Indonesian Building Codes and Its Influence on Future Electricity Demand

Abstract

The direct and indirect heat load through enclosure materials, internal load (sensible and latent heat) plays an important role in the building life cycle energy. This paper evaluates the effect of Indonesian building regulation for building envelopes and predicts the possible future electricity demand scenarios as well as policy improvement.A building simulation program (ECOTECTTM) is used to simulate the cooling load scenarios based on different buildings envelope materials. Due to the competitive price and simple production processes concrete block is a very appealing material for Indonesian buildings; its Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) is lower than the current walls material (brick). The result for the hottest month the cooling load effect shows a concrete blocks reached 5,617 Wh/m2 compared to 2,363 Wh/m2 for bricks.The result on alternatives materials as well as codes improvement then applies on the electricity supply-demand scenarios planning. The development on scenarios planning based on the information from economic analysis (using Granger-causality test) in order to find out the influence on economic growth in electricity consumption in Indonesia. The potential of electricity cost reduction then calculated by using LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternative Planning) an integrated modelling tool.The building codes standard OTTV based is beneficial particularly on the skin load-dominated buildings (single landed) in non-humid ambient condition whereas most of the residential high rise buildings in tropical countries are internal load-dominated. The results show that low OTTV values do not directly reduce the electricity consumption in high-rise buildings, however higher OTTV value means higher electricity consumption in single landed buildings. The future electricity demand in Indonesia mainly consumed by industrial sectors however based on the prediction the room for improvement in residential sector is high. The improvement through material improvement and policy improvement will reduce the electricity consumption up to 40 per cent and up to 30 per cent less cost.