NKRAFA Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Editorial Note

Aimmarat Yingpisutt — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

บทบรรณาธิการ

วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ นายเรืออากาศ ฉบับที่ 13 ปี 2568 ฉบับนี้ เผยแพร่บทความทางวิชาการรวมจำนวนทั้งสิ้น 10 บทความ โดยมีบทความทั้งภาษาไทยและภาษาอังกฤษ ซึ่งมีประเด็นที่หลากหลายและน่าสนใจ บทความดังกล่าวได้ผ่านกระบวนการพิจารณาจากผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิในสาขาวิชาที่เกี่ยวข้องอย่างรอบด้านและครอบคลุมเพื่อให้ได้บทความที่มีคุณภาพและมีประโยชน์ต่อการศึกษาวิจัยทางด้านมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์

กองบรรณาธิการขอขอบคุณผู้ที่ให้ความสนใจส่งบทความเพื่อเข้ารับการพิจารณาตีพิมพ์ทุกท่าน รวมทั้งขอขอบคุณผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิจากหลากหลายสถาบันที่ให้ความกรุณาในการประเมินบทความ เพื่อความสมบูรณ์ของบทความมากยิ่งขึ้น โดยวารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ นายเรืออากาศ ยังคงมุ่งมั่นในการพัฒนาคุณภาพของวารสาร ให้ดียิ่งขึ้นโดยไม่มีค่าธรรมเนียมในการส่งบทความเช่นเดิม ทั้งนี้ เพื่อพัฒนางานทางวิชาการซึ่งเป็นรากฐานของสหวิชาอย่างยั่งยืน และเปิดโอกาสให้คณาจารย์ นิสิต และนักศึกษา รวมถึงผู้สนใจได้เสริมสร้างศักยภาพด้านการวิจัยต่อไป

นาวาอากาศเอกหญิง
(ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ เอมรัตน์ ยิ่งพิสุทธิ์)
บรรณาธิการ

The Role of the Judiciary in Balancing State Power in National Security: A Case Study of the Use of Special Laws in Thailand

Apipat Pasanaga — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In a democratic system governed by the rule of law, the exercise of state power must be subject to appropriate mechanisms of oversight and checks and balances—particularly in situations where the state enforces special security laws, such as the Emergency Decree on Public Administration in Emergency Situations B.E. 2548 (2005) and the Martial Law Act B.E. 2457 (1914), which grant the executive and state officials broad powers to restrict the rights and freedoms of the people. This article aims to examine the role of the Thai judiciary in balancing state power within such a context by analyzing relevant court judgments and comparing them with the practices of
the German Federal Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court of the United States. The study seeks to formulate legal and policy recommendations and presents a critical observation as to how the Thai judiciary should reconsider its conceptual framework and legal mechanisms to ensure that the exercise of special powers does not become a tool for rights infringement, but rather a genuinely balanced mechanism grounded in the principles of the rule of law and human rights. The methodology employed includes doctrinal legal analysis of special laws, key judicial decisions, and relevant international human rights legal principles, with an emphasis on the principles of proportionality,
the rule of law, and checks and balances.
The findings indicate that although Thai courts have played a role in interpreting and reviewing the exercise of special powers in certain cases, in many rulings they tend to give greater weight to the justifications presented by the state than to the protection of individual freedoms. This reveals limitations in the judiciary’s effectiveness as a balancing mechanism during states of emergency. The article thus recommends the promotion of international legal standards—such as the principles of proportionality, necessity, and the least restrictive means—in judicial reasoning, as well as the reform of legal structures to allow courts greater independence in reviewing executive action. Additionally, it calls for the cultivation of a judicial culture firmly grounded in human rights, so that the judiciary may truly serve as the last line of defense for the people in times of crisis.

Folklore and Identities of the Royal Thai Air Force Personnel: A Reflection on the RTAF Commander-in-Chief’s Policy

Primrata Jantarachotigul — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine the relationship between folklore and the desirable identities of the Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF) personnel according to the RTAF Commander-in-Chief’s policy. Employing a qualitative research methodology, data were collected from documentary sources, including the Commander-in-Chief’s policy, participant and non-participant observations, and interviews with key informants involved in the production of folklore. The findings show three identities of the RTAF personnel: loyalty to the main institutions of the nation; unity, harmony and collective cohesion; and self-sacrifice for the collective good. These identities are acknowledged and shaped by the military and the RTAF personnel, as reflected in the connection between the Commander-in-Chief’s policy and the cultural processes of military folklore to cultivate crucial attributes of Thai military personnel. These not only raise awareness of the RTAF’s role in serving society but also play an important part in maintaining institutional solidity and the RTAF’s role in the context of national stability.

