https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR <p><strong>Objective</strong></p> <p>Oceans are important for humans. We have relied on them, extending from coasts to offshore zones. The sea is much more than just a “highway made of water” to transport goods and people. Coastal areas are valuable. Coastal protection and management are important for community development. Sustainable exploitations of oceanic resources while managing marine pollution are required. Understanding them is a foundation for the sustainable use of maritime resources. </p> <p> Maritime Technology and Research (MTR), is a peer-reviewed journal covering all areas of Maritime Technology. The MTR provides a forum for discussion of current issues, new ideas, and developments, as well as breakthroughs in coastal and oceanic arenas. The range of topics extends from coastal zone to deep ocean, including engineering, environment, logistics, as well as other management aspects.</p> en-US <p>Copyright: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</p> [email protected] (Cherdvong Saengsupavanich) [email protected] (Cherdvong Saengsupavanich) Fri, 01 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700 OJS 3.3.0.8 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268609 <p>The paper aims to mitigate financial risk in highly volatile shipping freight markets by employing a dynamic hedging model. The primary criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of various methods for estimating optimal hedge ratios through Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs) is the minimum variance hedging rule. Four different methods are utilized to estimate two types of hedge ratios. The first type, a static hedge ratio, is calculated using the OLS and ECM methods. The second type, a time-varying hedge ratio, is determined through a bivariate GARCH model and a Rolling Window OLS method. Additionally, the hedging effectiveness of the traditional method of hedging, time chartering, is compared to the more modern and sophisticated shipping derivatives methods using the coefficient of variation.</p> <p><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li>Estimating optimal hedge ratios through Forward Freight Agreements (FFAs) with the minimum variance hedging rule</li> <li>Four different methods are utilized to estimate two types of hedge ratios for static and dynamic hedging</li> <li>Assess the hedging effectiveness of the different methods of hedge ration estimation</li> <li>Compare the hedging effectiveness of the traditional method of hedging, time chartering, to the more modern and sophisticated shipping derivatives methods using the coefficient of variation</li> </ul> Michael Tsatsaronis Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268609 Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268718 <p>Human-environmental interaction is central to natural resources management. This interaction determines how the resource is utilized in a given cultural context. In Lake Tanganyika, evidence indicates a decline in fish catches. Despite this decline, fishers have demonstrated little motivation to leave fishing or diversify. A qualitative study was conducted to explore how identity influenced the phenomenon. Interviews, focus group discussions, and observation were employed to generate data. The findings of this study indicated that interactions between the fishing communities and the Lake generated identity, in which fishers came to identify themselves with the Lake. This identity shaped the fishing practices and influenced the motivation to not leave fishing or diversify. Strong attachment to the Lake and fishing activities contributed to little motivation to leave fishing or engage in other sources of livelihood, especially for old fishers. This was also the case for some young fishers in rural areas of the studied communities. This study concludes that considering how fishers identify with the resource is vital for developing future strategies to improve fisheries management. This may include options to expand.</p> <p><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li>Identity shapes and influences fishing practices</li> <li>How fishers identify themselves with fisheries resources influences their likelihood to diversify or leave fishing activity</li> <li>It is necessary to consider the role of identity in designing future fisheries management strategies</li> </ul> Gideon Bulengela Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268718 Mon, 11 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268911 <p>The domestic ferry sector is uniquely distinctive owing to its challenging navigation conditions and vulnerable accident records that have evoked endless calls for improving maritime safety. The recent adoption of IMO model safety regulations offers viable options for the Member States to standardize incorporation into national law. The operations of domestic ferries range from very large vessels with freight to small craft, which are often the only transport means for a large population of commuters in the developing world. The flexibility of domestic ferries is appealing; on the other hand, their operations are a challenge to handle, raising the need to identify those challenges that are incompatible with smooth operations and business opportunities. The maritime industry, specifically regarding domestic ferry operations, confronts multilayered challenges with direct implications on accident prevention and operational safety that necessitate a thorough analysis for a comprehensive understanding. This study explores five categories, namely, operations, technology and innovations, the human element, policy and regulation, and economics, recognized as pivotal to improving maritime safety. Our content analysis identifies the comprehensive taxonomies, that explain the current challenges and practical opportunities faced by the sector and which are notably lacking, urging efficient tenacity to ensure sustainable domestic ferry operations. The primary objective was to enhance safety standards, promoting sustainable shipping for all stakeholders involved. This study has identified 28 challenges and 90 opportunities, providing a significant pathway for sustainable decision-making that also adds value to the safety of the stakeholders. This study is expected to explore novel and fertile future research areas to promote scholarly discussion in the domestic ferry sector.