JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN TECHNOLOGY

From Environmental Crisis to Security Concerns: Examining the Threats Posed by Climate Migrants in China

Kasina Sundhagul — 2025-07-31

In recent years, the issue of climate change has increasingly become a topic of discussion. Among the many impacts of climate change, one less-discussed issue is that of “climate migrants.” Currently, no consensus has been reached regarding the definition of this term, and thus no agreements or frameworks have been established on how to deal with them. However, in China, there is undeniably a significant number of people forced to migrate in the context of climate change and disasters. In recent years, the Inner Mongolia area has faced severe snowstorms, sand storms, and locust disasters. Coastal areas, like Shanghai, have been exposed to floods and typhoons, while other regions are combating extreme heatwaves. Climate-induced migrants in China have heightened the total number of internal migrants in the country, causing copious internal displacement. This emerging trend is becoming a growing cause of concern, especially with the prognostication of continuous environmental deterioration to come. With this in mind, this paper examines the threats posed by the rapidly increasing number of climate-induced migrants in China. By examining the case of China as an example, this paper aims to encourage a collective drive toward devising comprehensive strategies to address this pressing issue. Since the root cause of climate migration stems from the progressing deterioration of our shared global resource-our planet-it has the potential to affect every country in the world. Without effective management, an issue that currently remains internal and domestic holds the potential escalate into a global crisis.

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ประวิตรี ดุกทอง — 2025-07-31

Integrated Management on the Potential of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province Towards Becoming a MICE City

Angkane Boonkerd — 2025-07-31

This study on integrated management of the potential in transforming Prachuap Khiri Khan Province has three aims: to assess its potential to become a MICE city, identify related factors in the integrated management of this potential, and propose guidelines for integrated management in its development toward becoming a MICE city. This qualitative research employs interviews as the primary method for gathering data from stakeholders engaged in the transformation of Prachuap Khiri Khan Province into a MICE city. The sample consists of 15 participants from three groups: the public sector; the private sector; and the local community. Data from in-depth interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis to explore the management of the integrated management of the province’s potential in its pursuit of becoming a MICE city. The research findings revealed the assessment of the province’s potential in several key areas. First, in terms of its city accessibility, it serves as a central hub connecting the central and southern regions of Thailand. Second, in terms of regional support for MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) event management, there is a lack of collaboration between host cities and other relevant agencies in organizing MICE events. Third, as for additional activities apart from regular meetings, it has the strength in offering diverse tourism activities that reflect its uniqueness and meet tourists' needs. Fourth, while there is a variety of accommodation available, the local public transportation remains insufficient. Fifth, with regards to the venues and facilities, there is currently no large-scale conference venue in the area. Sixth, in the aspect of city image and reputation, it is well known both domestically and internationally; however, traffic congestion remains a problem in urban areas. Seventh, in terms of urban environment, it still lacks adequate infrastructure systems. Eighth, in the aspect of risk and disaster management, it was found that its capacity in managing risks of natural disasters is low. With regards to factors related to the integrated management of Prachuap Khiri Khan province in its pursuit of becoming a MICE city, the emphasis is on fundamental management in achieving organizational goals. However, there remains a lack of coordination among various agencies. Moreover, the management of environmental quality and raising public awareness for environmental conservation are still inadequate and below standards. The approach to integrated management for the potential of Prachuap Khiri Khan province towards becoming a MICE city involves providing information for relevant agencies to implement urban development policies and drive the MICE industry, fostering collaboration among all related sectors, working together in an integrated manner, while enhancing better quality and services as well as increasing its capability in achieving international standard.

