Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences

Comparative analysis of National Cyber Security Index: A case study of Pakistan and Indonesia

Anwar Sadat — 2025-03-26

This research study compares the National Cyber Security Index (NCSI) for Pakistan and Indonesia, two developing countries with fast-expanding digital landscapes. This study attempts to uncover the strengths and weaknesses of each country’s cyber security posture and provide insights into potential areas for improvement by studying the NCSI scores and underlying indicators. This study’s approach includes a detailed assessment of NCSI data, as well as related literature and policy papers. The study considers both countries’ socioeconomic and political settings to understand better the elements driving their cyber security performance. Based on the comparative analysis, this study presents recommendations for both countries to better their cyber security postures. Among them are enhancing legal frameworks, investing in technical infrastructure, encouraging capacity-building efforts, and increasing regional
and international cooperation. By implementing these measures, Pakistan and Indonesia can better protect their digital assets and contribute to more secure global cyberspace.

Supply chain mapping: Analysis of processes, flows and actors in Latin-American case studies

Arialys Hernández Nariño — 2025-03-28

The holistic study of a supply chain is one of the challenges that this philosophy
presents today. This is due to the increasing diversity of stakeholders,
relationships and flows that develop, with the consequent complexity in its
management and performance. The article is motivated by the need to develop
a reliable tool for academic and research based analysis of Latin American
supply chains characteristics, relationships, processes, products and services.
This is done from a literature review, along with the expertise of supply
chain specialists and empirical testing in case studies through the application
and validation of a practical guide. There were organized different techniques
for mapping and preliminary analysis of processes, actors and flows from
a tool box perspective, which implied flexible study of varied supply chains.
It was proven the feasibility of the tool to study either complex or simple
chains, to promote knowledge generation, skills transfer and strong links
among academic, research and business practice. This work has important
practical and managerial implications for supply chain design, performance and
improvement.

Applications of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for entrepreneurial intention at the Manabí Technical University (UTM)

Omar Aldo Maluk Salem — 2025-03-26

This research addresses the entrepreneurial landscape in Ecuador, specifically focusing on the students of the Faculty of Administration and Economics at the Technical University of Manabí (FCAE-UTM). The Technical University of Manabí (UTM) recognizes the importance of understanding the entrepreneurial intentions of its students. To address the uncertainties surrounding the university’s role in entrepreneurship, this research aims to explore the entrepreneurial intentions of current UTM students. The primary objective is to examine the components influencing these intentions and construct a Structural Equation Model (SEM) that
aids UTM authorities in understanding and measuring entrepreneurship learning needs. Drawing on a literature review, the study integrates insights from various models, including the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) scale. It adapts and validates the ESE scale, identifying six dimensions crucial for entrepreneurial success. Methodologically, a structured questionnaire, based on a prior study, was administered to 1105 virtual education students at FCAE-UTM. Principal component analysis and SEM techniques were employed for data analysis. Results reveal six main components: Entrepreneurial
Intention, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Attitude, Information from Relevant Others, Support for Entrepreneurial Training, and Structural Support. The SEM model demonstrates a robust fit, indicating two pathways influencing entrepreneurial intentions: one through entrepreneurial attitude, supported by training and information, and the other through increased entrepreneurial self-efficacy, primarily influenced by structural support.

Factors influencing commercial rice seed production of Community Rice Centers in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand

Suparat Potibunlung — 2025-03-26

Community rice centers (CRCs) in Thailand serve a crucial function in producing and distributing good-quality rice seeds to farmers in rural areas. However, not all CRCs can produce rice seeds for commercial sale due to various factors that affect commercial rice seed production. This research was aimed to factors influencing commercial rice seed production of the CRCs. The sample group was 217 members of the CRCs using simple random sampling that were areas for planting rice seeds and good-quality rice. Data were collected through interview forms. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis analyzed data. The study results found that the CRCs members who produced commercial rice seeds had an average age of 51 years, an average experience of 10 years in rice seed production, and an average rice seed cultivation area of 37.92 rai per household. The average cost of production was 6,814 baht per rai, with an average yield of 834 kilograms per rai. The average selling price is 9,226 baht per ton. Moreover, factors influencing commercial rice seed production in CRCs include the source of selling rice seed (Selling), management of community rice centers (Management), price of rice seed production (Price), cost of rice seed production (Cost), the yield of rice seed (Production), respectively. The Equation can be written as follows: Z = -19.091 + 1.858(Selling) + 1.241(Management) + 0.002(Price) + 0.001(Cost) - 0.006(Production). This model can predict the chance that the CRCs will produce commercial rice seeds at 72.90 percent, and the forecast is correct at 89.90 percent.

