Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences

Exploring activities, challenges, solutions, and skills of the Indonesian English professors in writing scholarly English articles in light of bloom’s digital taxonomy

Dedi Turmudi — 2024-08-30

Indonesian English Professors’ (IEPs) phenomena in experiencing writing
English articles for publication has low attention by researchers. This article
discusses a pilot study exploring the activities, challenges, solutions, and
skills of the IEPs in writing English articles for publication in the light of
Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy (BDT). The objectives are (1) to explore activity
types, challenge types, solution types, and skill types; and (2) to cluster those
types in light of the BDT. Three IEPs of ten accessible Indonesian higher
education professors (IHEPs) from state and private universities in Indonesia
participated using a purposive sampling technique and ethical clearance.
The study employed mixed methods research with exploratory sequential
design. The instruments were questionnaires in Google Forms and in-depth
interviews, analyzed through criteria content analysis (CCA), triangulation, and
member checking. The results show that (1) the tested instruments are reliable
for gaining the expected data from the target respondents for further study;
and (2) the analyzed data reflected the expected mini findings to cognitive,
affective, and psychomotor (CAP) of the BDT in the level of low order to
the high order of CAP. Further studies with a more considerable number of
participants are essential to gain more solid findings.

Growth mindsets, workmastery, and socioeconomic status interact in predicting achievement of adolescents in Southeast Asia

Suppanut Sriutaisuk — 2024-08-30

Growth mindsets can play an important role in student academic motivation
and achievement. However, recent research has revealed that the achievement
benefits of growth mindsets vary across cultures, such that students in
some Asian societies may not gain much from growth mindsets. Focusing
on Southeast Asia, this study sought to answer whether workmastery may
potentially strengthen the benefits of growth mindsets on student achievement
in reading, math, and science, particularly among socioeconomically
disadvantaged students. This study used the PISA 2018 database including large
and representative samples of 15-year-old students in Southeast Asian countries
(total N = 47,579). Multilevel modeling was utilized to test the two-way
interaction between growth mindset and workmastery, as well as the three-way
interaction between growth mindsets, workmastery, and socioeconomic status.
The results showed that the two-way interaction was significant, suggesting that
Southeast Asian students with high workmastery were more likely to benefit
from growth mindsets than those with low workmastery. Moreover, the results
showed a significant three-way interaction, suggesting that the achievement
benefits of growth mindsets for disadvantaged students were nearly the same as
for their advantaged peers when disadvantaged students had high workmastery.
This study generally indicates that growth mindsets can be beneficial for student
achievement in Southeast Asia, particularly in the appropriate context. One key
implication is that promoting growth mindsets at scale may be more effective
than previous research in Asia suggests.

Emotional labor and strategy of the university lecturers in Thailand

Yanuar Sumarlan — 2024-08-30

Emotional labor is rarely studied in Thailand’s higher education institutions but mostly in industrial labor, like studies on industrial laborers. Therefore, this research aims to explain emotional labor among university lecturers in Thailand universities. The main questions focus on the sources or stimuli to provoke university lecturers into emotional labor and these lecturers’ strategies to deal with this set of stimuli and provocation. This study is narrative research with a purposive sampling procedure. This research found 16 lecturers of various nationalities who agreed to join online interviews. The analysis of the findings reveals a kind of processes these lecturers must pass through: (1) internal states/processes, (2) external behavioral displays, (3) emotional strategies, (4) emotional regulations (burnout, work engagement, and sense of coherence), and (5) growth mindset. This set of processes points to a positive realization that university lecturers already have inherently internal/external mechanisms to deal with teaching and other academic works as emotional labor. This set of findings should shed light on the universities’ attempts to create a healthy working place in academic or intellectual spheres.

Framing teaching internship experience in the new normal through metaphorical lens

Genalyn P. Lualhati — 2024-08-30

Teaching internship plays a crucial role in providing aspiring educators with invaluable real-world classroom exposure, translating theoretical knowledge into practical teaching skills. Hence, this qualitative research study aims to explore the teaching internship experience using metaphors among thirty (30) prospective teachers in one state university in the Philippines, framed within the context of the new normal. Through careful analysis of written metaphoric expressions and accompanying explanations, seven (7) distinctive themes emerged. These themes are enhancement of knowledge and skills, transfer of learning, building effective communication skills, management of diverse learners, facilitation of learner-centered teaching, challenges of the teaching profession, and being and becoming a beginning teacher. These themes form the basis for proposing a comprehensive model to ensure positive teaching internship experience. These underscore three key components such as pedagogical skills, inclusive classroom, communication and engagement. Tailored for practice teachers in different Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs), this model aims to equip future educators with the essential preparation and training to succeed in the dynamic educational landscape, particularly in the time of the new normal.

Shifting from managerial implementor to culturally responsive leadership: Rethinking the framework for progressive educational leadership in Thailand

Omsin Jatuporn — 2024-08-30

The present article aimed to examine the meanings of Culturally Responsive Leadership and how Culturally Responsive Leadership was formulated to support educational leadership theories in Thailand. Two research questions were demonstrated as follows: (1) what does Culturally Responsive Leadership mean? and (2) how is Culturally Responsive Leadership formulated to support educational leadership theories? Documentary studies as qualitative analysis was employed to collect data from printed texts, research works and journals available in online database, which were more than 100 cases. The exclusion criterias included the documents with only abstracts and must be studies conducted in Thai and English that focused the unit of analysis in Thailand and Thai contexts. The research results indicated that educational leadership theories could be categorized into three approaches; Inclusive Leadership, Community and Place-Conscious Leadership, and Culturally Responsive Leadership. Each of three constructs significantly interrelated and overlapped to some extent in terms of concepts, perspectives and actions with one another. The results then were conceptualized based on theoretical concepts from critical curriculum literature as a framework for categorizing Culturally Responsive Leadership that were formulated to support the construction of educational leadership theories. Culturally Responsive Leadership as part of broader reconceptualist movements internationally in the field of critical curriculum leadership aims to construct socially just curriculum as well as providing implications for school principals to develop innovative, democratic and justice perspectives and practices in schools in the midst of Thailand’s latest efforts for democratic educational reform.