Development of Entrepreneurial Competencies for the Ban Wan Community Homestay in Namkam Sub-district, Mueang Sisaket District Sisaket Province

Phitchayaporn Sriboonruang — 2025-07-31

This study aimed to enhance the capacity of homestay operators in Ban Wan by focusing on developing entrepreneurial skills and applying the concept of community-based tourism development to increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of homestays for future tourists. The objectives of this research were: 1) to examine the capacity-building process for homestay operators in Ban Wan, Nam Kham Subdistrict, Mueang Sisaket District, Sisaket Province, and 2) to propose strategies for enhancing their capacity. This qualitative research employed in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guides. The sample consisted of 20 participants, including: 1) three representatives from government agencies responsible for tourism development, services, and standards, 2) ten owners/operators of Ban Wan homestays, 3) five representatives from the community tourism committee, and 4) two representatives from travel business operators. The sample selection focused on individuals with significant roles in providing services and facilitating tourists to obtain in-depth insights into tourist needs. The collected data were analyzed using content analysis to synthesize accurate and comprehensive findings. The results of the study provide valuable insights for effectively developing the capacity of homestay operators. The findings revealed the capacity development process of homestay entrepreneurs in Ban Wan consists of five key components (1) communication skills, (2) teamwork, (3) service skills, (4) personality development, (5) the use of innovation and technology, (6) having a professional service-minded attitude, and (7) being well-informed about external situations, including economic, social, and political aspects. In terns of the guidelines for capacity development, four key approaches need to be taken into consideration. These include (1) promoting positive community development that enhances relationships and participation, (2) developing creative thinking processes, (3) enhancing precise thinking and decision-making, and (4) fostering sustainable development, emphasizing the true happiness of community members through sustainable community-based tourism development.

The Guidelines for Developing and Upgrading Tourism Potential and Products to Support Rail Tourism of Khao Luang Lifestyle in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Kirathakon Boonrod — 2025-07-31

Rail tourism in the Khao Luang local area of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province has the potential to attract tourists with its natural charm and local culture. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive studies on tourist behavior, satisfaction, and factors influencing travel decision-making, which are crucial for developing tourism products and enhancing services to meet the needs of modern tourists. Additionally, rail tourism faces infrastructure, facilities, and insufficient marketing communication limitations, making the area's tourism development does not reach its full potential. The research objectives include: 1) to study the rail tourism behavior of tourists in the Khao Luang area, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province; 2) to assess tourists' satisfaction with the marketing mix of rail tourism services in the Khao Luang area; 3) to analyze factors related to the marketing mix of rail tourism services in the region; and 4) to propose strategies for enhancing the potential and upgrading rail tourism products in the Khao Luang area, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 370 Thai tourists selected using convenience sampling. The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, including percentages, means, standard deviations, and Chi-square statistics, to test variable relationships. The results revealed that most tourists were female private employees aged between 31 and 40 years, with a bachelor's degree, marital status, and an average monthly income of 20,001–30,000 baht. Regarding tourism behavior, most had traveled to the area more than once, primarily informed by family and close friends. They preferred traveling alone, staying for one night, and visiting natural attractions. Overall satisfaction was at a moderate level (= 3.33), with the highest satisfaction in products and services (= 3.81) and the lowest in physical characteristics (= 2.97). The relationship analysis showed that age, occupation, income, travel experience, sources of information, travel purposes, travel periods, and travel characteristics were moderately related to satisfaction. The study proposed five development strategies: improving infrastructure and facilities, enhancing marketing communication and promotion, developing workforce capacity, encouraging community involvement, and building collaborative networks. These strategies aimed to elevate the potential of rail tourism in the region and foster sustainable development.

Opportunities, Feasibility and the Impact of Generative AI on Students in the Digital Technology for Business Program