The relationship between entrepreneurial strategic management and the tourism supply chain management capability on the performance of the tourism industry in Thailand

Parnisara Prajudtasri — 2025-03-26

This study used quantitative methods to investigate the connection between competent tourist supply chain management and strategic management for entrepreneurs in Thailand’s tourism sector. The sample group was composed of 400 business owners who work in Thailand’s tourism industry. Questionnaires were used as research tools. The quantitative data were analyzed using both structural equation modeling and statistical analysis. The study employed confirmatory factor analysis to examine the structural correlation model for entrepreneurial strategic management. The empirical findings supported the idea that supply chain management could improve performance in the tourism sector. The standardized indices were Chi-square = 75.266, Chi-square/ df = 1.298, df = 58, p = 0.063, GFI = 0.975, CFI = 0.994, NFI = 0.974, RMR = 0.033, and RMSEA = 0.028. Similarly, entrepreneurship and supply chain management competence in the tourism business had a positive effect on performance, with statistical significance at the .01 level.

Preparing tourism facilities for crisis: Spatial management of built tourism facilities for community-based tourism in Ayutthaya

Patiphol Yodsurang — 2025-03-26

The tourism community has been significantly impacted by various crises at both the global and domestic levels. In community-based tourism, the effective spatial management of tourism facilities plays an important role in enhancing a community’s resilience and ability to adapt to and recover from crises or shocks. In this study, 19 tourism communities in Ayutthaya were selected to explore and analyze the measures taken to prepare tourism facilities for crises, their effectiveness in minimizing the impact, and active recovery from crises. A total of 53 built community tourism facilities were investigated using multiple logistic regression to analyze predictive variables for the probability of operation during and after a crisis. The results reveal that the opening ratio contributes to a significant relationship with the state of open/reopened tourism facilities owned by the local community.

Potential and development approach for multicultural tourism in Samut Sakhon Province

Samran Phondee — 2025-03-26

This research aims to examine a body of knowledge related to ethnic diversity and the state of “multicultural society” in Samut Sakhon and to analyze the potential of multicultural tourist attractions, including to analyze an approach for the multicultural tourist attraction development in the area. The research was conducted by a mixed-method approach using qualitative research, data collection and documentary research, field study, interviews, and quantitative research. The data were analyzed and presented using an analytical description. The results showed that Samut Sakhon is a “multicultural society” with a diverse ethnic establishment, including the Thai, Chinese, Mon, and Lao Song. It has allowed the diversity of cultural areas which are capable of tourist attraction development, categorized in three directions. such as, cultural learning centers/cultural wisdom heritage, history and belief-related cultural areas and religion and belief-related cultural areas. According to the field survey, the potential analysis of multicultural tourist attractions through the interviews showed that the overall results were high in all aspects. The result from the questionnaire completed was also high. When considered individually, tourist attraction value was the highest, followed by the popularity of tourist attractions, and convenience of accessibility, respectively. The important approach for this consists of; (1) Establishing a joint department to achieve a visible improvement in multicultural tourism development; (2) Developing potential for multicultural tourist attraction systemically; (3) Managing tourism service-oriented towards network area; and (4) Developing a definitive and original multicultural tourist attraction to help increase the popularity.

Framing “Climate change” and “Global warming” in Indonesian mass media (2013–2022): Corpus-assisted ecolinguistics

Arina Isti’anah — 2025-03-26

The terms ‘climate change’ (CC) and ‘global warming’ (GW) are frequently utilised interchangeably within mass media. Both are often frequently linked to ozone depletion, melting glaciers, or prolonged drought. It can be contended that the two terms exhibit both parallels and distinctions in their meanings and frames in mass media. This study involved a specialised corpus gathered from two prominent online Indonesian news sites. It employed Bootcat as the data collection tool and corpus-assisted ecolinguistics as the analytical framework. The analysis reveals that Indonesian media portrays CC and GW through three primary frames: scientific phenomena, global impacts, and mitigation-causation. In the context of the Global South, Indonesian mass media plays a significant role in shaping the discourse on CC and GW. While there are certain resemblances to previous research, the media in Indonesia
constructs the institutionalisation of CC and GW discourse by actively engaging international organisations and communities in mitigation efforts. Moreover, the media strongly emphasises incorporating expert opinions to frame CC and GW scientifically. From an ecological lens, Indonesian mass media express an eco-ambivalent discourse by ‘taming’ CC and GW since human agency is concealed through nominalisation and passivisation.

