Maritime Technology and Research

A Smart Port Readiness Index in Southeast Asia to support autonomous ship operations

2026-05-04T14:01:14+07:00

The development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) requires adequate smart port capabilities to support safe and efficient autonomous operations. This study developed a Smart Port Readiness Index (SPRI) to assess port readiness for MASS across five Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines. The SPRI encompassed six capability dimensions: technological infrastructure, interoperability, communication, cybersecurity resilience, onshore operational support, and regulatory and operational procedures. Policy text mining was applied to a multilingual dataset of port-related documents from 2018 to 2024, and SPRI indicators were extracted and subsequently analyzed through a Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit (CMAB) simulation framework to evaluate adaptive policy prioritization under different readiness conditions. Results showed significant readiness disparities across the region, including that Singapore demonstrated the most advanced and balanced readiness profile and was capable of supporting routine and higher-level MASS operations. Malaysia exhibited conditional readiness, with relatively strong regulatory foundations but limited digital infrastructure and system integration. Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines consistently exhibited low readiness across most SPRI components, indicating very limited capacity to accommodate MASS. Based on these profiles, this study aligned SPRI outcomes with MASS capability levels and identified targeted strategies to address country-specific readiness gaps. The simulation results further indicate that investments in advanced autonomous technologies and cybersecurity generate the highest expected improvements in SPRI performance. The proposed framework offered a data-driven approach for evaluating smart port readiness and informing strategic decision-making for autonomous maritime development in Southeast Asia.

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APA Style:
Nurrosyidah, A., Pambudi, P. D. L., & Rachmannullah, A. F. (2026). A Smart Port Readiness Index in Southeast Asia to support autonomous ship operations. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 286735. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286735

MDPI Style:
Nurrosyidah, A.; Pambudi, P. D. L.; Rachmannullah, A. F. A Smart Port Readiness Index in Southeast Asia to support autonomous ship operations. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 286735. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286735

Vancouver Style:
Nurrosyidah A, Pambudi PDL, Rachmannullah AF. (2026). A Smart Port Readiness Index in Southeast Asia to support autonomous ship operations. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):286735. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286735

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Highlights

Assessment of smart port readiness for MASS in Southeast Asia
Development Smart Port Readiness Index from official port documents
Using Multi-armed bandit (MAB) to assess five Southeast Asian Countries readiness

Training maritime students as social maripreneurs: Strategic evidence from student competencies

2026-05-21T14:37:32+07:00

International organizations, governments, multinational corporations, and educational institutions take measures to create a more sustainable and resilient maritime sector consisting of environmentally conscious and socially responsible stakeholders. One of the ways to achieve this goal is through entrepreneurship, the process of creating and developing new ventures, and social entrepreneurship, which focuses on generating social value alongside financial returns. This study examines the social entrepreneurship competencies of students at a maritime university and their potential to address the global and local challenges as social maripreneurs, entrepreneurs who develop innovative solutions to maritime-related social and environmental challenges. Data were collected from 461 students using quantitative research methods The results indicate that students possess high levels of social entrepreneurship competencies that can be further developed through entrepreneurship education focused on social entrepreneurship, an underemphasized topic at maritime universities. These competencies may contribute to addressing global and local challenges while improving social welfare and environmental awareness in maritime communities.

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APA Style:
Özdemir, P. (2026). Training maritime students as social maripreneurs: Strategic evidence from student competencies. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 287112. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.287112

MDPI Style:
Özdemir, P. Training maritime students as social maripreneurs: Strategic evidence from student competencies. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 287112. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.287112

Vancouver Style:
Özdemir P. (2026). Training maritime students as social maripreneurs: Strategic evidence from student competencies. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):287112. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.287112

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Highlights

Maritime university students in this study show strong social entrepreneurship competencies such as leadership, self-efficacy, risk-taking, and resilience.
These competencies indicate social entrepreneurship potential for addressing maritime challenges.
Entrepreneurship education strengthens students’ capacity to address both global and local maritime issues.
Maritime universities should integrate social entrepreneurship into interdisciplinary curricula.
Social maripreneurs can create social, environmental, and economic value in maritime communities.