</p> <p><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Policy deficiency</strong> - Recognition of inadequate policy frameworks for domestic ferry operations in developing nations, necessitating immediate alignment with international safety standards</li> <li><strong>Governance strengthening</strong> - There is an swift need for strong governance structures to address deficiencies in policy formulation, regulatory enforcement, and operational practices, ensuring effective safety oversight</li> <li><strong>Standardization challenges</strong> - The absence of standardized definitions and categorizations hampers the development of uniform safety regulations within the domestic ferry sector</li> <li><strong>Capacity building </strong>- Continuous training programs are necessary to foster a safety-conscious culture among the domestic ferry workforce</li> <li><strong>Policy adaptation</strong> - Policies must adapt to technological advancements, and collaboration with international bodies is vital for enhancing safety standards within the domestic ferry sector</li> </ul> Mirza Zeeshan Baig, Khanssa Lagdami, Maximo Q. Mejia Jr. Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268911 Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/267638 <p>Drones- Unmanned Aerial vehicles (UAVs)- have become more significant across the world for a wide range of commercial and terrestrial defense applications in recent years. The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)- Ministry of Earth Sciences (MOES)- is exploring UAVs with a specific focus on maritime applications. NIOT has customized a heavy lift category drone, operable in marine environments and capable of withstanding coastal wind conditions of up to 40 kmph. It can lift and carry an instrumentation payload of 10 kg, conduct ocean data collection, and even take seawater samplings. The 10 kg payload of the UAV might hold a Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) sensor, a programmable sea water sampler, and a multi-parameter sensor (MPS) for ocean data collections, and a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) device integrated with a high frame rate camera system for coastal mapping and digital elevation model (DEM) developmental applications. The customized hexacopter UAV is capable of withstanding winds of up to 10 m/s and features a waterproof IPX7 thruster with a maximum thrust of 153 N per axis. The UAV system is also interfaced with a Global Positioning System (GPS), a barometric pressure sensor, a compass, a highly accurate gyroscope, a 15 MP surveillance camera, and an accelerometer sensor connected to a reliable cube orange flight controller module with a redundant 32-bit controller through a serial peripheral interface (SPI). The drone structure and frame is composed of carbon fiber composites to provide an excellent weight-to-strength ratio. This paper presents the outcomes of an initial field test, carried out to ensure the drone’s suitability for various marine applications with intended payloads ranging from 5 - 10 kg weight, including coastal demonstrations and ocean data collections performed at Nellore (Andra Pradesh) and Chennai (Tamil Nadu) coastal waters.</p> <p><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li>A drone is customised to with stand elevated wind conditions of coastal regions</li> <li>Design is fully flexible meeting the ease of transport from one location to other</li> <li>Highly stable mechanical design to sustain winds of up to 45 KMPH</li> <li>Redundant flight control mechanism is evolved to assure fail safe operations of drone</li> <li>Drone built in with redundant GPS module to avoid scenario like NO Geo-reference at any time</li> <li>Design is type certified and UIN registered with DGCA - India</li> </ul> Srinivasan Rangan, Yuvaraj Shanmugam, Gowthaman Valluvan, Thamarai Prakash Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/267638 Mon, 22 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268423 <p>The study aims to develop requirements for handling waste and hazardous materials at green ship recycling facilities in Indonesia. Since the implementation of the cabotage principle in 2005, the number of ships in Indonesia has increased significantly from 6,041 in 2005 to 37,722 in 2022, with 20 percent of them being over 30 years old. This creates a significant potential for ships that are no longer economically suitable for operation and need to be recycled. Additionally, there has been a continuous increase in domestic steel demand, for which raw materials could be supplied from the scrapped steel of old ships. Despite the abundance of old ships and the demand for steel, Indonesia has not been able to utilize the opportunity, because the ship recycling industry is far from compliant with the required international standards, in particular the Hong Kong Convention, and which compliance is urgently needed, especially in conjunction with the its upcoming