Cultural heritage conservation and management in historic districts by participatory process: A case study of Songkhla Old Town

Thip Srisakulchairak — 2025-03-26

The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the phenomena of cultural heritage conservation and management that applies participatory approach in Songkhla Old Town. This article contains qualitative research which has been systematically analyzed from academic papers, field survey, and in-depth interview of stakeholders. The study shows that Songkhla Heritage Trust is capable of working with both local government and private sectors which can subsidize and launch the project in an appropriate time. However, Songkhla Old Town still has the obstacles, including, inadequate legal measures regarding the authenticity of heritage buildings, lack of process to bring new generation collaboration, and lack of leader who is accepted by all groups of people. Besides, the conservation of Songkhla has been implemented based on the concept of “Volunteers from Social Capitals”; therefore, even though everyone is free to participate, it is not sustainable enough. These problems may lead to increased numbers of stakeholders and overlapped projects.
This article proposes two main recommendations for Songkhla Old Town and for duplication to other similar conservative areas. The first recommendation is to bring all stakeholders to set the system of cultural heritage management by setting the taskforce from representatives of each group with Songkhla Town Municipality acting as facilitator. The second recommendation is to reckon the main issue by following these three steps to create participatory process including (1) assessment on relationships of 3 levels of social capitals, (2) local norm and beliefs analysis, and (3) cultural capital analysis to link with local norm and belief.

What is more important to adolescents’ emotions: Parental spirituality or parental adjustments? A case of Indonesia’s adolescents during pandemic COVID-19

Dwi Hastuti — 2025-03-28

The role of spirituality and adjustment in the family is vital during any crisis, especially during a pandemic. As earlier literature did not explore parental spirituality and adjustment in relation to adolescent’s emotion during COVID-19, the current study was the first-ever effort in this regard. This study examined what adolescents felt during the recent COVID pandemic, how adolescents perceived parents’ spirituality and adjustment, and related factors affecting their emotional state. Analysis of survey responses from 1,004 Indonesian adolescents (12–18 years old) indicated that 72.3 percent of adolescents felt negative emotions during lockdown. The findings also revealed significant differences in parental adjustment between female and male adolescents and between junior and senior teenagers, indicating that male adolescents and older have better parental adjustment. Moreover, there are significant differences in adolescent’s emotion between parental spirituality and adjustment. Logistic regression analysis found a higher and more significant impact of parental spirituality on adolescents’ emotions than parental adjustment. This implies that parental spirituality is needed more during a stressful event like a pandemic.

Exploring dishonest behavior from the students’ perspective: Approaches to complementary exercises in undergraduate’s general physics course

Sornsaluk Nimbut — 2025-03-28

This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of undergraduate students regarding dishonest behavior when engaging in complementary exercises. It explored the causes, factors, and methods associated with such behavior and seeks to identify preventive and remedial measures to address this issue within undergraduate education. The qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews with eight students enrolled in the general physics II course during the first semester of the academic year 2020. These students provided insights into their experiences with displaying unfaithful behavior in educational settings. Prior to data collection, the research instrument, specifically the interview form, underwent a meticulous pilot testing phase, during which its questions were refined and enhanced to ensure clarity and relevance. The findings of the inductive content analysis revealed the following: (1) Dishonest behavior, such as copying and plagiarism, was prevalent among the participants; (2) Causes and factors contributing to dishonest behavior stemmed from personal motivations, external expectations, social pressures, economic factors, and perceived benefits; and (3) Prevention and mitigation strategies could be implemented through instructor adjustments, lesson content modifications, online teaching system improvements, and positive motivational approaches. The explanation for dishonest behavior in complementary exercises draws upon the theory of planned behavior, as well as additional theories such as social learning theory, self-control theory, and socialization theory. These theories not only shed light on the underlying causes and contributing factors of dishonest behavior but also offer insights into preventive and corrective measures for addressing this issue in undergraduate education.