A review of green port indicators

2026-05-27T14:52:21+07:00

Currently, port environmental footprints are growing due to the increase in maritime logistics activities. To address this issue, ports must become strategic actors in decarbonization and centers of sustainability governance by using “green port indicators” to measure and monitor environmental performance. This study aims to clarify dominant indicator groups, evaluation approaches, and limitations through a structured review of peer-reviewed publications and authoritative grey literature sources, as well as applying thematic synthesis to trace the evaluation of green port indicators across two conceptual periods, 2010 - 2020 and post-2021 (2022 - 2026). The findings present that pre-2021 indicators introduced compliance-oriented localized impacts, in particular, air pollution emissions, energy consumption efficiency, governance readiness, and composite performance indices. On the other hand, the 2022 - 2026 indicators have emphasized the global climate goals, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounting, carbon intensity assessment, electrification and energy transition progress, renewable energy integration, alternative fuel readiness, and system-level sustainability performance. However, methodological concerns remain unresolved, including inconsistent system boundaries, the limitation of port performance improvement from interventions, heterogeneous calculation methods, and overreliance on proxy readiness indicators rather than verified environmental outcomes. In conclusion, the evaluative robustness depends on harmonization improvement, transparency, and causal interpretation, as well as compliance with the environmental regulations and alignment with the global GHG emissions reduction and decarbonization targets.

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APA Style:
Thitanon, B., Kim, J., Pham, T. T. L., & Nguyen, T. K. T. (2026). A review of green port indicators. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 287808. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.287808

MDPI Style:
Thitanon, B.; Kim, J.; Pham, T. T. L.; Nguyen, T. K. T. A review of green port indicators. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 287808. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.287808

Vancouver Style:
Thitanon B, Kim J, Pham TTL, Nguyen TKT. (2026). A review of green port indicators. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):287808. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.287808

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Highlights

This study reviews green port indicators’ evolution from pre-2021 to contemporary decarbonization-oriented indicators (2022 - present).
The indicators have shifted from pollution measures toward carbon accounting, electrification, and energy transition indicators, demonstrating sustainability, competitiveness, and system-level integration in port performance evaluation.
Port environmental evaluation has methodological challenges, including inconsistent system boundaries, attribution uncertainty, and comparisons across ports.
Harmonization and multi-level indicators strengthen benchmarking and sustainability governance in green port performance.

Maritime English for navigational watch officers: Textbook development

2026-06-29T20:51:34+07:00

This study addresses the lack of a dedicated Maritime English textbook for Navigational Watch Officers that is aligned with international maritime standards. The purpose of this research is to develop such a textbook and evaluate its validity, practicality, and effectiveness, guided by the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation model. The analysis phase identified a clear need for a curriculum and for lecturer and students’ workplace communication. In the Design phase, the textbook framework was aligned with IMO Model Course 3.17 and STCW requirements. During Development, three experts validated the textbook, and the results indicated strong content, media, and language validity (Aiken’s V ≥ 0.84). The textbook was implemented in a field trial with 80 Nautical Study Program students from Batch IX at Politeknik Pelayaran Sumatera Barat in two randomly assigned classes (experimental vs. control). Practicality was rated as “very practical” by students (80.65 %) and lecturers (87.0 %), suggesting that the textbook is clear, usable, and suitable for classroom instruction. For learning outcomes, ANCOVA showed that the experimental class outperformed the control class after controlling for pretest scores, and the adjusted mean of experimental class was higher than the control class. Pairwise comparisons also showed a significant difference in posttest scores in favor of the experimental class. Educationally, this indicates that the textbook successfully promotes practical, duty-specific Maritime English communication. However, because this trial was limited in duration and scope, these results serve as strong indicators of success rather than conclusive proof of long-term value. Future research should examine sustained use in broader settings.

