Under the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area, Region 1 in the overall level was at a high level. The aspect with the highest average was evaluation and performance, followed by personnel development. and the aspects with the lowest average values were the planning and positioning aspects, respectively. (3) The overall leadership behavior had a positive correlation with the efficiency of personnel administration in educational institutions. Overall is low. statistically significant at .01 (4) Leadership behavior affects the efficiency of personnel administration in educational institutions. Under the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area, Region 1, the overall picture was at a high level. The statistical significance at the .05 level consisted of teamwork leadership behavior. middle way leadership behavior People-Oriented Leadership Behavior and low work-oriented, high-oriented leadership behavior Overall, the forecast for the efficiency of personnel administration in educational institutions was 61.90 percent.

An Analysis of Buddhist Principles that Appeared in Cakkavāladīpanī Scripture

2023-07-12T12:08:14+07:00

This research article consists of 3 objectives, namely: - 1. to study the structure and content of the Cakkavāladīpanī Scripture; 2. to study the concept of the principles as appeared in the Cakkavāladīpanī Scripture; 3. to analyze the principles that appeared in the Cakkavāladīpanī. This is documentary research with the textual analysis and presenting in a descriptive form.

The findings showed that: Cakkavāladīpanī Scripture has 3 main parts, namely:- 1. Paṇamagāthā is paying homage to the Triple Gem. 2. Among the 6 chapters, the content in each one has a separate topic depending on stories from the Tipitaka, Commentaries, Sub-commentaries, and Special Texts that mainly mention on the universe. 3. Pacchimagāthā, the latter part, is to emphasize the meaning of the Title, the background and the purposes of the composing, and the detailed history of Venerable Sirimaṅgalācāra, the author. There are 3 principles that appeared in the Cakkavāladīpanī Scripture: 1. Dāna: Giving things away describes that those who give away things would definitely receive good results both in their present and next life. 2. Sīla: Observing the precepts constantly, such as an egret who vowed to observe the first precept all her life. Even death could not stop her from giving up observing the precept, resulting in her being born as beautiful and attractive to good men around her, as a daughter of the Demon Lord Weppachitti. 3. Samatha-Vipassanā Kammaṭhānā:The practice of Samatha meditation will result in the birth of next life in the world of Brahma. When one continues his practice with Vipassana, he is getting rid of all the worldly desires and his spirit would be pure, and that is supposed to end the births or deaths of the human beings forever. As for the principles to be followed in everyday life in this Scripture, they consist of: 1. Dāna: Giving away means giving, giving up, sharing one's things for the benefit of others; 2. Sīla: Observing the precepts, Cakkavāladīpanī suggests the benefits (ānisaṃsa) gained from observing the precepts and experiencing bad friuts from breaking them; 3. Samatha-Vipassanā Kammaṭhānā: the way to practice to reach a tranquil mind or the way using the Four Foundation of Mindfulness as to understand things truly as they are as to reach nibbāna. The Scripture represents the rise and fall of the worldly universe. The emergence of human beings in the first aeon (Kappa) as well as the existence of beings in the abyss, the human realm, the god realm, the way to avoid doing evil things, and the way to uphold the virtue in order to eventually attain to Nibbāna. It also suggests the danger and boredom of the rise and fall of the Universe, not for the sake of the obsession of worldly pleasure or enjoyment.

Visionary The Visionary Leadership of School Administrators Affecting Teachers’ Performance Agreements in Educational Institutions Under Ang thong Primary Educational Service Area Office

2023-10-30T10:36:00+07:00

The purposes of this research were (1) to study the visionary leadership of educational institution administrators; Under Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office (2) to study teachers' work performance according to the work agreement Under Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office (3) to study the visionary leadership of school administrators that affects teachers' performance according to the work agreement. under Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office. The sample group was educational institution administrators and teachers. under the jurisdiction of Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office, academic year 2022, a total of 305 people were obtained by selecting a stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale. There were statistical values used in data analysis, including percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.

The results of the research were as follow (1) Educational institution administrators of Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office There was a high level of visionary leadership. (2) Teachers under Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office Work is performed according to the teachers' work agreement. The overvie was at a high level. According to the criteria of the Office of the Teacher Civil Service and Educational personnel commission (3) Visionary leadership of school administrators in creating motivation, affects teachers' performance according to the work agreement. under Ang Thong Primary Educational Service Area Office statistically significant at the .05 level, together they predicted 39 percent of teachers' performance according to the work performance agreement.