The roles of standard, bimodal, and reversed subtitles on English vocabulary learning

Chayata Viriya — 2025-03-26

This 15-week mixed method study examined the impact of standard, bimodal, and reversed subtitles on participants’ vocabulary learning, particularly incidental vocabulary learning and retention in a prerequisite English foundation course. Three intact groups, each receiving a different treatment, of first-year non-English major university students (N = 117) were randomly assigned to the researchers. Data were collected using one episode of documentary series, a vocabulary knowledge test: a pre-test, an immediate post-test, and a delayed post-test, a comprehension test, and an interview. The findings revealed that all three groups had a high level of comprehensive knowledge of the video content. However, when comparing pre- and immediate post-test scores, the reversed subtitle group displayed a significant increase in vocabulary knowledge, including word form and meaning whereas the groups with standard and bimodal subtitles only showed a significant knowledge gain in meaning. In the delayed post-test conducted approximately three months after the video exposure, the reversed subtitle group maintained their vocabulary knowledge, aligning with their high scores on the immediate post-test during this time span. Conversely, the groups with bimodal and standard subtitles experienced a significant decline in vocabulary knowledge. The interview data highlighted that all three types of subtitles helped with word meaning gains, but their impact on improving word form is unclear.

Development of learning activities for ethical promotion of adherence to the faith for Muslim youth in the three Southern border provinces

Kasetchai Laeheem — 2025-03-26

The purposes of this research were to develop learning activities and to explore the outcomes of implementing the learning activities for ethical promotion of adherence to the faith for Muslim youth in the three Southern border provinces. Data were gathered through brainstorming and critique forums with four groups of informants: Muslim youth, parents and guardians, Muslim leaders, and freelance Islamic academics. The data were analyzed using content analysis and presented using descriptive statistics. Experimental practices were performed with 40 target youth and analyzed using the R program to determine the paired t-test. The research found the following: (1) Learning activities for ethical promotion of adherence to the faith suitable for the operational area and the target
group were the “Halaqah learning activities” with six steps: an opening statement, introduction, citing examples from Al-Quran and Al-Hadith texts, discussion and knowledge exchange, conclusions and reflections, and a closing statement, and (2) After the experiment, the ethical behaviors of adherence to the faith among the youth were statistically higher than before participation in the activities at .001.

Community engagement to PM 2.5 in Thailand: A case study of Khon Kaen Province

Nonglak Yodmongkol — 2025-03-28

The objective of this study was to investigate the model of the participatory public policy process for regulating Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) policy at the local level, using Khon Kaen Province as a case study. The qualitative research was employed, including a literature review and an in-depth interview. Fifteen key informants participated in the study, and another fifteen persons contributed to the focus group discussion, all whom were significant stakeholders selected by the criteria. The findings indicated a five-step participatory public policy process (4P) for managing PM 2.5, which involved (1) policy formation, (2) policy formulation, (3) policy implementation, (4) policy evaluation, and (5) policy continuation, termination, and replacement. The engaging in those implemented 4P gained community collective lessons learned by a collaborative learning mechanism for the network’s and the public’s success. Additionally, policies were reviewed and altered to reflect the local environment, having a clear coordination mechanism acknowledged by the network, a factor encouraging involvement in the network’s public policy process. The collaborating process created a network structure cultivating partnerships and developing the network to other advanced policies. Organizing of learning process, network knowledge sharing, and network communication to continue keeping network active were encompassed. It was confirmed that 4P of Khon Kaen PM 2.5 model took into account a social policy process, social capital, and knowledge. It was an important social tool for creating participation among government agencies, private sector, and the public sector in the management of PM 2.5. This knowledge could apply in creating multispectral engagement for multifactorial challenges.