Thirachit Saenphon — 2025-07-31

The application of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Generative AI) in teaching and learning has brought about transformative changes. This research has three main objectives: (1) to analyze students' opinions on the opportunities increased by using Generative AI; (2) to explore students' perspectives on the feasibility of integrating Generative AI to develop their skills in four essential areas of the curriculum—education, software development, art, and business; and (3) to assess the impact of Generative AI on students' learning, attitudes, and skill development related to digital business. The sample group consisted of 48 fourth-year students from the Digital Technology for Business program at Silpakorn University. The instructor selected case studies that applied Generative AI in four areas aligned with the program’s learning outcomes: education, software development, design and art, and business. The research was conducted over two months, starting with instruction on the use of Generative AI tools in each area, followed by practical exercises. The students' assignments in each domain were collected, and surveys were conducted to analyze and evaluate the results. The findings showed that all 48 students were able to apply Generative AI effectively. Within one month, the use of Generative AI tools in different domains increased significantly, with 60.42% of students using Chabot. The frequency of usage increased from "never used" to 20 times per month for 18.75% of students. The highest frequency was 1–5 times per month, accounting for 41.67%. Students primarily used Generative AI for homework or assigned tasks, followed by coding and language translation in nearly equal proportions, with video editing being the least common use. Students rated the overall opportunities, feasibility, and impacts of Generative AI across all four areas as high. This indicates that students are prepared to learn and engage with Generative AI while recognizing its opportunities, feasibility, and impacts. Instructors can leverage the benefits of Generative AI by encouraging students to use this technology for research and assignments, while providing opportunities for students to share their experiences on how Generative AI improved their learning efficiency. This approach helps prepare students to adapt to modern technologies in the future.

Success Factors in Instructional Management Using Collaborative Teaching Robots

Jarunee Karee — 2025-07-31

The management of teaching and learning using collaborative teaching robots (Co-teaching robots) is a form of educational management in the digital age that promotes the development of essential skills in the 21st century, aligning with the changing dynamics of the current world that emphasize technology and innovation. This research aims to study the role of robots in educational management, the advantages and limitations of teaching and learning using the Co-teaching robots, and the factors influencing success in this context. The study was conducted using a mixed methods research with exploratory sequential design, starting with a qualitative research phase by selecting the 12 key informants using purposive random sampling method from among calculus, computing, science, and mathematic teachers who were later interviewed in this study. In the second phase, a quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 226 teachers in three southern border provinces, who were selected by means of simple random sampling method. The questionnaire was employed as a tool to collect the data in this phase. The descriptive statistics consist of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics include One-Way ANOVA and Multiple Regression. The findings indicate that the Co-teaching robots play a significant role in educational management by enhancing the learning experience and serving as teaching assistants. Advantages of integrating the Co-teaching robots into education include data accuracy, unlimited data accumulation, while the limitations of teaching and learning using the Co-teaching robots include teacher attitudes, data input and accuracy. With regard to the success factors in teaching and learning with Co-teaching robots involve financial support for robotics development, the mindset of school administrators and teachers. The overall level of factors leading to success in teaching and learning using the Co-teaching robots was found to be high. This research is a guideline for organizing new and modern teaching and learning methods to enhance teachers' awareness and cultivate a positive attitude toward integrating new-age technology into teaching and learning to improve the quality of education in the digital age.

Self-Efficacy in Research Measure: Analysis of Psychometric Properties

Thitaya Seesuwan — 2025-07-31

The Self-Efficacy in Research Measure (SERM) is a tool used to assess the confidence and beliefs of graduate students in their research abilities. This study aimed to analyze the appropriateness of the self-efficacy scale items developed and to examine the psychometric properties of the scale in terms of construct validity and reliability. The sample for this research consisted of 260 postgraduate students enrolled in the academic year 2023. Stratified random sampling was employed to select participants. The instrument was translated from English to Thai, and its accuracy was verified by language expert before data collection. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test indicated that the sample size was adequate for factor analysis, with a KMO value of 0.94. Bartlett's test of sphericity demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between the 17 items (χ²=2699.97, df=136, p<.001), suggesting their suitability for factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit between the theoretical measurement model and the empirical data (GFI=0.99, CFI=0.95, TLI=0.94, RMSEA=0.07 (90% CI [.05, .08]), PNFI=0.73). The scale demonstrated a high internal consistency estimating by Cronbach's alpha of 0.94. The Thai version of the SERM demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, making it a suitable tool for assessing graduate students' research self-efficacy. It can be used for monitoring students' progress, improving curriculum design and research skills development, and evaluating program outcomes.