Fostering integrated STEAM-related CL in early childhood: Lessons learned from STEAM-related CL resources

Nongluck Manowaluilou — 2024-08-30

This study addresses the need for innovative strategies to promote early STEAM-related CL among children. Early exposure becomes crucial as STEAM fields gain importance in today’s society. Parents play a pivotal role in shaping their children’s educational journeys and career aspirations, making their perspectives on STEAM CL imperative. The study aims to identify indicators for assessing STEAM career learning resource (CLR) potential and develop practical integration guidelines. A mixed-methods approach was employed, progressively refining research questions through sequential exploration. In-depth interviews with 12 parents of young children gathered insights into their views on STEAM CLR, and CL. An assessment tool evaluated the suitability of STEAM CLR, while on-site visits provided practical implementation insights. Data synthesis analyzed information related to STEAM CL, play-based learning, and experiential learning in early childhood. The study found that early exposure to STEAM CL is pivotal, with parents acknowledging its role in fostering STEAM literacy, essential skills, and career awareness in young children. The assessment tool effectively evaluated resource suitability, and on-site visits revealed challenges and opportunities in diverse educational settings, highlighting the need for adaptable approaches. The assessment and on-site insights provide practical tools and strategies for educators and policymakers to enhance early STEAM CL. Through play-based and experiential learning integration, this research lays a foundation for young learners to explore, understand, and aspire to STEAM careers. Ultimately, it advocates for a society that nurtures early STEAM literacy and career exploration, career awareness, ensuring a well-prepared workforce for the future.

Development of automated scoring system for Thai writing ability test of primary education level

Asanee Tongsilp — 2024-08-30

This research aimed to: (1) develop the automated scoring system for Thai writing ability test of primary education level, and (2) evaluate the efficiency of the system. The study participants were students enrolled in academic year 2020 in schools in Bangkok: (1) 287 sixth-grade students by purposive sampling from schools in Bangkok with the average score of Thai language from O-NET that was high, medium, and low; and (2) 30 sixth-grade students in schools under the Office of the Private Education Commission by purposive sampling because schools participated willingly, having computer labs and internet connection (i.e., to test online system). Research instruments consisted of: an essay test, three evaluation forms, and the online system developed by PHP language and MySQL database. Results were as follows: (1) The automated scoring rubric system for the Thai writing ability test of primary education level was an online system comprised of 3 steps, i.e., data entry answer as text, automated scoring consisting of Thai word segmentation and scoring rubric, and display of output. The testing system found that the score was M = 8.52, SD = 4.07 and CV = .48, and (2) The efficiency evaluation of the system by using three evaluations forms revealed that rater agreed with the system, which had the highest agreement. The automated scoring rubric was able to predict the test score at .05 level of statistical significant, R2 = 66.3 to 87.6 percent. Measure of agreement of scoring result were with ICC = .88, and RMSE ≤ 3.38.

Cognitive synthesis of violence in children and youth

Kangsadan Chaowatthanakun — 2024-08-30

This paper synthesizes the existing knowledge about children and youth violence in Thailand and presents policy recommendations for building social protection for children and youth. It is based on document research, with data collected from research related to violence among children and youth in Thailand during the years 2016–2021. Content analysis was used as the main analysis method. Using “juvenile violence” as a keyword, 84 studies were found to deal with violence against children and youth in Thailand. Most of them are in the form of master’s degree students’ dissertations, hailing from disciplines as diverse. Their content was analysed with a focus on two main areas: (1) violence perpetrated by juveniles, and (2) youth victimization. While the studies targeted several – fragile – demographic groups, such as children, youth, adolescents, and autistic, MSM, and special needs children, many of the studies presented analogous findings. Violence occurs in the family, at school, in the community, in society, the media, and the online world. The perpetrators tend to be close or distant acquaintances, family members, people in society whom the victims had never met before and repeat offenders. The violence affects the physical, mental, emotional, and stigma attached to juvenile victims. From the overall knowledge synthesis on definitions, characteristics, patterns, causes, effects, and recommendations, this research has led to policy recommendations for social protection for children and youth. Importantly, cooperation from all sectors in society is required to implement these.