Human resource accounting toward human welfare

Aryo Prakoso — 2025-03-31

The debate on human resource accounting is still ongoing, in particular, the accounting treatment on the recognition of all human resource expenditures, whether recognized as an expense or an asset. As the company’s driving force, humans have an important role but are recognized as an expense in the financial statements. The objective of this study was to develop an alternative model in human resource accounting. This study was structured to build a human resource accounting model by synthesizing the biological asset concept in recognition and measurement. It also used Homo religious analysis to clarify the nature and treatment of human resource accounting. The concept was compiled through the growth, production, degeneration, and procreation cycle. Additionally, the value was added by synthesizing homo religious as a model to complement the position of human resource accounting to cover the aporetic problems between humans, accounting, and God. The Research implications; first, human resource accounting is structured based and is expected to explain the position of human resources as a burden or an asset. Second, it is important to treat human resources by aligning the soul, nature, and God as a manifestation of added value. This aims to balance human resources and the company and be reported in financial statements narratively. This study referred to the post-secular religious currents to contribute to critical and interdisciplinary awareness in accounting. It aimed to complete human resource accounting development by tracing humans as homo religious.

Understanding perspectives on learning English in the Qur’an and Hadith

Muhammad Zuhri Abu Nawas — 2025-03-28

This research employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating in-depth textual analysis and interpretation of Quranic verses and Hadith. In this case, the study extracts principles related to knowledge acquisition and communication. This study offers a nuanced understanding of how these texts can inform language learning, particularly English proficiency. Key findings indicate that while the Quran and Hadith do not explicitly mandate proficiency in specific languages, including English, they provide essential guidance on broader principles of acquiring knowledge and effective communication. The Quran emphasizes wisdom, understanding, and appreciation of diversity, highlighting the value of learning multiple languages to enhance understanding and foster intercultural communication. The Hadith further supports this by endorsing the pursuit of knowledge and advocating for the responsible use of language. This adaptability is crucial, as it encourages Muslims to approach language learning, including English, with ethical considerations and a commitment to preserving their identity in accordance with Islamic values. The research underscores this perspective’s relevance in contemporary settings where English proficiency is often necessary. Despite these insights, the research acknowledges limitations such as varying interpretations among scholars and the need for further exploration into language acquisition within an Islamic context. Future research directions include comparative analyses across different Islamic cultures, examining the impact of technology on language learning, and exploring contemporary Islamic scholars’ perspectives. In conclusion, the study affirms the compatibility of language acquisition with Islamic principles, emphasizing that ongoing exploration and diverse perspectives are essential for enriching the understanding of this dynamic within the framework of Islam.

Perceived as tolerant but intolerant? Evidence from various public elementary schools in Indonesia

Sisca Rahmadonna — 2025-03-28

This study reveals unintentional intolerance in several elementary schools in Indonesia. It employed a qualitative approach by examining teachers and students. The research was conducted in five elementary schools in Yogyakarta, a province deemed the centre of Indonesian education, tourism, and culture. The data were collected through interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. All data were analysed descriptively from the perspective of tolerance (i.e. belief, public speech, action), to reveal the extent to which tolerance is internalised at the schools. Then, qualitative descriptive data were presented. The study concluded with three points. First, teachers embraced and practised the concept of tolerance in society as it stems from Javanese culture; however, they did not succeed in optimally transforming it at their schools. Second, on some occasions, school representatives unwittingly limited the rights of minority students and undermined the practice of tolerance education due to the effectiveness and efficiency considerations. Third, a deeper understanding of tolerance needs to be strengthened among teachers and school leaders to address the problem. Meaningful communication between teachers and parents also needs to be enhanced. This paper can be considered a study of other multicultural countries facing a similar situation.

Description of students’ abilities using estimated difficulty level of test items: An Indonesian case study

Rukli Rukli — 2025-03-28

characteristics of certain test items that is directly related to the level of student ability, but the level of difficulty of the items is not considered in detail in examining student work. This study aims to describe the pattern of students’ ability to solve math test items using the estimated of the difficulty level of the test items. This study used an exploratory-descriptive crosssectional study with a case study approach. The research subjects were 21 elementary school students. The time allocation for working on one item is three minutes while the estimation of the characteristics of the item is one minute. The results of the research show the following things. Grade IV students experienced errors in working on test items in all content domains, especially the geometry and data domains. Then, fifth-grade students experienced more errors in the cognitive domain, especially the cognitive domain of knowing. In general, students are only able to answer low-category test items with the cognitive domain of knowing. Teachers can use this approach to describe student work patterns on math test items according to assessments for learning.