A Participatory Management Innovation of Network Partners to Develop Quality of Life of the Elderly in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Pawisuda Chanhuni — 2025-07-31

With the continuous rise in the elderly population, it is essential to prepare for enhancing their quality of life through an integrated model based on collaborative participation. Although various sectors have previously implemented initiatives in this area, many of these efforts were not appropriate with the local context. Thus, they led to redundancy, wasted resources, and social inequality. This situation prompted the formulation of the study’s objectives: to analyze the overall conditions affecting the development of elderly quality of life, as well as the role of participatory management by network partners. The ultimate goal is to propose an innovative participatory management model tailored to the context of Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. Data were collected through document analysis and in-depth interviews focusing on general conditions and needs related to elderly quality of life. Participants included individuals from government and private sectors, local communities, elderly representatives, and academics. Focus group discussions were also conducted. The data were analyzed using content analysis and verified for accuracy through triangulation. Results revealed that the elderly faced problems across all aspects of life. Forming elderly groups proved effective in improving their quality of life in five key areas. Among these, health issues were identified as the top priority, highlighting the need for the development of family and community care systems. In contrast, environmental and technological aspects received little attention from both the elderly and their family members, indicating a need for targeted education by relevant authorities. The study also found that the management of local network partners faced challenges, particularly due to poor collaboration and coordination among team members. However, the introduction of a new innovation aimed at enhancing the participation of these partners in elderly care focused on five areas: fostering learning processes, encouraging collaboration across sectors, forming support groups, strategic planning and inter-organizational connections, and building long-term relationships within the network. This study offers an innovative approach to improving the quality of life for the elderly addressing five key aspects including health, social, economic, environmental, and technological dimensions. These solutions are designed to be sustainable and suitable for the local context.

The Effects of Information Technological Capabilities and Antecedents on Smart Emergency Medical Services in Private Hospitals

Kritwaroj Patchetphokin — 2025-07-31

The challenges of complex emergency medical services and the provision of continuous care using information technology which still lack a clear and definitive model, have significantly affected patient care and the work of personnel in the emergency medical services. This research aims to study and analyze the impact of information technology capabilities and related factors on the operation of smart emergency medical services in private hospitals. This is quantitative research using a sample of 411 operational employees in the emergency medical service system who can speak, read and write Thai, aged 18 and above. Data were collected via a questionnaire and then were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings revealed that information technology capabilities and related factors had a significant impact on the smart emergency medical services, with the highest path coefficient at 0.243 and an R² value of 0.991. This means that all variables together could explain up to 99.00% of the variance in effectiveness. Therefore, the development of intelligent emergency medical services in the private sector requires continuous knowledge management and support, driven by a strong team and the integration of collaboration from network partners. This will lead to the creation of a safe environment and support for personnel in patient transportation, which in turn will enable the emergency medical service system to deliver quality and safety standards comprehensively for patients, personnel, and society as a whole.

Designing Warehouse Dashboards Based on the Industrial Logistics Performance Index

Pawarit Phrapathomnawee — 2025-07-31

Nowadays, technology has become important to business operations, business strategy, and management. However, organizations or executives are unable to extract, use data or understand and interpret data effectively. This research aims to design a logistics management dashboard based on logistics performance index for warehouse departments in the industrial sector. The sample industrial factory is the one which manufactures cleaning agents and imports machinery products. This dashboard design uses index that are derived from considering 9 logistics activities together with a 3-dimensional perspective, including cost, time, and reliability dimensions. The dashboard is designed in 3 user perspectives. The results revealed that the dashboard showing results of index can be divided into 3 parts: for overall viewing, for analysis, and for operations. This caused action, resulting in the value of product holdings per sale decreasing from 2.08 times to 1.90 times. The average storage period for finished goods decreased from 468 days to 450 days, which is consistent with the satisfaction assessment results. The mean score of the users’ satisfaction was 3.56 out of 4 with the standard deviation of 0.13. The dashboard design for this warehouse can be used as a guideline for designing dashboards for other tasks, starting from using the index in this business. This will allow the application of data for development in actual business.