Keywords : Visionary Leadership; Teachers’ performance; Operating agreement

The school administrators’ skills affecting The 21st Century teachers’ skills the office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

2023-12-19T15:50:40+07:00

The purposes of this research are (๑) to study school administrators’ skills of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office ๒ (๒) to study the ๒๑^st century teachers’ skills in in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office ๒ (๓) to study the school administrators’ skills affect the ๒๑^st century teachers’ skills of the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area ๒.The samples are used in this research were teachers of schools under Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area Office ๒, totaling ๒๘๕ teachers. The questionnaire about the school administrators’ skills gets the confidence value was ๐.๙๘. The questionnaire about the ๒๑^st Century teachers’ skills gets the confidence value was ๐.๙๙. The Statistics which used in data analysis were mean, standard deviation. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and multiple regression analysis by the enter method. (Enter)

The results of the research revealed that (๑) the school administrators’ skill of the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area ๒, the overall level was at high level. The aspect with the highest mean was communication skill, followed by technology digital skill. and the side with the lowest mean was knowing and thinking skill (๒) the ๒๑^st century teachers’ skills of the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area ๒ in the overall level was at a high level. The aspect with the highest average was learning management skills followed by the professional learning development skill. And the aspects with the lowest average values were the technology skill, respectively. (๓) The school administrators’ skills had a positive correlation with ๒๑st century teachers’ skills of the Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area ๒ which Overall is moderate by statistically significant at .๐๑ (๔) The school administrators’ skills affect the ๒๑st teachers’skills the in Office of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Primary Educational Service Area ๒, the overall picture was at a moderate level. The statistical significance at the .๐๕ level consisted of

cognitive skills, technical skills, human skills, thinking skills, communication skills and technology digital was ๕๒.๑๐ percent.

Guidelines for Application of the Four PatฺIsambhidã for the Buddhism Propagation Through Thailand Radio Broadcating Media of Thong-Buddho Program

2023-10-19T10:55:46+07:00

In this research, three objectives were purposely made: (1) to study the problematic state of information communication in propagation of Buddhism through radio broadcasting of Buddha's recitation program (Tong Buddho channel), (2) to study the principles of four Patฺisambhidã according to Theravada Buddhism, and (3) to present the guidelines for communicating information according to the four Patฺisambhidãs for the propagation of Buddhism through radio broadcasting in Thailand of Buddha's recitation program called Thong Buddho Program. This research employed a qualitative research methodology done by studying documents and in-depth interviews with 10 interviewees, consisting of 2 ordained monks and 8 laypeople. The results of the research showed the problematic states of communicating information in the propagation of Buddhism through radio broadcasting were divided into 4 aspects: 1) the problems are caused by a sender of messages, that is, a sender has no proper knowledge on Buddhism resulting in berefting of neutrality, 2) the problems are caused by messages, that are, its contents are difficult and far-fetched with other hidden objectives, 3) the problems are caused by channel, that is, there are few Dhamma programs, limited time, and no sponsors. Therefore, it was ignored because it did not meet the business needs, and 4) the problems are caused by receiver of messages, that are, the listeners have no knowledge and thereby demanding high expectations giving rise to the indistinguishability between faith and superstition.

As far as four principles of Patฺisambhidã in Theravada Buddhism are concerned, they are of the followings: 1) Attha- Patฺisambhidã, 2) Dhamma- Patฺisambhidã, 3) Nirutti- Patฺisambhidã, and 4) Patฺibhãnฺa- Patฺisambhidã from the academic point of view, the concepts for application are as follows: 1) Attha- Patฺisambhidã (true knowledge content), 2) Dhamma- Patฺisambhidã (comprehending the point), 3) Nirutti- Patฺisambhidã (rhetoric), 4. Patฺibhãnฺa- Patฺisambhidã (Have a flair for presenting and answering questions). When it comes to guidelines for communicating information according to the concept of interaction four Patฺisambhidã for the propagation of Buddhism through radio broadcasting in Thailand, they are of: 1) the guideline for communicating information according to the four Patฺisambhidã principles, i.e. studying information to understand its contents, capture issues, rhetorically communicate in the language, and create new knowledge in accordance with the situation, 2) the presenter's practice is to study and gain knowledge where they should not distort information in order to know the target audience, conveying the correct teachings according to the Scriptures with references, and 3) the recommendation is to create a new generation to join as a moderator of supplementary programs where editing guest videos, posting them on online platforms, and arranging Dharma activities to maintain the audience bases are carried out.

