Journal of the Association of Researchers

Democratization in Thailand

Sun, 23 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Review article has studied that Thailand is governed by an Absolute Monarchy until 1932. Afterward, it has been governed by democracy till nowadays. In terms of Political Science, democracy is accepted as the best system to change the worst situation of a country into a better situation. Democracy has been using more than 80 years to develop the country. However, it has been stuck due to several problems to block the development of a democratic system. The concept of democratization in Thailand should be the indicator to lead a country to the developed situation. It is that 1) No buying rights and selling vote, 2) Anti-corruption, 3) No promoting of the patronage system, 4) Anti-Cronyism, 5) Following the system of good governance, 6) Using the legal proceedings to punish the criminal, and lastly 7) making a promise to the mutual declaration to protect democracy. In the long journey of democracy, the people of the country must practice tolerance to support democracy terms by terms. Meanwhile respecting the rule and following the law of democracy including not breaking the procedure is an important factor in democratizing a country into a developed situation like other countries.

Global Warming: A Severe Threat Driven by Industrial Era

Monnapa Thapsut, Kanidta Chairattanawan — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The current state of global warming has escalated to the point where it has significantly altered the Earth's climate, leading to extreme weather events. These events include heatwaves, prolonged droughts, rampant wildfires, sudden heavy rainfall, and intense storms, all of which pose severe threats to natural ecosystems and human survival. In light of these developments, this article aims to present knowledge about global warming in three main aspects: 1) Causes of global warming problems, 2) Effects of global warming problems, and 3) Guidelines for solving global warming problems. Research findings indicate that the primary cause of global warming stems from human activities, particularly industrial processes that emit various greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide. These gases act as the main drivers of the problem by disrupting the natural balance of the atmosphere, leading to an excessive greenhouse effect. Consequently, the Earth's surface temperature has risen abnormally, resulting in global warming. The impacts of global warming are evident in changes to the climate and rapid melting of polar ice, which, in turn, contribute to various crises threatening all forms of life. Mitigation strategies involve reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and eliminating sources of carbon dioxide emissions, which would alleviate the severity of global warming and foster sustainable societies.

Local government according to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand B.E. 2560

Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Local government organizations are government agencies established according to the principles of decentralization. This is the principle that the government has given some administrative authority to local government organizations in providing public services. To meet the needs or to solve the problems of the people in that locality. By requiring local government organizations to have personnel budget and have independent authority in management Both in terms of economic development, laying down public utility systems and public facilities, providing services and social welfare under government supervision. Currently, there are 2 forms of local government: the first form is the general form of local government. There are 3 forms: Provincial Administrative Organization (PAO), Municipality (Nakhon Municipality, City Municipality, and Subdistrict Municipality) and Subdistrict Administrative Organization (Subdistrict Administrative Organization). The second form is a special form of local government. There are two forms: Bangkok (Bangkok) and Pattaya. As of 2023, Thailand has a total of 7,850 local government organizations. According to the 2017 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, the origins of Local council members must be elected. As for local administrators, they are elected or approved by the local council. Except for the special form of local government organization, it can be obtained by other means as provided by law, but must take into account the participation of the people in the area. In order for local government to be in accordance with the constitution, later in the year 2019, 6 acts regarding local laws were promulgated. All 6 local laws have the essence of specifying the qualifications and prohibited characteristics of candidates for local elections. to match By adhering to the Act on Election of Local Council Members or Local Administrators, B.E. 2002, amended to (No. 3) B.E. 2011.

Climate Changes: Challenges and Opportunities for Thai Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Sakda Siriphattrasophon — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The current intensification of climate change poses new threats and risks, particularly in the formulation of trade and investment protection policies that prioritize environmental conservation. While medium and small-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand are crucial for the country's economic and social stability, they face various limitations in adapting to survive. This article therefore examines Thailand's role as a signatory to international agreements addressing climate change and its commitments to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It explores Thailand's policies and strategies to cope with climate change, their impacts on international trade, and the challenges and opportunities for Thai SMEs. The study reveals a low level of awareness among SME operators regarding the impact of climate change, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts among the government, relevant agencies, and SMEs themselves to foster SMART business practices and supportive policies. This aims for Thailand's sustainable development in line with the national strategic plan by presenting measures to promote and develop medium and small-sized enterprises to adapt and compete for the country's enduring stability and development.