The development of instructional model based on design thinking process with family and community engagement to enhance learning and innovation skills for senior high school students

Pratheep Khongcharoen — 2024-08-30

This research aimed to explore the guideline for learning and innovation skills development of senior high school students. The study also aimed to develop and assess the quality of the instructional model. Furthermore, it compared senior high school students’ (11th Graders) learning and innovation skills between post-test and the criterion (70%). The samples consisted of 35 senior high school students (11th Graders), selected through clustered random sampling technique from an extra-large size provincial high school, Thailand. Content analysis, Descriptive statistics, and One-sample t-test were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that: (1) Teachers must act as a facilitator, coach, and mentor to enable students to create innovation. Furthermore, through a community-based career and innovation project, parents and the community members should be involved in learning activities with the school; (2) The instructional model was developed consisting of 4 components: principle, objective, learning activities, and assessment.
The instructional model’s learning activities included six steps: step 1 Empathizing through communication; step 2 Define problem with partners; step 3 Collaborative Ideation with partners; step 4 Create innovation with partners; step 5 Illustrate and Utilize innovation; and step 6 Exhibit innovation culture. The instructional model had the highest level of appropriateness (M = 4.56, SD = 0.10), and its effectiveness index was 0.6584; and (3) senior high school students’ (11th Graders) learning and innovation skills after the instructional model implementation were enhanced and significantly higher than the stated criterion (70%) at a significant level of .01.

Gifted and talented students’ intention to study and work in STEM fields: A multilevel structural equation modeling approach

Piyawan Visessuvanapoom — 2024-08-30

This research analyzes the multilevel effects on the intention of gifted and talented students to pursue STEM studies and careers. Participants include 771 students and 43 teachers from a STEM-focused gifted and talented program. Nested data were collected using two questionnaires: one for students and one for teachers. The multilevel model consists of student-level and class-level factors. At the student-level, variables considered are student support, growth mindset, motivation in STEM, and intention to pursue STEM. At the class-level, variables include teacher support, teacher competencies in STEM for gifted and talented students, and classroom climate management for gifted and talented students in STEM. Findings reveal a good fit between the multilevel model and empirical data (CFI = 0.972, TLI = 0.960, RMSEA = 0.049). The causal model suggests that student motivation mediates the significant effect from growth mindset to intention. However, growth mindset has an insignificant direct effect on intention. Student support significantly affects intention but not motivation. At the class-level, teacher support significantly influences teacher competencies and classroom climate management. Teacher competencies significantly impact student motivation, while the effect of climate management on motivation is not significant. In summary, this research highlights the mediating role of motivation between growth mindset and intention. Student support influences intention, while teacher support affects competencies and classroom climate. Teacher competencies influence student motivation, but climate management’s effect is not significant.

The role of Islamic boarding schools in student empowerment: Study of Anak Jalanan At-Tamur Islamic boarding school in Bandung Regency

Muhamad Yusuf — 2024-08-30

Islamic boarding schools are educational and missionary institutions and a place for developing Islamic economics. However, not all Islamic boarding school institutions in Indonesia or the Islamic world have moved towards developing the Islamic economy. In fact, Islam succeeded because of its strong economic foundation. This article discusses the role of the Anak Jalanan At-Tamur Islamic Boarding School in empowering students economically. The method used in this research is qualitative-descriptive. The primary data in this study were the results of observations and interviews. Data analysis techniques are condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The study results show that the Anak Jalanan At-Tamur Islamic Boarding School’s role in economically empowering students is through Martabak and Roti Bakar (toast) Santri. Positive results in terms of skills and finances were felt by those selling Martabak and Roti Bakar Santri, who incidentally were Islamic boarding school students and college student at the Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University of Bandung. Positive results were also felt by the Anak Jalanan At-Tamur Islamic Boarding School itself, namely, with the proceeds from the sale of Martabak and Roti Bakar Santri, the needs of the Islamic boarding school and funding for routine activities and other religious events were met. So, every Islamic educational institution or Islamic boarding school must have its business platform in order to empower independent human resources and for the advancement of Islamic education and da’wah.

Teaching equipment and assessment methods, techniques, and tools used by biology teachers to enhance living world understanding competency for high school students in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen — 2024-08-30

The shift in teaching objectives from a content-focused approach to a competency-based one has posed numerous challenges for educators, including Biology teachers in the Mekong Delta. The study aims to investigate teachers’ current utilization of various teaching equipment and assessment methods, techniques, and tools to enhance high school students’ comprehension of the natural world. The research was carried out at several high schools in the Mekong Delta, and the survey participants included teachers teaching in these high schools. The survey comprised 60 teachers of varying ages and seniority, with 24 males (40%) and 36 females (60%). A cross-sectional survey model utilizing quantitative methods was used to conduct the survey. Results indicate that high school teachers can access numerous teaching equipment and assessment techniques, methods, and tools to evaluate student performance. The computer is the leading equipment used by all participants, and mindmap, evaluation through learning products, and learning products are primarily used by participants as assessment techniques, methods, and tools, respectively. Some teachers have combined and utilized these equipment, techniques, methods, and tools to help students develop their understanding of the living world. However, a few teachers have yet to recognize the significance of evaluating student performance and have been ineffective in employing these assessment tools. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce and innovate teaching equipment and assessment techniques, methods, and tools for students that align with contemporary educational trends. Teachers require training and skill enhancement in evaluating student performance to improve the quality of education and advance student capacity.

Connectivism and digital age education: Insights, challenges, and future directions

Hamid Mukhlis — 2024-08-30

This paper presents a research study that delves into the learning theory of connectivism as a predominant learning paradigm in the digital era. Since its inception by George Siemens and Stephen Downes, connectivism has profoundly influenced learning and teaching methodologies, especially in the realms of online education and lifelong learning. For this research, the researchers employed a systematic literature review as their primary data analysis unit, meticulously collecting and analyzing various scholarly articles and sources that discuss the theoretical underpinnings, real-world applications, challenges, and advantages of connectivism. Our method involved a structured search of databases, selection criteria based on relevance and credibility, and thematic analysis of the collected literature. Through rigorous data analysis methods, the review findings unequivocally indicate that connectivism, notwithstanding its critiques, offers a solid framework for comprehending how individuals acquire knowledge in digital milieus and interconnected social platforms. This research result showcases case studies that elucidate how connectivism has been effectively implemented across diverse educational tiers, spanning from elementary to tertiary levels. While challenges such as the digital divide and an over-reliance on self-directed learning might impede its full potential, connectivism undeniably presents substantial prospects in championing autonomous, synergistic, and network-centric learning. Furthermore, we explore the potential trajectories of how connectivism might adapt and metamorphose in tandem with technological progressions and paradigm shifts in education. The overarching conclusion derived from this research underscores that connectivism holds immense promise as a pivotal component in architecting inclusive and adaptive learning ecosystems for the foreseeable future.