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APA Style:
Riyadi, S., Mashartanto, A. A., Widiatmaja, A., Siska, S. Y., Yanti, M., & Erliyani, D. (2026). Maritime English for navigational watch officers: Textbook development. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 289095. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.289095

MDPI Style:
Riyadi, S.; Mashartanto, A. A.; Widiatmaja, A.; Siska, S. Y.; Yanti, M.; Erliyani, D. Maritime English for navigational watch officers: Textbook development. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 289095. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.289095

Vancouver Style:
Riyadi S, Mashartanto AA, Widiatmaja A, Siska SY, Yanti M, Erliyani D. (2026). Maritime English for navigational watch officers: Textbook development. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):289095. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.289095

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Highlights

This study developed a standards-aligned Maritime English textbook for navigational watch officers by using systematic ADDIE model.
The maritime English textbook has integrated IMO Model Course 3.17, SMCP, and STCW into authentic bridge communication tasks.
The textbook has structured units around real-world navigational scenarios and task-based language practice.
This study has demonstrated high validity and practicality based on expert, lecturer, and students evaluation.
The research has shown that textbook-supported instruction has greater gains than conventional instruction.

Human factor in maritime accidents and related analyzing methods: A bibliometric review

2026-05-04T13:30:36+07:00

Although there has been significant progress in technology, the human factor remains a key contributor to marine accidents. To shed light on the academic perspective regarding the marine accident-human factor pairing, this study aims to clarify and present intellectual structure via bibliometric analysis. Furthermore, a detailed investigation was implemented using the studies from the last 5 years to better understand emerging trends for the human factor in marine accidents. The results reveal that China and Türkiye are the most productive countries in this field and that institutions and authors from these countries are at the forefront. Especially in recent years, it has been observed that the ‘autonomous ship’ phenomenon has attracted great attention and has become one of the trending topics. In addition to bibliometric analysis, methodological trends were identified by analyzing relevant studies from the last five years. The findings indicate that statistical methods, Bayesian networks, fuzzy logic, SLIM, and HFACS are the most commonly employed methodologies. It is also found that there is a significant trend towards adopting hybrid approaches that integrate different methods to provide more comprehensive and reliable assessments. By combining bibliometric and systematic content analyses, this study clarifies the intellectual structure of the field and highlights current methodological trends.

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APA Style:
Cinar, F., Kaya, C., Akyuz, E., & Demirel, H. (2026). Human factor in maritime accidents and related analyzing methods: A bibliometric review. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 285640. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.285640

MDPI Style:
Cinar, F.; Kaya, C.; Akyuz, E.; Demirel, H. Human factor in maritime accidents and related analyzing methods: A bibliometric review. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 285640. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.285640

Vancouver Style:
Cinar F, Kaya C, Akyuz E, Demirel H. (2026). Human factor in maritime accidents and related analyzing methods: A bibliometric review. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):285640. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.285640

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Highlights

A bibliometric analysis is conducted for the role of human factor in maritime accidents.
A detailed evaluation of studies of the last 5 years is performed.
China and Türkiye are the most productive countries in the field.
Bayesian Networks are determined to be the most widely used methodology in the papers.
The ‘autonomous ship’ phenomenon has attracted great attention in recent years.

The impact of competing port management paradigms on consumer satisfaction: The case of truck drivers

2026-03-26T10:18:42+07:00

This study aims to examine the influence of competing port management paradigms- customer-oriented, stakeholder-oriented, and technology-oriented paradigms- on customer satisfaction. Operational outcomes, corporate image, and perceived port digitalization represent these paradigms. The empirical focus of this study is on truck drivers, the direct users of landside port services, at two major ports in Aceh Province. Based on a partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis of 150 respondents, two principal results can be formulated. First, operational outcomes have been proven to be the most significant determinant of customer satisfaction. Second, image (corporate responsibility) and perceived port digitalization (technology-driven port management) did not show a significant direct effect on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, these two variables actually had a significant negative effect on operational outcomes, which in turn had an indirect negative impact on customer satisfaction. The study highlights a contextual misalignment between techno-social and stakeholder- oriented port management strategies and the practical expectations of downstream logistics users.