The Quality of life of The Elderly in Paikang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Banmho, Saraburi Province

preeyaporn boonpeng, Waraporn Subruangthong, Wasita Kerdphol Prasopsak — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to 1) study the quality of life of the elderly in the Phai Khwang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Mo District, Saraburi Province. 2) compare the quality of life of the elderly in the Phai Khwang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Mo District, Saraburi Province. Classified by personal data factors The sample group used in the research included 238 elderly people living in the district. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a reliability of .848. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and one. way ANOVA, tested in pairs using the L.S.D. method. The results of the study found that: 1) Elderly people in the Phai Khwang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Mo District, Saraburi Province have a high level of quality of life in the following order: environmental aspect, psychological aspect, relationship aspect. Social and physical aspects 2) Results of a comparative study of the quality of life of the elderly in the Phai Khwang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ban Mo District, Saraburi Province, classified by gender and number of family members. There is a statistical significant difference at the .05 level classified by age group. and sufficiency of income They are significantly different at the .05 level and are classified according to occupation/employment. Family structure characteristics Member of the Elderly Club and debt burden Not significantly different. Relevant agencies should survey and create a database. Elderly people who are left alone Elderly people who are left alone to care for their children Care plans are made in collaboration with community leaders. and various volunteers in the community to care for and prevent problems that may occur to the elderly, such as problems of abuse and temptation.

Service quality and satisfaction of using the service that affect the use of repeat services. of Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited. BTS Skytrain

Anthika Prasartsilp, Sompon Thungwha — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purposes of this research article are to 1) study the behavior of users using the BTS Skytrain service 2) study the service quality of the BTS Skytrain 3) study satisfaction with the service of the BTS Skytrain 4) study the repeated use of the service by BTS Skytrain users 5) Compare the repeated use of the BTS Skytrain service according to the personal factors of users. 6) Study the quality of service and satisfaction in using the service that affect the repeat use of the BTS Skytrain service users. The sample group used in this research 420 users of the BTS Skytrain are quantitative research. Using a questionnaire as a tool to collect data. Statistics used to analyze data Descriptive statistics were used including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. and use inferential statistics, namely t-Test, One-Way ANOVA and multiple regression. The research results found that Personal factors including gender, age, status, education level, occupation, average monthly income. of different users of the BTS Skytrain There are repeated uses of the service, with a statistical significance of 0.05. Service quality includes reliability and trust in the service. and the concreteness of services Affects repeat service use by BTS Skytrain users with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. Satisfaction with service includes the aspect of providing service progressively. and continuous service Affects repeat use of the BTS service by users of the BTS Skytrain with statistical significance at the 0.05 level.

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Employees of The Office of Insurance Commission

Nicharee Hansawangsin, Pornlapas Suwannarat — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

From the current situation, this causes every organization to adapt itself in response to the changing environment. One of the most important factors in the work process is human resources. Because human resources can develop themselves at any time; this could help to increase the efficiency of work and eventually obtain the organizational goals of every organization. Ultimately, human resource management is a very important factor in every organization. However, at present, there are still problems with the efficiency and job satisfaction of employees, which prevents the ability to bring out the employees' potential at a full efficient level. The research team is therefore interested in studying various factors that affect employees' job satisfaction since employee satisfaction will allow employees to work efficiently and effectively. The researcher collected data from 300 employees of the Office of the Insurance Commission. The research tool used was a questionnaire and statistics used in data analysis include mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. From the research results, it was found that hygiene factors in the dimensions of employee compensation, job security, operating environment, and commanding of leaders, and motivating factors in the aspects of work success, responsibility, work esteem and recognition, and opportunities for growth and advancement affect job satisfaction of the employees of the Office of the Insurance Commission. Other organizations with similar operating models may apply the results and suggestions from this research to their organizations in order to enable employees to work more efficiently and finally to achieve the organization's goals.

A Study of Adversity Quotient in Pursuing a Master’s Degree of Teachers in Mahachai Christian Wittaya School: Multi- Case Studies

Wirunda Meetup, Arthit Intakaew — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

To further study at graduate levels of teachers is counted as a career path and professional development. This also promotes their teaching and learning management as well as an achievement of students in schools. However, teachers encounter adversity quotient and obstacles in pursuing their graduate degrees because they need to study and work at the same time. This qualitative study aimed to deeply understand the phenomenon of adversity quotient of teachers at Mahachai Christian Wittaya School in pursuing a master’s degree. Five key informants were recruited which were consisted of a school administrator, a teacher as a head of the department, and teachers. A purposive selection was used to carefully recruit teachers who are studying at the graduate levels and teaching at schools simultaneously. The research instruments were the interview and observation forms. Thematic analysis was used to analyzed qualitative data. Trustworthiness was also employed to ensure the credibility of the findings. The results revealed that there were five challenges, or adversity quotient of teachers in pursuing their graduate degrees: (1) their learning in a graduate level, (2) their physical and psychological wellbeing, (3) conducting research as a requirement of a study, (4) balancing their learning and working at schools simultaneously, (5) maintaining and compromising their relationship with others in schools. The information and findings of this study were beneficial for school administrators, leaders, HR professionals and stake holders in proposing a guideline of managing and facilitating teachers in schools to pursue their higher degree as a part of their professional development.