Exploring activities, challenges, solutions, and skills of the Indonesian English professors in writing scholarly English articles in light of bloom’s digital taxonomy

Dedi Turmudi — 2024-08-30

Indonesian English Professors’ (IEPs) phenomena in experiencing writing English articles for publication has low attention by researchers. This article discusses a pilot study exploring the activities, challenges, solutions, and skills of the IEPs in writing English articles for publication in the light of Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy (BDT). The objectives are (1) to explore activity types, challenge types, solution types, and skill types; and (2) to cluster those types in light of the BDT. Three IEPs of ten accessible Indonesian higher education professors (IHEPs) from state and private universities in Indonesia participated using a purposive sampling technique and ethical clearance. The study employed mixed methods research with exploratory sequential design. The instruments were questionnaires in Google Forms and in-depth interviews, analyzed through criteria content analysis (CCA), triangulation, and member checking. The results show that (1) the tested instruments are reliable for gaining the expected data from the target respondents for further study; and (2) the analyzed data reflected the expected mini findings to cognitive, affective, and psychomotor (CAP) of the BDT in the level of low order to the high order of CAP. Further studies with a more considerable number of participants are essential to gain more solid findings.

The influences of sense of integrity on acts of integrity and work behaviors among personnel of a public university

Chuchai Smithikrai — 2024-08-30

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of university personnel’s sense of integrity on their acts of integrity, as well as positive and negative work behaviors. In this study, the sample was selected using stratified random sampling with types of employment as the criterion for stratification. The sample comprised two groups: university personnel and their supervisors. To ensure comparability, questionnaires from both groups were coded with identical numbers, yielding a total of 738 questionnaires from each group for data analysis. Research instruments included scales for measuring sense of integrity, acts of integrity, positive work behaviors, and negative work behaviors. The research hypotheses were tested through path analysis using AMOS version 29. The results revealed that sense of integrity directly and significantly impacted acts of integrity (β = .24, p < .01). Although sense of integrity did not directly affect positive and negative work behaviors, it had significant indirect effects on positive work behaviors (β = .21, p < .01, R2 = .77) and negative work behaviors (β = -.10, p < .01, R2 = .19) through acts of integrity. Additionally, acts of integrity directly and significantly influenced positive work behaviors (β = .88, p < .01) and negatively impacted negative work behaviors (β = -.45, p < .01). These findings suggest that promoting integrity in organizations involves enhancing employees’ sense of integrity and encouraging acts of integrity among them.

The urgency of redesigning instructional materials in the field of Indonesian language and literature in support of the Freedom Learning-Freedom Campus (FLFC) policy

Pujiharto — 2024-08-30

To contribute to the OECD’s call for education and the UN’s SDGs on the importance of education to provide life skills, universities in various countries, as well as ASEAN countries, are designing programs accordingly. Indonesian universities have designed various programs to implement the Ministry of Education and Culture’s FLFC policy. For students to be able to participate in these programs, the instructional materials (IMs) in the study program, which is the spearhead of the university, should have depth and breadth and be cumulative and/or integrative. Thus far, these characteristics have not been seen in the curriculum of the Indonesian Literature Study Program in universities in Indonesia. This study is aimed at finding answers to this problem. Research findings show that the presence of lacks in lack of depth and breadth and cumulativeness and integratedness of the materials is caused by the fact that the IMs are constructed based on philology, linguistics, and literature in compilative ways. To construct depth and breadth and cumulative and integrative materials and help students to become the subjects of freedom learning, the object of the study is directed to focus on discourse. Using this as a basis, a body of knowledge (BoK) and instructional material design that supports FLFC policies are designed to be recommended to management personnel of Indonesian Literature Study Programs in universities in Indonesia to be used as consideration in curriculum development.

A study of teaching and learning to promote the spirituality in learning and work of nursing students

Wiwat Laochai — 2024-08-30

The nursing practice of nursing students is a key part of the curriculum of the Bachelor of Nursing Program. Students should have strong spirituality in learning and work (SLW) for effective practice in nursing care. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning to enhance the SLW of nursing students. Data were collected from February to March 2023. A qualitative approach with an in-depth interview was conducted with three outstanding award nurses, three ward head nurses, and three nursing instructors. The instruments comprised the semi-structured interview guides and the field notes. Content analysis was performed to analyze the qualitative data. A study of teaching and learning to promote the spirituality in learning and work of nursing students consisted of four categories: (1) a spiritual perspective in learning and working; (2) teaching and learning to promote SLW; (3) practical teaching and learning values; and (4) commitment in the nursing profession. Teaching methods should emphasize being a good role model for teachers and a mentor in nursing practice. Nursing students should be allowed to reflect on their feelings about nursing practice with positive explanations for both nursing personnel and the placement. The results of the study would be applied to develop a curriculum for students pursuing further studies in health.