A Study of Approach to Alternative Dispute Resolution Methods for Public Land Encroachment Problems: A Specific Study in Khao Pa-Nom District, Krabi Province

Jintana Unhavaithaya — 2025-07-31

A research study of alternative conflict resolution methods to solve the problem of encroachment on public land in Khao Phanom District. Krabi Province. The objectives are to 1) Analyze the knowledge and understanding of community leaders and villagers in Khao Phanom district, Krabi province and 2) Study methods for resolving disputes between the state and citizens from the problem of encroachment on public land that do not have to lead to a trial in court and create reconciliation. Using information from research documents, laws, ministerial regulations, and regulations of the Ministry of Interior. Group discussions and in-depth interviews with people involved in government land encroachment issues. Both from the government and the public, totaling 22 people. From all the information obtained, when analyzed, it was found that even though the government has policies or legal measures to solve the problem of encroachment on public land, the problem has not diminished. This is because the laws used by the state frequently focus on repression and punishment, which the state implements on its own, with little public participation in mediation and prevention. To reduce disputes and cases in court proceedings. Local government organizations should therefore have clear guidelines for adopting alternative dispute resolution methods, or ways to resolve disputes outside of court to solve problems instead of prosecuting people in the area to be held criminally liable.

English Instructors' Perspectives on Collaborative Learning in the Digital Era: Exploring the Roles of English and Curriculum Readiness in Islamic Schools in Thailand's Southern Border Provinces

Mahsoom Sateemae — 2025-07-31

This study explores the integration of collaborative learning and digital tools in English Language Teaching (ELT) within Islamic private schools in Thailand's southern border provinces (Yala, Pattani, Narathiwat, and Satun). Using a mixed-methods approach, the study investigates English instructors' perceptions of collaborative learning, the role of English as a medium of communication, and the readiness of current curricula to support these approaches. The findings reveal that 85% of instructors view collaborative learning positively, recognizing its role in enhancing student engagement, critical thinking, and peer interaction-key factors for language acquisition. Additionally, 70% of instructors report that digital tools, such as online discussion forums and video conferencing, significantly increase student participation in group tasks, offering real-world opportunities to practice English. However, challenges persist, particularly regarding limited digital infrastructure, insufficient professional development, and the rigidity of current ELT curricula. The study emphasizes the need for curriculum reform to incorporate digital literacy and collaborative learning as core components, alongside targeted professional development programs tailored to instructors' needs. Improved infrastructure, especially in rural areas, is also critical to ensure equitable access to digital tools. These efforts are essential to fully leverage the potential of collaborative learning in ELT classrooms in Islamic private schools.

Empowering Thai Students' English Speaking Confidence: Harnessing Video Presentations on Intriguing Topics

Kanasin Tunsakul — 2025-07-31

As English becomes increasingly vital as a global lingua franca, Thai students often face specific challenges in achieving fluency, primarily due to limited opportunities for informal language practice outside traditional educational settings. This study explores the effectiveness of video assignments as a pedagogical tool to enhance speaking skills among Thai undergraduate students. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. Fourteen students were selected via convenience sampling and tasked with weekly video assignments, producing 4-5 minute videos on diverse topics, incorporating personal narratives and utilizing varied settings to enrich presentations. Participant feedback was gathered via questionnaire with ten Likert scale items ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) to measure perceived effectiveness, confidence, and satisfaction. Quantitative analysis of the Likert scale responses showed significant improvements in various areas. Participants’ speaking confidence increased by 22%, with mean scores rising from 3.7 to 4.5 (p < .01). Satisfaction averaged 3.92 (S.D. = 0.83), confidence 4.14 (S.D. = 0.64), and learning effectiveness 4.00 (S.D. = 0.67), all showing statistically significant improvements (p < .05), except for attention retention, which had a lower mean of 3.50 (S.D. = 0.51). Qualitative feedback supported these results, highlighting that rehearsals reduced anxiety and improved confidence, with 71% of participants noting significant gains in comfort and delivery. The variety in settings and creative freedom also enhanced the learning experience. The study concludes that integrating video assignments into language learning can effectively enhance speaking skills, including pronunciation, fluency, and vocabulary. Participants showed increased confidence and decreased anxiety, benefiting from a supportive environment for rehearsals. Future research should consider longitudinal studies to assess the long-term impact of such interventions on language acquisition and sustained proficiency.