Purchasing Behavior and Marketing Factors Affecting Success in Thai herbal Products Business

Pramote Anusornwiriyakul — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Characteristics of behavior in purchasing Thai herbal products. Consumers have many behaviors, consisting of the average cost per purchase. Brand selection Characteristics of Thai herbal products purchased and the purpose of purchasing Thai herbal products, respectively. Marketing factors for the Thai herbal product business that consumers attach great importance to include product, price, and distribution channels. and marketing promotion respectively Behavioral characteristics of buying herbal products are highly related to marketing factors of Thai herbal products business. Product side, price side, distribution channel side and marketing promotion, respectively. Marketing factors for Thai herbal product business Consisting of products, prices, marketing promotions, and distribution channels. In order, these factors together predict the success path in the Thai herbal product business at 60.4 percent with statistical significance at the .05 level. Benefits from research That is new innovation is a guideline for success in running a Thai herbal product business. Guidance for success in operating a Thai herbal product business, knowledge found Marketing factors for Thai herbal product business Consisting of the product side, paying attention to and improving products to respond to consumer needs in various areas. In terms of price, attention should be paid to and improvement of pricing that is appropriate for quality and quantity. Prices consistent with target customers In terms of marketing promotion, attention should be paid to and improvement of advertisements. Public relations through online media and in terms of distribution channels, attention should be given to improving distribution channels through convenience stores. Sold through many channels: Omni Chanel, sold through stores, pharmacies, and herbal shops. and sold directly by personnel

Guideline of the Development of Functional Competency and Motivation of Security Officer at Suvarnabhumi Airport

Rattanaporn Naklang, Meechai Sricharoen — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to 1) examine the competencies and motivations of the security officer at Suvarnabhumi Airport and 2) explore guidelines for developing the competencies and motivations of the security officer at Suvarnabhumi Airport through mixed-methods research. The sample groups consist of 280 security officers and 15 key informants. Research tools include questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis includes percentages, frequencies, averages, standard deviations, t-tests, and triangulation. The research findings are that 1) Most security officers demonstrate high competency levels overall. 2) Most security officers demonstrate high motivation levels overall. 3) Guidelines for developing work competencies among security officers suggest the need for training to enhance their knowledge, focusing on necessary job skills, developing emotional stability, and incorporating technology. 4) Guidelines for developing motivation in the work duties of security officers suggest providing opportunities for learning and skill development, acknowledging good performance, providing clear understanding and direct support, specifying responsibilities clearly to enable officers to perform to their full potential, offering opportunities for growth and career development to enable officers to specialize in their field, reviewing compensation to enhance enthusiasm in work, and creating a happy and understanding atmosphere to help reinforce stress management skills.

Business Potential Development for Bann Mai Thai Phuan Hand Woven Fabric Community Enterprise in Nakhon Nayok Province

Orramon Panthong, Suban Buakhao, Rattikorn Jitkraisorn — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study the problems of business operation together with analyzing relevant environments and proposing the guidelines of business potential development for Bann Mai Thai Phuan hand woven fabric community enterprise. The research design was mixed-method combining qualitative and quantitative research. The target of qualitative research comprised the community enterprise’s manufacturers and consumers who purchased together with who never purchased the products. The data was collected by in-depth interviews and focus group with 26 informants. Quantitative research was conducted with 208 consumers in order to survey opinions and satisfaction by questionnaires. The finding revealed that the enterprise had encountered production problem due to insufficient production capacity. For financial problem, the members lacked of working capital. The problems in marketing management were that the members lacked of knowledge and skills in marketing including they could not provide a variety of product. The distribution channel was limited and marketing promotion was undertaken very sparely. According to external environment analysis, it was found that the opportunities consisted of supporting government policies, tremendous market demands as well as social and cultural circumstances in the way that Thai Phuan fabric had been accepted to be Nakhon Nayok province’s cultural identity. In case of threats for the enterprise, there were economic recession leading to significant decline of purchasing power including change of social values and culture circumstance that resulted scarcity of young generation to inherit the business. According to competition, other competitors had offered more various products with lower price. The guidelines of business potential development are proposed particularly short-term and long-term strategies related to production and operation including financial and marketing management.

Strategic Planning, Roles and New Challenges Of Event Marketing Under Business Transformation In the Digital Era

Pariya Ahluwalia — Thu, 06 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objectives of this research were to study strategic planning, the role of event marketing in the digital age, and study new challenges of event marketing under business transformation in the digital age. It was qualitative research using documentary research, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The key informants were 44 public relations professionals in government and private sector organizations with experience in event marketing. It can be concluded that event marketing strategic planning has 8 steps as follows: determining objectives, targeting, timing, budget, design, media and activities, communicating issues, sequencing and evaluating the role of event marketing in the digital age. The findings revealed that event marketing has a vital role to play in the business of organizations such as organizing contests, organizing celebrations, providing patronage or support, organizing business opening days, displaying work and exhibitions, and trade shows. New challenges of event marketing under business transformation in the digital age revealed that organizations should integrate various event marketing and learn how to manage online event marketing, especially, enhancing knowledge about innovations in activity marketing.