Learner characteristics based on the desirable outcomes framework, national education standards at higher education level of Thailand: Policy research

Koolchalee Chongcharoen — 2024-08-30

The objectives of this research were to assess learner characteristics based on desirable educational outcomes; to study the management conditions of educational institutions to develop learner characteristics based on education standards; and to study educational management guidelines to achieve desirable outcomes based on national education standards 2018 at the higher education level in Thailand. The sample consisted of 300 representatives and the key informants were 21 representatives of those involved in higher education management. Cronbach’s alphas for the questionnaire for faculty members and administrators, questionnaire for students, and questionnaire for entrepreneurs were .92, .96 and .98, respectively, and a focus group discussion form. Research data were analyzed using the percentage, mean and standard deviation for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. Research findings revealed that learners have learner person attributes, co-creator of innovation, and strong citizenship at the high level. The institution’s administration attempts to implement educational policies and strategies in compliance with educational standards. The curriculum management, teaching management, media and learning networks, teacher development, promotion and support from the agency, and involvement of network alliance focus on ensuring that learners clearly meet the educational standards. The management guidelines to achieve desirable outcomes should focus on the competency-based curriculum development, instructional management that focuses on providing practical experience, and developing teachers to have the necessary attributes. In addition, laws and regulations should be reviewed so that they do not become obstacles to the management of diverse higher education in line with rapidly changing conditions.

Achieving organizational agility in situation of uncertainty through market sensing capability and innovation

Wheny Khristianto — 2024-08-30

The uncertainty of the business environment caused by the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the emergence of the COVID-19 Pandemic has become a challenge for travel businesses. The rapid changes in technology and changes in tourist behavior have changed the competition in the tourism industry. Creating an agile organization is an essential factor in adapting to the rapidly changing business environment. Agile organizations can be pursued by utilizing the capabilities and innovations possessed by the organization. This research wanted to study the relationship between market sensing ability, innovation, and organizational agility. Data were obtained from 175 directors or managers of tour operators. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with WarpPLS 6.0 was used as a tool for data analysis. The results show that market sensing capability has a positive and significant effect on innovation and organizational agility. Empirical evidence also finds that innovation has a positive and significant impact on organizational agility. In the future, the director or manager of a tour operator urgently needs to consider market sensing ability and innovation as a key to achieving organizational innovation and agility. The originality of this research lies in the industrial setting and the nexus between market sensing ability and organizational agility, which is still not widely studied.

Implementation of financial literacy in elementary school: Study in Indonesia

Agus Kichi Hermansyah — 2024-08-30

This article discusses the importance of financial literacy at the elementary school level and provides an overview of literature study research methods used to explore information related to the topic of financial literacy in elementary schools. Through analysis of relevant literature, this article aims to understand the role of financial literacy in the development of financial knowledge and skills in primary school-aged children. This research highlights the importance of financial education in elementary schools as an effort to equip young people with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage their financial activities in the future. The literacy activities that can be carried out are by introducing activities: saving, borrowing, utilizing school yards, making crafts, shopping as needed, sharing with others, and introducing various forms of financial crime. Furthermore, good financial literacy practices in schools can be strategies to create effective environments and socials that support financial literacy. For financial literacy and student profiles, pancasila is in the form of: faith, fear of God, and noble character, global diversity, cooperation, creativity, critical reasoning, and independence. The form of evaluation is an evaluation of the types of activities and good practices in school literacy.

Regulatory focus, perceived risk and impulse buying on mobile commerce: The moderating effect of social influence

Hu Geng — 2024-08-30

Impulse buying refers to unplanned or spontaneous purchasing behavior. Previous research has primarily focused on environmental psychological states, lacking studies that link impulse buying with customer personality traits. This study aims to investigate the impact of regulatory focus, perceived risk, and social influence on impulse buying behavior. Empirical results indicate that promotion focus has a negative effect on perceived risk, while prevention focus has a positive effect on perceived risk. Perceived risk has a negative impact on impulse buying behavior. Marketers can reduce perceived risk and promote impulse buying behavior by providing sufficient information, guaranteeing credibility, offering satisfaction guarantees, and implementing refund policies. Furthermore, social influence moderates the relationship between promotion focus and impulse buying, strengthening positive associations and reducing negative associations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of consumer impulse buying behavior in mobile commerce and provide guidance for marketers in designing strategies to promote impulse buying. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights for consumer behavior research and marketing practices.

Financial resilience in ASEAN-4 banking sector: Impact of cyber risk disclosure

Etikah Karyani — 2024-08-30

The increasing complexity and digitalization of the banking industry has the potential for cyber risks that can disrupt banking performance. This study aims to investigate whether voluntary Cyber Risk Disclosure (VCRD) influences banks’ financial resilience. This study, to the researcher’s knowledge, is a preliminary study that analyzes VCRD and financial resilience in ASEAN-4 financial industry. The sample used consisted of 310 observations from 62 banks listed on the Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines Stock Exchanges during the 2015–2020 period. Voluntary CRD are proxied by the governance, causes and impacts of cyber risk. The study result shows that total and individual voluntary CRD reduces bank resilience unless the causes of cyber risk does not affect it. These results remain unchanged after examining a robustness test. The implications of this finding are ASEAN-4 financial regulators should continue to put more pressure on disclosure of cyber threats as “events like this are important to the market”. However, disclosure can weaken the financial resilience of banks so that the cooperation of many parties is needed and regulatory intervention is very important.