Four Gharavasa-Dhamma, Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and Spiritual Well-Being of People at Ladphrao District in Bangkok

2023-08-07T16:23:58+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: 1) study the level of four Gharavasa-dhamma, sufficiency economy philosophy and spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district; 2) compare spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district by personal factors; 3) study the relationship between four Gharavasa-dhamma and spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district and 4) study the relationship between sufficiency economy philosophy and spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district. The sample were 400 people at Ladphrao district, in Bangkok. Data were collected by questionnaires. Data analysis used by a statistical package program. The statistical methods used by percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, F-test and Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient. Results showed that: 1) four Gharavasa-dhamma, sufficiency economy philosophy and spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district were the relatively high level; 2) people at Ladphrao district had difference in occupation had difference spiritual well-being with statistically significant at .05 level; 3) four Gharavasa-dhamma positively related to spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district with statistically significance at .01 level and 4) sufficiency economy philosophy positively related to spiritual well-being of people at Ladphrao district with statistically significance at .01 level.

The Effects of Storytelling with Role Play Activity Provision to Develop Relationship Skills of Young Children.

2023-04-25T16:48:10+07:00

The purpose of this study was to compare relationship skills of young children before and after storytelling activities of with role play. The subjects used in this study were 25 young children ranging in age between 3-4 years old studying in kindergarten Year 1, second semester, academic year of 2022. The subjects were at Kasetsart University Laboratory School, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Educational Research and Development Center, Faculty of education. The instruments used in this study were 1) 16 role play activity plans and 2) young children relationship skills assessment form. The statistics used in this study were mean and standard deviation.

The results showed that young children who participated in storytelling with role play activities developed 5 skills in communication, adaptation to environment, co-operative with others, showing friendly behaviors, respect the others. Mean score before and after experiment was 6.36 and 13.24 respectively.

Book review “Wei Lang Sutta” translated by Buddhadasa Bhikkhu

2024-04-16T19:58:19+07:00

หนังสือเรื่อง “สูตรเว่ยหล่าง ที่แปลโดย พระธรรมโกศาจารย์ (พุทธทาสภิกขุ) เป็นหนังสือพระพุทธศาสนานิกายเซ็น ซึ่งหลวงพ่อพุทธทาสภิกขุ ได้กล่าวไว้ในคำชี้แจงเกี่ยวกับการศึกษา-สูตรของเว่ยหล่างไว้สรุปว่า มีเรื่องที่จะต้องทราบกันเสียก่อนในเบื้องต้น ๒ ข้อ

ข้อแรก หนังสือเล่มนี้ที่จะไม่เป็นที่เข้าใจได้สำหรับผู้อ่านหนังสือที่ยังไม่เคยศึกษาทางพุทธศาสนามาก่อนเลย มันไม่ใช่หนังสือเล่มแรกสำหรับผู้ริเริ่มการศึกษาพุทธศาสนา อย่างน้อย ที่สุดผู้ที่จะอ่านหนังสือเล่มนี้ แม้จะไม่เคยอ่านหนังสือของทางฝ่ายมหายานมาบ้างแล้ว ก็ควรจะได้เคยศึกษาหลักแห่งพุทธศาสนาฝ่ายเถรวาทมาบ้างพอสมควรแล้ว จนถึงกับจับใจความได้อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งว่า พุทธศาสนาที่ตนศึกษาแล้วนั้นมีหลักอย่างไร หรือวิธีปฏิบัติอย่างไร จึงจะพ้นทุกข์ได้โดยเฉพาะ และอีกทางหนึ่ง สำหรับผู้ที่เคยศึกษาแต่ฝ่ายเถรวาทมาอย่างเคร่งครัด และยังแถมยึดถือทิฏฐิอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งไว้อย่างเหนียวแน่นนั้น อาจจะมองไปเห็นว่าหนังสือเล่มนี้เป็นหนังสือที่ผิดหลักพระพุทธศาสนาเป็นมิจฉาทิฏฐิ หรือเป็นสิ่งที่น่าอันตรายไปอย่างยิ่ง ไปก็ได้ ทั้งนี้ เพราะเหตุที่ หลักคิด และแนวปฏิบัติ เดินกันคนละแนว เหมือนการเดินของคนที่เดินตามทางใหญ่ที่อ้อมค้อม กับคนที่เดินทางลัดหรือถึงกับดำดินไปผุดขึ้นในที่ที่ตนต้องการจะให้ไปถึงเสียเลย ฉันใดฉันนั้น

