Particle AN (أنْ) in Subordinate Clause in Arabic: A path of change
Keywords:
Arabic language, complementizer, subordinate clauseAbstract
This article aims to analyze the development of particle AN (أنْ) in Arabic subordinate clauses. This is because the previous analytical frameworks, both in Arabic traditional grammar and modern standards Arabic, are still non-systematic. Therefore, the author tries to present the development stages of the particle AN. It began as a variant in pre-classical Arabic complex sentences. Later, it became a nominalizer in classical Arabic, then a complementizer in modern standard Arabic, and eventually, a new automation or chunk by merging with high frequent co-occurrence verbs and prepositions. These development stages can explain the fossilized forms during the former development stages that cause non-systematic frameworks seen in previous analyses.
References
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Persson, M. (1999). Semantic Consideration in the Sytactics Structures of Complement Clauses in Modern Standard Arabic. In Y. Suleiman (Ed.) Arabic Grammar and Linguistics. Oxon: Routledge, p. 182-202.
Post, M. W. (2011). Nominalization and nominalization-based constructions in Galo. Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives. K. G.-H. Foong Ha Yap, Janick Wrona (Eds). Amsterdam / Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 255-288.
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Reckendorf, H. (1921). Arabische Syntax. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung.
Ryding, K. C. (2005). A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sadan, A. (2012) The Subjunctive Mood in Arabic Grammatical Thought. Brill: Leiden-boston Schulz, E. (2004). A Student Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Shlonsky, U. (1996). Remarks on the Complementizer Layer of Standard Arabic. Research in Afroasiatic Grammar: Papers from the Third conference on Afroasiatic Languages, Sophia Antipolis, 1996, p. 325–343
Simpson, A. (2008). The grammaticalization of clausal nominalizers in Burmese. Rethinking Grammaticalization: New perspectives. In M. J. L.-C. E. Seoane(Ed.). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 265-288.
Testen, D. (1994): On the development of the Arabic subjunctive. Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics: Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics. Eds. Eid, M., Cantarino, V. and Walters, K. Columbus, Ohio. Vol. 6 p. 151-166.
Wright, W. (1996). A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
Yap, F. H., Matthews, S. (2008). The development of nominalizers in East Asian and Tibeto-Burman languages. Rethinking grammaticalization: New perspectives. In María José López-Couso & Elena Seoane (eds.), Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. p. 309-341.
Yoon, J. H. S. (1991). Korean nominalizations, lexicalism, and morphosyntactic interface. Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois.
Abu-chacra, F. (2007). Arabic: An Essential Grammar. Oxon: Routledge.
Al-ghaylāyyinī, M.(2003). Jāmiʿa l-durūs l-ʿaarabīyah. Al-maktabat al-assrya: Sidon-Beirut.
Anghelescu, N. (1999). Modalities and Grammaticalization in Arabic. In Y. Suleiman (Eds.), Arabic Grammar and Linguistics. Oxon: Routledge p. 107-142
Aoun J. E., Choueiri L. & Benmamoun E. (2010). The Syntax of Arabic. London: Cambridge University Press.
Ayed, H. B. (2003). Mood and functional projections. Ph.D. diss., McGill University.
Badawi, A. E. E.-S. M. (1996). Understanding Arabic Essays in Contemporary Arabic Linguistics in Honor of El-Said M. Badawi. Cairo: the American University in Cairo Press
Belnap, R. K. (1986) Grammar, Style and Discourse: An Empirical Look at Modern Satandard Arabic Complementation in the Newspaper, Al-Ahram. Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium: 12 (1), Article 5.
Bybee, J. (2003). Mechanisms of Change in Grammaticalization: The Role of Frequency. In B. D. Joseph & R. D. Janda (Eds.), The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. (pp. 602-623). USA: Blackwell Publishing.
Bybee, J. (2007). Sequentiality as the Basis of Constituent Structure. In J. Bybee (Ed.), Frequency of Use and the Organization of Language (pp. 313-335). New York: Oxford University Press.
Cantarino, V. (1975). Syntax of modern Arabic prose. Bloomington / London: Indiana University Press
Dar l-maʿrifah, Al-Quran l-kareem. (2000). Rakābi wa Naḍr Publishing: Damascus-Syria.
Dixon, R. M. W. (2006). Complement Clauses and Complementation Strategies in Typological Perspective. Complementation: A Cross-Linguistic Typology, . A. Y. A. R. M. W. DIXON. New York: Oxford University Press.
Fischer, W. (1972). Perioden: “Die Perioden des klassischen Arabisch”. In: Abr Nahrain XII. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 15–18.
Fischer, W. (1978). “Dass-Sätze mit AN und ANNA In: Zeitschrift für arabische Linguistik .I Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 24–31.