The Republic of Kazakhstan’s multi-vector foreign policy: Re-evaluation under president Tokayev

Nurbolat Nyshanbayev — 2024-08-30

This study offers an in-depth theoretical examination of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy evolution during the power transition from Nursultan Nazarbayev to his chosen successor, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. The analysis illuminates the under-explored realm of post-Soviet Central Asian states’ foreign policies, with a special focus on Kazakhstan and its unique geopolitical, economic, and geographic strengths. The methods encompass a comprehensive review of the distinct foreign policy characteristics under Nazarbayev and Tokayev’s presidencies, delineating the continuity and alterations in the nation’s multivector diplomacy approach. Critical findings underscore that Kazakhstan’s foreign policy is stepping into an unprecedented phase, emphasizing geo-economic values more than before. Amidst the backdrop of regional geopolitical instability, Kazakhstan’s robust multi-vector foreign policy functions as a stabilizing force. Ultimately, this investigation provides valuable insights that fill a substantial knowledge gap concerning power transition in the context of balance-based or multi-vector foreign policy, primarily within post-Soviet Central Asian states. This contributes significantly to academic discourse and offers an invaluable framework for future policy analysis.

The role of the Office of Religious Affairs in the Dau Subdistrict to minimize cases ofunderage marriage during and after the pandemic

Nasrulloh — 2024-08-30

One of the big maritial problems that still exist, especially after the pandemic, is underage marriage.This issue is clearly related to The Office of Religious Affairs. The method of this research is empirical research with qualitative approaches, which means taking the data directly from the field then analyzing them. This research produces some factors behind underage marriage at the Dau Subdistrict Religious Office at Malang Regency during and after the pandemic (2020–2022)such as socio-cultural in the form of strict habits and mindsets of the community, the factor of religious issues with parents’ concerns about the behavior of their children’s relationships, social freedom factors that can lead to pregnancy outside of marriage, economic factors that make the son in law a co-worker as a farmer, and also a flaw of education. All of these factors are the background for legalizing underage marriage with marriage dispensation requests. First, the role from Head of the Religious Service through counseling and socialization, restricting marriage registration and twining sectoral cooperation. Second,the role of religious instructors is by leading society forums and giving some advice to the bride and groom. Third, the role of the village apparatus by educating society with counseling and advising on the postponement of underage marriages. This research gives the message that counseling and mentoring activities to the community need to continue to be carried out with models and concepts that are more modern, and by the existing conditions in society.

The development of a collaborative network management model for Thai labor working overseas

Punyada Chairatch — 2024-08-30

The objective of this research is to study and propose a collaborative network management model for Thai labor working overseas in the future. It is a qualitative and future research. In developing the model, a synthesis was conducted from 17 worker management experts and Thai workers abroad, along with employing the Delphi method for model verification. The research findings revealed that the management model for Thai labor working overseas in the future can be classified into 3 phases; the upstream phase, consisting of 4 steps recruitment and training, selection, orientation, and preparation. Midstream phase, a process that involves protecting the rights, welfare, and benefits of overseas labor; and the downstream phase, a process related to the management of workers returning from working overseas. Emphasis was placed on the following key issues: (1) The government must increase its role in implementing policies for managing Thai workers working abroad; (2) To encourage the skill development of workers before working abroad; (3) To develop processes to protect workers working overseas; (4) The development of a process to oversee workers returning from working overseas; and (5) To upgrade the electronic systems for managing Thai workers working abroad for a comprehensive process.

Kathoey mothers: Experiences of transgender women becoming a mother under the capitalist patriarchy in Thai society

Cherrisa Inpim — 2024-08-30

This study aims to explore the experiences of transgender mothers as they navigate the complexities of embracing motherhood within a capitalist patriarchy in Thai society. The study focuses on Bowling and Richy, two middle-class transgender women commonly identified as kathoey, who are currently in their working years. Employing feminist narrative research techniques, including in-depth online interviews, this study uncovers the challenges that kathoey mothers face in defining their maternal identities amidst societal pressures, feelings of alienation, and uncertainties. They embrace a form of patriarchal mothering to grapple with patriarchal expectations, as a means to negotiate societal norms and achieve authentic motherhood. Concurrently, they strive to be empowered mothering while also aspiring to fully cater to their children’s needs based on their social and economic status. These case studies highlight that authentic maternal instincts can exist within the male bodies of transgender women. Furthermore, this journey underscores the importance of fulfilling their maternal roles and paves the way for new paradigms of motherhood in the future. These experiences are profoundly influenced by the complex social, economic, and class dynamics of capitalist patriarchy.

The influence of social innovation on biomass-based community energy acceptance in the special economic zone of Thailand

Orapan Khongmalai — 2024-08-30

This research studied a social innovation model to generate energy for community biomass power plants in the Chana district special economic zone (SEZ) region, Songkhla Province, southern Thailand while considering regional sensitivity to political conflicts, religion, and individual lifestyles to build trust and acceptance from community residents. Qualitative research was done with data gathered by literature analysis and case study. Results indicated that social innovations help sensitive areas accept community energy evolution through required dual track social innovations, through (1) social business; and (2) community development activities working in tandem: the social business model for biomass power plants and social innovation through community-based development activities.