The Development of a Psychological Characteristics Inventory for Students in Educational Institutions under the Royal Thai Air Force: Teamwork, Mental Toughness, Emotional Regulation and Critical Thinking (TMEC)

Wimonwan Panyawong, Chavisa Khengsamut, Jamorn Wankongdee — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to develop the psychological characteristics inventory for students in educational institutions under the Royal Thai Air Force. The tool was designed to encompass desirable attributes for both military students and personnel. The development process involved
a comprehensive review of relevant literature and research, as well as a need analysis based on surveys and interviews with teachers and students from the educational institutions under the Royal Thai Air Force regarding the psychological characteristics of military students. Findings from the analysis guided the conceptual framework, which consists of four key psychological dimensions and ten subcomponents: (1) Teamwork, including collaboration and leadership; (2) Mental Toughness, comprising courage, integrity, and selflessness; (3) Emotional Intelligence, including self-control, emotional regulation, and empathy; and (4) Critical Thinking, consisting of decision-making and problem-solving. An initial item pool of 232 questions was developed, and content validity was validated by five experts in adolescent mental health. The Index of Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) was calculated in two rounds to refine the items, retaining only those with IOC scores of 0.5 or above. The final pilot version of the instrument consisted of 170 validated items. The resulting assessment tool provides a comprehensive measure of the psychological attributes aligned with the expected qualities of military students. However, it remains a preliminary development tool, with plans to further test its reliability and construct validity. Future research will focus on developing normative data to support the practical application of the tool in student selection and personnel development within military contexts.

The Influence of Psychological Capital on Psychological Well-Being among Aviation Industry Personnel

Pongsavake Anekjumnongporn, Yaowaluk Aekphitoon, Tunyaluk Anekjumnongporn — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The aviation industry is highly competitive and characterized by demanding workloads, uncertainty, and workplace pressure, all of which directly affect the psychological well-being of its personnel. Psychological capital is therefore considered a crucial internal resource that strengthens individuals’ inner capacity to cope with such challenges. This research article aims to 1) study the level of psychological capital and psychological well-being among aviation industry personnel, 2) compare psychological well-being with their biosocial factors and 3) study the influence of psychological capital and their psychological well-being. Multi-stage sampling techniques were utilized for sample in this research. The questionnaire used in this study demonstrated high reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.89 for psychological capital and 0.88 for psychological well-being. There were collected from 400 aviation industry personnel. The data were analyzed by frequency, mean, standard deviations, independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results revealed that the aviation industry has psychological capital (M = 3.94, S.D. = 0.66) and psychological well-being (M = 3.42, S.D. = 0.58) at
a high level. Those who have different job positions and job experiences have differences in psychological well-being at statistically significant levels at the 0.05 level. The psychological capital has influenced the psychological well-being of aviation industry personnel at statistically significant levels at the 0.01 level. Moreover, it can be predicted that psychological well-being = 1.182 + 0.271*Hope + 0.124*Self-Efficacy. Therefore, psychological capital plays vital role in enhancing the psychological well-being of aviation industry personnel. Organizations should prioritize the development of psychological capital through appropriate interventions and supportive measures to strengthen employees’ mental stability and long-term work performance.

A Study of the Approaches to Shared Utilization of Educational Resources among Basic Education Institutions in Thailand

Patcharapa Tantichuwet — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to: (1) analyze the conditions, problems, principles, success factors, and approaches to the shared utilization of educational resources among basic education institutions in Thailand and selected countries; and (2) develop policy recommendations regarding the shared use of educational resources among the basic education institutions. The study employed a documentary research method based on documents from Thailand, Germany, Malaysia, and Cambodia. These four countries were selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments included a research quality assessment form and a research data recording form. The data were analyzed using content analysis.
The results indicate that:
1. In Thailand, the sharing of educational resources predominantly occurs through indirect collaboration between educational agencies and schools. In Germany, such practices are embedded in both domestic and cross-border academic cooperation frameworks. In Malaysia, resource sharing is primarily driven by centralized fiscal allocations from the federal government. In contrast, Cambodia demonstrates limited inter-institutional collaboration, with a predominant focus on resource mobilization through stakeholder engagement and international funding agencies.
2. The proposed policy recommendations regarding the sharing of educational resources are articulated at two levels. At the macro (policy) level, it is suggested that governments promote institutional collaboration through decentralized, network-based governance models, while revising existing legal and regulatory frameworks to allow greater budgetary flexibility. At the micro (institutional) level, schools should establish formalized networks for resource sharing with clearly delineated roles and scopes, and develop comprehensive information systems to monitor both tangible and intangible educational resource utilization.

Cybercrime Threats: A Case Study of Phishing Attacks

Hathaichanok Intravichit — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to examine the patterns of cybercrime threats, with a particular focus on phishing attacks in Thailand, and propose appropriate and effective preventive measures within the context of a digital society. The study employs a documentary research methodology, drawing on academic literature and data from relevant agencies, together with the application of criminological theoretical frameworks.
The findings indicate that phishing attacks in Thailand have become increasingly diverse and sophisticated. These attacks commonly utilize social engineering techniques to deceive victims by exploiting vulnerabilities in digital systems and their lack of cybersecurity awareness. Furthermore, the study reveals that Thailand continues to face several challenges in combating phishing, including legal limitations, barriers to international cooperation, and shortages of skilled personnel. To address these challenges, this research article proposes key preventive strategies aimed at enhancing long-term cybersecurity resilience and fostering a more secure digital environment.