Genetti, C. (2011). Nominalization in Tibeto-Burman languages of the Himalayan area: A typological perspective. Nominalization in Asian languages: diachronic and typological perpsectives. K. G.-H. Foong Ha Yap, Janick Wrona, p. 163-194.
Grunow-Harsta, K. (2011) Innovation in nominalization in Magar, a Tibeto-Burman language of Nepal. Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives. K. G.-H. Foong Ha Yap, Janick Wrona. Amsterdam / Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 215-254.
Haywood, J. A. & Nahmad, H. M. (1965). A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Languge. London: Lund Humphries.
Holes, C. (2004). Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Ibn ʿaqīl, B. ʿA. (2002). sharḥ Ibn ʿaqīl. Vol.2. Al-maktabat al-assrya: Sidon-Beirut.
Ibn l-ḥājib, R.M. (1998). Sharḥ ibn l-ḥājib. Vol.4. Dar al-Kotob al-ilmiyah-Beirut: Lebanon.
Ibn hishām, Abdullah jamāluddīn. (2005) Mughī l-labīb ʿan kutub l-aʿārīb. Dār l-ṭalāʾiʿ: Cairo
Ibn l-sarrāj, muḥammad ibn sahl. (1999). l-uṣūl fī l-naḥw. Vol.2 Al-risalah plublisher: Lebanon-Beirut.
l-dasūqī, Musṭāfā Muḥammad. (2000). ḥāshiyah l-dasūqī ʽalā mughnī l-labīb. Vol.1. Dar al-Kotob al-ilmiyah-Beirut: Lebanon.
Lichtenberk, F. (2011). Nominalizations in Toqabaqita and closely related languages. Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives. K. G.-H. Foong Ha Yap, Janick Wrona. Amsterdam / Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 685-720
Moran, W.L. (1960) Early Canaanite yaqtula. Orientalia, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1-19
Naknawa, D. (2017). The Proportion of Occurrences of Templatic Maṣdar and Periphrastic Maṣdarin Modern Standard Arabic: A Diachronic Study. Humanities Journal. No.24, Vol.1 (January-June), Kasetsart University. p. 327-374.
Noonan, M. (2006). Complement Clause. Encyclopedia of Linguistics. E. K. Brown, R. E. Asher, J. M. Y. Simpson. Elsevier. 2, p. 694-967
Noonan, M. (2011) Aspects of the Historical Development of Nominalizers in the Tamangic Languages. Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and Typological Perspectives. K. G.-H. Foong Ha Yap, Janick Wrona (Eds). Amsterdam / Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 195-214.
Office of the Royal Society, (2017). Dictionary of Linguistic Terms (General Linguistics). Bangkok: Art Department.
Persson, M. (1999). Semantic Consideration in the Sytactics Structures of Complement Clauses in Modern Standard Arabic. In Y. Suleiman (Ed.) Arabic Grammar and Linguistics. Oxon: Routledge, p. 182-202.
Post, M. W. (2011). Nominalization and nominalization-based constructions in Galo. Nominalization in Asian Languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives. K. G.-H. Foong Ha Yap, Janick Wrona (Eds). Amsterdam / Philadelphia, John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 255-288.
Rabin, C. (1951) Ancient West-Arabian: A Study of the Dialects of the Western Highlands of Arabia in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries A.D. London: Taylor’s Foreign Press.
Reckendorf, H. (1921). Arabische Syntax. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung.
Ryding, K. C. (2005). A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Sadan, A. (2012) The Subjunctive Mood in Arabic Grammatical Thought. Brill: Leiden-boston Schulz, E. (2004). A Student Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Shlonsky, U. (1996). Remarks on the Complementizer Layer of Standard Arabic. Research in Afroasiatic Grammar: Papers from the Third conference on Afroasiatic Languages, Sophia Antipolis, 1996, p. 325–343
Simpson, A. (2008). The grammaticalization of clausal nominalizers in Burmese. Rethinking Grammaticalization: New perspectives. In M. J. L.-C. E. Seoane(Ed.). Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, p. 265-288.
Testen, D. (1994): On the development of the Arabic subjunctive. Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics: Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics. Eds. Eid, M., Cantarino, V. and Walters, K. Columbus, Ohio. Vol. 6 p. 151-166.
Wright, W. (1996). A Grammar of the Arabic Language. Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
Yap, F. H., Matthews, S. (2008). The development of nominalizers in East Asian and Tibeto-Burman languages. Rethinking grammaticalization: New perspectives. In María José López-Couso & Elena Seoane (eds.), Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. p. 309-341.
Yoon, J. H. S. (1991). Korean nominalizations, lexicalism, and morphosyntactic interface. Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois.
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Published
2021-06-07
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Naknawa, D. (2021). Particle AN (أنْ) in Subordinate Clause in Arabic: A path of change. Journal of the Faculty of Arts, Silpakorn University, 43(1), 89–104. Retrieved from https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jasu/article/view/252041
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