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APA Style:
Mukhlis, Anggraini, R., Muttaqin, & Isya, M. (2026). The impact of competing port management paradigms on consumer satisfaction: The case of truck drivers. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 286449. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286449

MDPI Style:
Mukhlis; Anggraini, R.; Muttaqin; Isya, M. The impact of competing port management paradigms on consumer satisfaction: The case of truck drivers. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 286449. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286449

Vancouver Style:
Mukhlis, Anggraini R, Muttaqin, Isya M. (2026). The impact of competing port management paradigms on consumer satisfaction: The case of truck drivers. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):286449. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286449

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Highlights

Compares competing port management paradigms: customer-oriented (operational efficiency), stakeholder-oriented (corporate responsibility), and technology-oriented (digitalization), in shaping user satisfaction.
Identifies operational efficiency as the most dominant and significant driver of satisfaction among truck drivers as direct users of landside port services.
Reveals that corporate image and perceived digitalization do not directly enhance satisfaction, and instead exert negative indirect effects through reduced operational outcomes.
Demonstrates a misalignment between techno-social and stakeholder-oriented strategies and operational user expectations in developing port contexts.
Provides context-sensitive managerial insights for aligning port management strategies with the practical needs of downstream logistics actors.

Floating house for climate resilience: A systematic review of design platforms, hydrostatics, and stability

2026-05-01T09:43:42+07:00

Rising sea levels, increasingly frequent coastal flooding, and rapid shoreline urbanization demand housing that can adapt safely to changing water levels. This study aims to systematically review the literature on floating and amphibious housing, with particular emphasis on how platform typologies, hydrostatic behaviour, and stability performance influence residential habitability and climate resilience. Using a PRISMA-style systematic review approach, peer-reviewed English-language publications published between 2016 and 2025 were identified from Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 286 records were retrieved, screened, and assessed for eligibility, yielding 34 studies for the final synthesis. The findings are organized into four interconnected domains: platform typologies, materials, and modular design strategies; geometry-hydrostatics-buoyancy relationships; hydrodynamic response and mooring systems; and governance readiness, public acceptance, and service autonomy. The review shows that pontoon-based systems remain the most cost-effective and widely used option, but they often require additional motion-control measures and carefully designed shore interfaces to maintain comfort under wave and current exposure. Catamaran, semi-submersible, and amphibious hybrid systems generally offer better dynamic performance, though they entail greater technical complexity, higher costs, and greater regulatory demands. Overall, the review demonstrates that floating housing should be evaluated as a socio-technical system in which stability is not only a safety requirement but also a key determinant of long-term livability, scalability, and implementation feasibility.

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Cite this article:

APA Style:
Hadi, E. S., Budiarto, U., Samuel, Fathan, S. R., Ambarita, N. S., Hadi, M. R. C. P., Rindo, G., Chrismianto, D., & Zakki, A. F. (2026). Floating house for climate resilience: A systematic review of design platforms, hydrostatics, and stability. Maritime Technology and Research, 8(4), 286587. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286587

MDPI Style:
Hadi, E. S.; Budiarto, U.; Samuel; Fathan, S. R.; Ambarita, N. S.; Hadi, M. R. C. P.; Rindo, G.; Chrismianto, D.; Zakki, A. F. Floating house for climate resilience: A systematic review of design platforms, hydrostatics, and stability. Marit. Technol. Res. 2026, 8, 286587. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286587

Vancouver Style:
Hadi ES, Budiarto U, Samuel, Fathan SR, Ambarita NS, Hadi MRCP, Rindo G, Chrismianto D, Zakki AF. (2026). Floating house for climate resilience: A systematic review of design platforms, hydrostatics, and stability. Marit. Technol. Res. 8(4):286587. https://doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2026.286587

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Highlights

This review synthesizes floating housing design through hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and stability lenses.
Platform typology and modularity strongly affect buoyancy behavior and residential performance.
Geometry-driven hydrostatics emerge as a key determinant of stability and serviceability.
Mooring and motion-control strategies are central to safe and comfortable floating dwellings.
Governance readiness and infrastructure autonomy shape implementation feasibility.