A Study of Needs and Teaching Approaches for English Elective Courses of Cadets at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy

Chayanan Jitjumnong — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to 1) examine the cadets’ need for English elective courses at Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy (CRMA) and 2) study instructional guidelines for English elective courses at CRMA. A mixed-methods research design was employed. The sample consisted of 324 fourth-year cadets enrolled at CRMA in the academic year 2025, selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments included a questionnaire and an interview. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, frequency, standard deviation, and thematic analysis, which involved organizing and categorizing qualitative responses.
The research findings revealed that:
1) The majority of the sample group, 188 cadets (58.33%), conveyed the highest demand for speaking skills. They expressed the highest need for content and activities related to conversational English for use in daily life (M = 4.44, SD = 0.69), and preferred learning English primarily through various video media (M = 4.40, SD = 0.76). For assessment, their highest preference was for a combination of scoring alongside midterm and final examinations (M = 3.73, SD = 1.00). Thematic grouping of needs identified five key factors influencing the instructional guidelines: 1) the need for practical use in daily life and careers, 2) preferences for engaging and easily accessible learning media, 3) obstacles in English learning, 4) effective learning methods, and 5) expectations for English elective courses.
2) Guidelines for English instruction in elective courses include designing teaching and learning that correspond to military contexts and cadets’ needs in order to develop listening and speaking skills through authentic communicative activities, along with practical assessments. Using various learning materials and conducting activities outside the classroom increase motivation and help cadets learn more effectively.

A Study of Global Citizenship Education in The Southern Border Provinces of Thailand

Nuttaporn Lawthong, Purin Thepsathit, Athapol Anunthavorasakul — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to investigate 1) teachers’ understanding of global citizenship and their perspective on global citizenship education (GCED) and 2) the current state of GCED instructional practices, the challenges and obstacles in implementing GCED, as well as the needs for professional development and support in delivering GCED. Samples were 490 teachers in three provinces in the southern border provinces of Thailand, derived through stratified random sampling. The GCED survey was used to collect the data. Mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that: 1) the teachers demonstrated relatively high levels of global citizenship understanding in all domains and possessed a global perspective on GCED; and 2) the most frequently taught GCED topics included intercultural and multicultural education. The most used instructional and assessment methods were discussions on current events and behavior observation for assessing learning outcomes. Regarding challenges of the implementation of GCED, the lack of understanding and expertise in designing integrated curricula, the diversity of student backgrounds, difficulties in instruction and assessment aimed at developing cognitive, social-emotional, and ethical competencies in line with global standards, and the lack of international connection through intercultural activities or exchange programs with schools abroad were the greatest challenges for the teachers. Regarding the needs for professional development and support, teachers expressed the strongest needs for examples of integrated curricula, lesson units, and instructional plans for GCED, instructional materials and activities to support GCED, workshop to enhance their competencies in designing assessments and instructional practices, administrative support from school administrators, and professional learning community that foster collaboration and shared learning among teachers.

The Administration of Small Schools with Ethnic Diversity under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

Tipachporn Inkliang, Sumit Suwan — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to investigate: (1) the administration of small schools with ethnic diversity under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3, and (2) guidelines for the administration of these schools. The population consisted of 112 school administrators and teachers from small schools under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. Additionally, seven school administrators and teachers were selected as interview informants. The research instruments included questionnaires and interview protocols. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and content analysis. The findings revealed that:
1. The administration of small schools with ethnic diversity under the Kanchanaburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 3 received high percentage ratings both overall and across each aspect examined.
2. The guidelines for administering small schools with ethnic diversity are as follows: (1) Academic administration should align with the needs of the school, students, and community while promoting the participation of external stakeholders without ethnic discrimination; (2) Financial, supplies, and asset management should follow a clear operational plan consistent with government regulations to ensure equitable support for all student groups; (3) Human resource administration should emphasize developing and enhancing personnel knowledge and capabilities to improve teaching and learning for students from diverse ethnic backgrounds; and (4) General administration should be learner-centered and take into account ethnic differences and the specific contexts of each school.

Adaptation of Sentence Structures in News Texts: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Complexity Levels Using Halliday’s Functional Grammar

Sapolachet Prachumchai, Kanyarat Pinmuang — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study explored how sentence structures function in news texts with varying levels of complexity, focusing on grammatical and contextual features. Using a quantitative corpus-based method supported by qualitative interpretive analysis, the research examined 1,308 English news articles (155,435 words) collected from Newsinlevels.com (2022), a learner-oriented platform.
The findings revealed that simple sentences dominate (54%), followed by complex (23%), compound-complex (13%), and compound sentences (10%). The proportion of simple sentences decreased as complexity levels increased, while the use of complex and compound-complex structures grew-indicating a shift toward more nuanced communication. These patterns align with Halliday’s (1985) functional grammar framework, showing how sentence structures were adapted to maintain coherence, accessibility, and complexity in news discourse. However, the corpus’s reliance on Newsinlevels.com may introduce bias toward simplified syntax, suggesting the need for future studies to investigate cross-cultural and longitudinal developments in journalistic style.