The approaches for the development of Rajabhat University towards entrepreneurial university

Kuntarut Yodpichai — 2025-03-26

This qualitative research explores how Rajabhat University (RU) defines and constructs the concept of an entrepreneurial university. Multi-site studies at four institutions in the RU system were conducted using in-depth interview. Key informants included policy-maker-level administrators, faculty-level administrators, faculty members, and administrators of the university’s local partners, both public and private sectors. 30 key informants in total. Findings reveal four distinct interpretations of entrepreneurial universities: (1) commercial entrepreneurial university (CEU), emphasizing collaborations, income generation from commercial activities, and research outcomes; (2) local innovative entrepreneurial university (LIEU), focusing on joint ventures with local sectors for unique innovation; (3) social entrepreneurial university (SEU), integrating entrepreneurship education and social missions for community and economic betterment; and (4) holistic entrepreneurial university (HEU), combining income generation, human resource development, research
patenting, and community quality enhancement. The study suggests empirical approaches aligned with these interpretations to establish entrepreneurial universities, enabling each institution to make informed decisions based on its strengths and contributions to social development. Key recommendations include the need for a clear understanding of the entrepreneurial university concept for effective planning.

Lecturers’ strategies in strengthening monotheism in the digital era: A descriptive qualitative design

Usman — 2025-03-31

This article aims to explore the strategies of the four lecturers in strengthening the students’ monotheism in the digital era. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to gather the data of three Islamic universities in Sumatera, Indonesia using in-depth semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis through coding process. The Participants were selected by purposive sampling. Findings showed that the lecturers gave an understanding of the nature, meaning, and values of knowing Allah, praying, and fasting. The first is associated with teaching the students to know Allah as a creator, His creation, name and nature. Second, teaching to build praying not only from its readings (Lafadz) and movement but also its nature, meaning, and values. Finally, fasting explaining students about the spirituality of fasting to get closer to Allah. This study can provide strategies for lecturers to strengthen the students’ monotheism in the digital era.

Understanding research engagement of Thai teacher educators: A case study of a National Research University

May Thu Kyaw — 2025-03-26

Research of university teachers, including teacher educators, has received growing expectations worldwide over the previous three decades. Despite the wealth of literature regarding the research activities of mainstream university teachers, an in-depth understanding of teacher educators’ research activities from policy to implementation is lacking in the literature. This qualitative case study explores how research of teacher educators in an autonomous national research university in Thailand is promoted and how they practice. Triangulated data were gained from semi-structured interviews with four university executives and 12 teacher educators, related documents, and the teacher educators’ published research articles. The integrated approach of deductive and inductive content analysis reveals two main gaps: one between the policy expectation and support provided, and another between the policy expectation and teacher educators’ real practice. Despite the policy expectations of interdisciplinary research, teacher educators received relatively less support for expanding research networks, and the largest portion of their research was related to the field of education. They produced research as educational researchers and teacher education scholars. Apart from a mixture of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, social belongingness within research teams was observed as a reason for their research engagement. Obstacles were limited time, complicated procedures for the research ethics approval, and difficulties derived from the policy stress on interdisciplinary research. The study suggests critically analyzing the issues of over-emphasis on interdisciplinary research and international publications, and reconsidering “what for?” of teacher educators’ research.

The development of a curriculum to enhance learning management competency in digital transformation age for pre-service teachers

Suppawan Satjapiboon — 2025-03-28

COVID-19 has accelerated digital transformation, where the traditional curriculum is unable to provide necessary skills to pre-service teachers. This research focuses on curriculum development to equip future teachers with sufficient competencies and aimed to: (1) study learning management competency in the digital transformation age of pre-service teachers; (2) develop a curriculum to enhance learning management competency in the digital transformation age; and (3) assess curriculum quality and effectiveness. The research participants included 16 informants for the interview, 9 experts for the focus group, 12 experts who approved the curriculum and 88 pre-service teachers to assess curriculum effectiveness. The instruments included an interview form, focus group issues, an assessment form, and competency test, subsequently analyzed by means, standard deviations (SD), t-test dependent,
one sample t-test, and content analysis. The results revealed as follows: (1) Learning management competency in the digital transformation age included; (1.1) pedagogical strategic design; (1.2) using digital in learning management; (1.3) digital communication and collaboration, and (1.4) integrated problem solving. (2) The curriculum are six components; objectives,
principles, content structure, the 4-step stairs activities including inquirer, screener, integrator, initiator; instructional media and sources, and evaluation; (3) The quality of curriculum was highest in terms of accuracy, suitability, and benefits; with high feasibility. Pre-service teachers increased their learning management competency after participating, and higher than the 70 percent criteria in all activities, with a significant difference of .01. The findings also showed that pre-service teachers’ satisfaction toward the activities was highest, and significantly higher than the 70 percent criteria in all activities.