Retirement Preparation (RP) scale index in Thailand: Development and validation

Eugenia Arazo Boa — 2024-08-30

Retirement preparation is a multidimensional construct that covers different life domains of an individual. The aims of this research were to construct and validate the retirement preparation (RP) scale among middle-aged and older employees in Thailand and to explore the correlation between retirement indexes: Thinking, Exploring, and Action (TEA). The RP Model in Thailand consists of nine domains and 27 indicators: Financial preparation, Emergency circumstances, Physical health, Mental health, Housing preparation, Appearance, Social relationships, Leisure activities, and Work. The sampling consisted of 488 middle-aged and older employees from the public and private sectors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for the validation of the RP model and its key indexes were analyzed using the best-fit model. Findings show that Model 3, the nine-dimensional model is the optimal one. Statistically significant among the indexes of the Thailand RP Model, the priority index (K2) includes three items: (1) Fin2, the Financial preparationexploring index; (2) Phy2, the Physical health-exploring; (3) Appearance2, the Appearance-exploring index. Moreover, the transition index (K3) includes four items: (1) Fin1, the Financial preparation-thinking, (2) Phy1, the Physical health-thinking index, (3) Phy3, the Physical health-action, (4) Appear3, the Appearance-action index.

The numerical skills and scaffolding forms: The diagnosis of junior high school students

Dina Pratiwi Dwi Santi — 2024-08-30

Cognitive learning outcomes consist of reading and numeracy as measured through a minimum competency assessment. The purpose of this research is to explore numeracy skills in the subject of numbers and determine its scaffolding form. The subjects in this study were 56 students of grade VII in Cirebon. The instruments used include the test of numeracy skills, documentation, and interview guideline. Determination of the subject of analysis of test results and interviews were selected by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed descriptively through the following stages, namely, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the research subjects were still not familiar with numeracy questions which had the characteristics of always being preceded by texts, did not understand what was known and asked in the questions, so they tended to guess the answers and needed to be reminded of the prerequisite material. From the results of this study, teachers can develop learning media, develop project-based integrated with scaffolding, develop teaching materials that accommodate numeracy skills, or apply differentiated learning.

Unintended pregnancy in a low fertility context: Insights from the national survey of Thailand

Ritthikiat Ngamsomsak — 2024-08-30

Unintended pregnancy has remained a global public health issue for many decades. The evidence indicates that unintended pregnancy is prevalent not only in resource-limited, high fertility contexts, but also in countries with greater resources accompanied by low fertility. This study analyzed empirical evidence to gain a better understanding of what factors determine unintended pregnancy in the presence of low fertility. Using nationally representative survey data from Thailand, the study separated unintended pregnancies into mistimed pregnancies and unwanted pregnancies to identify any differences in terms of risk factors. The findings showed that approximately one in three women of reproductive age had experienced an unplanned pregnancy. We found similarities and differences in the risk factors that were significantly correlated with mistimed pregnancies and unwanted pregnancies. Our evidence highlights the significant impact of gender equality within a household on pregnancy unintendedness. While most attention has been given to pregnancies occurring among female adolescents, our findings show that reproductive women in older age groups also experience unintended pregnancy, indicating the need to pay specific attention to these women to help them address their reproductive and fertility challenges.

Structural equation model of the demand for services in Buddhist tourist attractions in Ubon Ratchathani

Puttaporn Khottaphat — 2024-08-30

This research aims to: (1) study behaviors and demands of tourists in Buddhist tourist attractions in Ubon Ratchathani; and (2) analyze the structural equation of the model of the demand for services in Buddhist tourist attractions in Ubon Ratchathani. Questionnaires were used to collect data. The samples were: 385 general tourists, people with disabilities, the elderly, families with young children, and pregnant women, who traveled to Buddhist tourist attractions in Ubon Ratchathani. The confirmatory factor analysis of tourist behaviors of the model of demands for services in Buddhist tourist attractions in Ubon Ratchathani showed that most tourists came to the temple to make merit, and they traveled with their families. The factor with the biggest impact was the service. The result of the structural equation analysis of the model of the demand for services in Buddhist tourist attractions in Ubon Ratchathani could be concluded that it was consistent with the empirical data and was statistically significant. It was found that the factor of environment, the building, and the architecture had a positive direct effect on the service, and it had the greatest effect on the change with a coefficient of 0.84.

Innovation in tourism development in rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia

Frans Gana — 2024-08-30

This research aims to describe tourism in Rote Ndao Regency and build an innovation model for its development. This study uses a qualitative method. Rote Ndao Regency has potential tourism spread across eleven districts. The research findings show that tourism development in Rote Ndao Regency at least uses the conventional/existing approach, innovation/digitalization of tourism information, and a hybrid approach – a combination of existing and innovative systems. The research recommendation is the importance of increasing the budget and optimizing the collaboration of various parties, such as the government and the community, in tourism development, coupled with increasing minded tourism and capacity among the civil apparatus of the state and community resources. This research is important for the future in optimizing development structures based on object zoning, approaches and knowledge-creation processes in tourism development.

Growth mindsets, workmastery, and socioeconomic status interact in predicting achievement of adolescents in Southeast Asia

Suppanut Sriutaisuk — 2024-08-30

Growth mindsets can play an important role in student academic motivation and achievement. However, recent research has revealed that the achievement benefits of growth mindsets vary across cultures, such that students in some Asian societies may not gain much from growth mindsets. Focusing on Southeast Asia, this study sought to answer whether workmastery may potentially strengthen the benefits of growth mindsets on student achievement in reading, math, and science, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged students. This study used the PISA 2018 database including large and representative samples of 15-year-old students in Southeast Asian countries (total N = 47,579). Multilevel modeling was utilized to test the two-way interaction between growth mindset and workmastery, as well as the three-way interaction between growth mindsets, workmastery, and socioeconomic status. The results showed that the two-way interaction was significant, suggesting that Southeast Asian students with high workmastery were more likely to benefit from growth mindsets than those with low workmastery. Moreover, the results showed a significant three-way interaction, suggesting that the achievement benefits of growth mindsets for disadvantaged students were nearly the same as for their advantaged peers when disadvantaged students had high workmastery. This study generally indicates that growth mindsets can be beneficial for student achievement in Southeast Asia, particularly in the appropriate context. One key implication is that promoting growth mindsets at scale may be more effective than previous research in Asia suggests.