ข้อที่สอง ผู้ที่อ่านหนังสือเล่มนี้ด้วยความสนใจ ควรทราบไว้เสียก่อนว่า หลักนิกายเซ้นและโดยเฉพาะของพระสังฆปรินายกชื่อเว่ยหล่าง นี้ นอกจากจะเป็นวิธีการที่ลัดสั้นแล้ว ยังเป็นวิธีปฏิบัติที่อิงหลักธรรมชาติทางจิตใจของคนทั่วไป แม้ที่ไม่รู้หนังสือ หรือไม่เข้าใจพิธีรีตองต่าง ๆ จึงเป็นเหตุให้ลัทธินี้ถูกขนาดนามว่า “ลัทธิพุทธศาสนาที่อยู่นอกพระไตรปิฎก” หืออะไรอื่นทำนองนี้อีกมากมาย ที่จริง ผู้ที่จะอ่านหนังสือนี้ ควรจะได้รับการชักชวนให้ลืมอะไรต่าง ๆ ที่เคยยึดถือไว้แต่ก่อนให้หมดสิ้นเสียก่อน จึงจะเป็นการง่ายในการอ่านและเข้าใจ โดยเฉพาะก็คือ ให้ลืมพระไตรปิฎก ลืมระเบียบพิธีต่าง ๆ ทางพุทธศาสนา ลมความคิดดิ่ง ๆ ด้านเดียว ที่ตนเคยยึดถือ กระทั่งลืมความเป็นพุทธบริษัทของตนเสีย คงเอาไว้แต่ใจล้วน ๆ ของมนาย์ ซึ่งไม่จำกัดว่าชาติใดภาษาใด หรือถือศาสนาไหน เป็นใจซึ่งกำลังทำการคิดเพื่อแก้ปัญหาที่ว่า “อย่างไร จิตของมนุษย์ทุกคนลักษณะที่เป็นสากลนี้ จักหลุดพ้นจากความบีบคั้นหุ้มห่อมพัวพันได้โดยสิ้นเชิง?” เท่านั้น การทำเช่นนี้จักเป็นประโยชน์อย่างสูงแก่ผู้อ่าน ในการที่จะได้ทราบอย่างชัดแจ้งถึง ความแตกต่างระหว่าง พุทธศาสนาในของเขตของคัมภีร์ กับพุทธศาสนาซึ่งอยู่เหนือคัมภีร์ พุทธศาสนาที่อิงอยู่กับพิธีรีตองต่าง ๆ กับพุทธศาสนาที่เป็นอิสระตามธรรมชาติ และเดินตามหลักธรรมชาติ พุทธศาสนาที่ให้เชื่อก่อนทำ กับพุทธศาสนาที่ให้ลองทำก่อนเชื่อ พุทธศาสนาในฐานะที่เป็นวรรณคดี กับพุทธศาสนาประยุกต์ และโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง ระหว่างพุทธศาสนาที่ใช้ได้แต่กับคนบางคน กับพุทธศาสนาที่อาจใช้ให้สำเร็จประโยชน์ได้แก่บุคคลทุกคน แม้ที่ไม่รู้หนังสือขอเพียงแต่ให้มีสติปัญญาตามปรกติสามัญมนุษย์เท่านั้น ผู้ที่ได้ทราบเช่นนี้แล้ว จะได้รับพุทธศาสนาชนิดที่ปฏับัติได้จริง ตามกฎเกณฑ์ของธรรมชาติมาปฏิบัติอย่างเหลือเฟือ และลัดดิ่งไปสู่สิ่งที่จะให้เกิดความอิ่ม ความพอ ได้โดยเร็ว ถ้ามิฉะนั้นแล้ว เขาก็จะเป็นตัวหนอนที่มัวแต่กัดแทะหนังสือ หรือเป็นนักก่อการทะเลาะวิวาทตามทางปรัชญา ไปตามเดิมแต่อย่างเดียว ----