Enhancing humanized nursing: How contemplative education helps nurse educators achieve personal transformation and enhance their teaching practices

Arisa Sumamal — 2025-03-26

This action research aimed to explore the impact of teacher development in transformative learning management employing a Contemplative Education approach in personal transformation in nurse educators and their transformation in teaching and learning. The study was conducted in four provinces of Thailand. The study adopted the “Teaching out of the Box: Transformative Teachers from Within” project for nurse educators at the Boromarajonani Colleges of Nursing, Praboromarajchanok Institute, as a case study. Purposive sampling was employed to select the target group of 24 nurse educators. From March 2021 to April 2022, data were collected using various methods and analyzed using content analysis. According to the study, nurse educators reported personal transformation in four areas: self-reflexivity, self-awareness, resilience, and deep listening. Furthermore, they incorporated Contemplative Education into classes, extracurricular activities, and patient care practices on three levels: (1) using some contemplative learning activities; (2) creating a short course for student preparation before and during internships at the hospital, and (3) integrating Contemplative Education with course content to create new activities. Contemplative Education was integrated to assist
students in understanding humanized nursing care. The findings suggest that Contemplative Education should be incorporated as a mindset and approach for effective nurse educator growth and student learning in classrooms and patient nursing care settings. It is recommended that nursing institutions should adopt Contemplative Education for teacher development, providing resources and training. They should also establish ongoing support for diverse teaching styles and adjust institutional culture and policies to ensure administrative backing and proper resource allocation.

Development of Work and Energy in Multi-tiers Test (WE-MusT) to identify students’ conceptions levels: A Rasch analysis model

Achmad Samsudin — 2025-03-28

This study aims to develop the Work and Energy in Multi-tiers Test (WE-MusT) to Identify students’ conceptions levels. The research method has been implemented in 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The participants in this study were 230 students, namely, 81 male participants and 149 female participants with an average age of 15-18 years in several high schools and their equivalents in Java. Meanwhile, the research instrument is the product developed in this study. Rasch model analysis was used to identify the level of conceptions. Based on data analysis, all items can be used, except S1 and S6 (Invalid). The WE-MusT also has reliability (0.75) with a Cronbach Alpha, meanwhile, conceptions level of Sound Understanding (14%), Misconception (37%), Partial Negative (31%), Partial Positive (1%), No Understanding (9%), and No Coding (8%). Based on these results, it can be concluded that many students still experience misconceptions and do not understand the concepts of work and energy. This research has implications for the quality of instruments in identifying students’ conception levels and can be a reference in developing diagnostic test instruments.

The effectiveness of restorative justice youth camp in Thailand: A study of independent sample t-test

Titikarn Assatarakul — 2025-03-26

This study compared the restorative justice mindset and general knowledge scores before and after attending the youth camp, focusing on high school students from 11 schools affiliated with Saint Gabriel Foundation Thailand. Data were collected through an assessment of restorative justice in school knowledge and mindset and analyzed using descriptive and independent sample t-test statistics. Results showed that the mean score of the restorative justice mindset after attending restorative justice youth camp was significantly higher than before attending a camp in all aspects except Accountability. With a firm belief in the potency of experiential learning, the process must emphasize the active participation in practicing the fundamental skills necessary for continuing work with restorative justice. These skills include empathic communication, diversity, and deep listening. In addition, it is important to instill attitudes and mindsets on restorative practices followed by general restorative justice knowledge.