entering into force on 26 June 2025. Ship recycling facilities in Indonesia are still behind concerning the handling of waste and hazardous materials, which is a crucial aspect in complying with international regulations. A literature study and in-depth discussions with experts in the field of ship recycling were carried out to compare the international regulations related to ship recycling with current Indonesian conditions and, based on the findings, the requirements for handling waste and hazardous materials were developed. It is concluded that the procedure would include planning for ship recycling process flow, identifying waste and hazardous materials, and deciding requirements for handling waste and hazardous materials. It is expected that the requirements would contribute to the development of Indonesia’s ship recycling industry to comply with the international regulations and gain international recognition.</p> <p><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li>The ship recycling industry in Indonesia still lacks references regarding handling waste and hazardous materials</li> <li>Handling waste and hazardous materials is crucial in ship recycling activities</li> <li>Hong Kong Convention emphasizes the handling of hazardous substances and other materials in its definition of Green Ship Recycling</li> <li>Green ship recycling pays more attention to the safety and health of workers, as well as the environmental effects that arise during the ship recycling process</li> <li>Hazardous materials are classified into 3 categories: solid, liquid, and others, and each category requires a special handling method</li> </ul> Arinta Elizabeth, Sharon Cecilya, Sunaryo Sunaryo Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/268423 Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0700 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/267954 <p class="mb-25" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">An estimation of the resistance acting on a manned submersible can be performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The resistance force acting on a vehicle can be steady state or transient state drag. Steady state drag comes when a vehicle moves at a constant velocity but drag value increases or decreases when the vehicle accelerates or decelerates. Transient state drag acts on a vehicle when velocity changes. The addition or reduction in drag value is due to the added mass. This paper discusses two CFD approaches to calculate longitudinal added mass. The second CFD method is preferred due to the inaccuracy and assumptions involved in the first method. The preferred CFD method can be used to obtain the added mass for both standard shapes, as well as for complicated geometries like manned submersibles. The drag and added mass of the ellipsoid are calculated using CFD and compared with analytical and experimental results for validation. Additionally, an acceleration sensitivity study indicates that added mass is independent of acceleration. CFD methods proposed here are simple and time-efficient. By using this method, a submersible’s added mass can be calculated without employing expensive experimental methods or other CFD methods.</p> <p class="mb-25" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li>A vehicle’s steady-state drag develops when moving at constant velocity, but the amount of drag increases or decreases when accelerating or decelerating</li> <li>The CFD method can be used to obtain the added mass of more complicated geometries like manned submersibles and standard shapes like spheres and cylinders</li> <li>An acceleration sensitivity study indicates that added mass is independent of acceleration</li> </ul> Rahul Bharti, Bhaskaran Pranesh, Dharmaraj Sathianarayanan, Manickavasagam Palaniappan, Gidugu Ananda Ramadass Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/267954 Sat, 03 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/269212 <p>The Long-Tail Boat (LTB) is a high-speed boat in Thailand. The propulsive system has a long-drive shaft that holds the propeller on the end of the shaft. It is used under inclined shaft conditions because of shallow water draft. Thus, the fluid flow into the propeller blade area is unsteady due to the cross-flow component. Therefore, the long-drive shaft is an important parameter in generating the flow field before entering the propeller blades, which affects propeller efficiency. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the flow field around a long-drive shaft and propeller blade areas in a full-scale propeller size using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. The unsteady propeller performance is carried out by considering inclined flow conditions. In addition, the computational results of fluid flow in terms of the pressure distributions and wake fields around a long-drive shaft and propeller are investigated, which influence the propeller performance and the generating drag forces by a long-drive shaft. The results can be applied to modify the long-drive shaft of boats.</p> <p><strong>Highlights</strong></p> <ul> <li>The Long-Tail Boat (LTB) is a local vessel in Thailand that has a high speed</li> <li>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS Fluent to study the effect of a long-drive shaft propeller with inclined shaft angles</li> <li>The long-drive shaft should be designed in suitable for operating the inclined shaft conditions because it will directly affect the propeller efficiency</li> </ul> Prachakon Kaewkhiaw Copyright (c) 2024 Maritime Technology and Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/MTR/article/view/269212 Thu, 15 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700