Complication and challenge in the character of Rama: The case study of Kumbhakarna’s riddle in King Rama I’s Ramakien

Nipat Yamdate — 2024-08-30

By studying the narrative presented in Kumbhakarna’s riddle episode from King Rama I’s Ramakien as a case study, this research paper aims to unveil the complications and challenges in the character of Rama, the protagonist of the dramatic composition. As a result, the riddle could be interpreted as arising out of the complication or the conflict between propriety and morality. This complication affected Rama’s thought and decision-making process, which can be seen from the depiction of a situation where Rama cannot answer the riddle. Such failure significantly shakes Rama’s image as an incarnation and affects the literary text in terms of character creation but provides a powerful literary device opening up a hermeneutical situation for readers and audiences to have more freedom in interpreting and reflecting on the complications in the character. Firstly, Kumbhakarna’s riddle, which Rama could not decipher, challenges Rama’s status as the incarnation of a god who possesses divine intelligence. After Kumbhakarna, Rama is instead a mere human being. Secondly, the riddle reveals a critical tension between the positive valuation of knowledge and morality, and the negative valuation represented by intellectual corruption and moral depravity, in which the Thai poet was keen on conveying the duality, at once appreciable and condemnable, in the characters.

The future of music department: Scenarios and envisioning for 2030

Pongpob Sukittiwong — 2024-08-30

The research aimed to (1) study the influencing factors that affect the future of the Western Music Department (WTMU) at Chandrakasem Rajabhat University (CRU), and (2) analyze and build the futures scenarios of the WTMU at CRU. The informants included (1) five WTMU administrators, (2) three faculty administrators, (3) three CRU administrators, (4) three employers, (5) three administrators from other higher education music institutions, (6) three experts, and (7) Documents. The research method employed deep environmental scanning and ethnographic futures research to study the influencing factors. These factors were analyzed for their impact and uncertainty, resulting in the building of four scenarios. The findings of the research revealed that: seven key factors were identified: (1) changes in state and higher education policies due to changes in the government, (2) The promotion of the National Credit Bank System policy, (3) changes in criteria and methods for determining academic position, (4) the rapid growth of demand for personnel in the entertainment and live performance industries, (5) inflation and the risk of economic recession, (6) the department’s inability to adapt to changing situations, and (7) insufficient workload for full-time instructors. The scenarios of the WTMU at CRU consisted of four scenarios: (1) continuation: 3rd generation of WTMU, CRU, (2) limits or discipline: College of Music, Rattanakosin Rajabhat University Group, (3) decline and collapse: the discharge of CRU’s vanguard, and (4) transformation: the central hub for music professionals in Bangkok.

ESP teaching challenges of novice English lecturers in Indonesia: A descriptive qualitative approach

Toni Indrayadi — 2024-08-30

The purpose of this study was to explore novice English lecturers’ challenges in teaching ESP at non-English departments. The challenges are essential to be investigated as a basis for stakeholders of higher education to make policies related to ESP improvement. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed to gather the data from lecturers in three higher education institutions in Sumatra, Indonesia. The participants of this study were 5 novice English lecturers selected using a purposive sampling technique and the data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis was used to analyze the data by comparing each participant’s interview transcript. The findings provide evidence that participants encountered a lack of knowledge of students’ discipline, no proper analysis of students’ needs, and classroom conditions in terms of large classes and students’ heterogeneous English proficiency. This study recommended tertiary education stakeholders provide and prepare important factors which can support ESP teaching, and the lecturers need to be well-prepared before starting to teach the ESP class to achieve the learning goals.

The effects of collaborative strategic reading and KWL plus technique on reading comprehension and English learning achievement

Chanakarn Chimwong — 2024-08-30

The purposes of the research were: (1) To compare the English reading comprehension of 11th grade secondary students before and after studying by using Collaborative Strategic Reading and KWL Plus technique; (2) to compare the English learning achievement of 11th grade secondary students before and after studying by using Collaborative Strategic Reading and KWL Plus technique; and (3) to study the 11th grade secondary students’ satisfaction after studying by using Collaborative Strategic Reading and KWL Plus technique. The sample consisted of 44 students of 11th grade secondary students, Woranari Chaloem School, Songkhla province, during the second semester of the 2022 academic year by cluster random sampling method. The research Instruments consisted of lesson plans, English reading comprehension tests, English learning achievement tests and a satisfaction questionnaire of 11th grade secondary students. The results showed that: (1) The English reading comprehension of 11th grade secondary students after studying by using Collaborative Strategic Reading and KWL Plus technique were higher than before studying with a
statistical significance **p < .01; (2) the English learning achievement of 11th grade secondary students after studying by using Collaborative Strategic Reading and KWL Plus technique were higher than before studying with a statistical significance **p < .01; and (3) the overall satisfaction of 11th grade secondary students after studying by using Collaborative Strategic Reading with KWL Plus technique was at the highest level with an average of 4.60.