The effect of experiential learning models and formative test forms on the learning science outcomes by controlling students’ prior knowledge in junior high school

Ida Bagus Putu Mardana — 2025-03-26

This study examined the impact of formative exam forms and the experiential learning model on the science learning of first state junior high school students. A 2×2 factorial design was used, with 111 students selected from 205. Data were collected using a diagnostic test, essay, and objective test instruments. MANCOVA was used to evaluate the data. Results showed that there was an interaction effect between learning models and formative tests on students’ science learning outcomes (F = 111.2; p < .05), students following the experiential learning model had higher learning outcomes than those following the direct learning model (t = -5.401; p < .05). Students learning with essay tests had higher outcomes than those learning with multiple-choice tests (t = -6.176; p < .05). According to the study, to improve the caliber of scientific instruction in junior high school, teachers should implement the experiential learning approach in conjunction with an essay test.

Pre-service teacher preparation model for cultivating posthumanist global citizenship in the urban context

Omsin Jatuporn — 2025-03-28

The article aimed to develop pre-service teacher preparation model for cultivating posthumanist global citizenship. The research and development (R & D) methodology was employed. The objectives consisted of the following: (1) to study the context related to the challenge of teacher preparation to cultivate posthumanist global citizenship, (2) to develop a model for teacher preparation, (3) to implement the model for teacher preparation, and (4) to present policy recommendations for teacher preparation. Details about participants, research instruments and data analysis were extensively demonstrated in texts. The findings indicated that (1) culturally responsive teacher education is still unable to cultivate global citizenship responding to the contexts of socio-cultural and political conflicts, bioregional extinction, social suffering from the pandemic and ecological loss of diverse humans, more-than-humans and non-human species coexisting in the 21st century; (2) The model consisted of 8 components: vision and principles for preparing pre-service teachers, aims and desired competencies of pre-service teacher graduates, 4-year bachelor of education program, professional experience and school-based practicum, educational provision, testing and evaluation, professional development activities, and setting up the learning environment and context; (3) Pre-service teachers had higher posthumanist global citizenship competence after studying with the developed model than they did before studying, and they had overall awareness of ecological consciousness at a high level; (4) Teacher preparation approach should be shifting from human-centric recognizing human as superior learner that is central to mainstream citizenship towards posthuman citizenship by embracing principles, characteristics and learning process of posthumanist global citizenship education.

Investigating Chinese undergraduate students’ pragmatic competence in interpreting through repair in a Thai classroom setting

Zhang Yawen — 2025-03-28

Pragmatic competence in interpreting is important to students who study translation (Bao & Qian, 2013, p. 88; Lu, 2019, p. 37). This research aims to examine Chinese undergraduate students’ problems of pragmatic competence in Chinese-Thai interpreting. Hall’s (2007) concept of ‘repair’ was used as a micro analytical lens through which to analyze classroom interactions between a Thai teacher and twenty Chinese undergraduate students, the data being collected through participant observation. The findings reveal that the Chinese undergraduate students had problems of pragmatic competence in interpreting at both the pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic levels. These problems reflect the fact that Chinese undergraduate students’ knowledge of the differences of language and culture between Chinese and Thai is insufficient and that they lack language training that focuses on pragmatic competence in interpreting. Repair, as an instructional practice used in the classroom, demonstrates that interaction can be used as a means for teaching Chinese undergraduate students’ pragmatic competence in interpreting in the translation classroom. The research has implications for training Chinese undergraduate students and developing their pragmatic competence in interpreting and for teaching and learning Thai as a foreign language.

Soft skills development among vocational students in courses related to medical and comprehensive healthcare industry

Chalobon Nubsaen — 2025-03-26

Vocational education aims to prepare students to enter the workforce. This study aims to develop guidelines for the development of soft skills among vocational students in courses related to the medical and comprehensive healthcare industry by qualitative research methods. Data were collected by interviewing eighteen key informants from six companies consisting of six executives, six human resources officers, and six workers to examine the essential soft skills of vocational graduates in courses related to the medical and comprehensive healthcare industry matched with professional standards and industry requirements, and interviewing thirty-one key informants from four vocational institutes consisting of three administrators, eight teachers, and twenty students to study the current state of students’ soft skills development. The results of both were synthesized as the soft skills development guideline among vocational students in courses related to medical and comprehensive healthcare industry. Findings showed that key essential soft skills among vocational students in courses related to medical and comprehensive healthcare industry are social skills (communication and teamwork), thinking skills (creativity, analytical thinking, and problem-solving), and emotional skills (stress management, anger management, and self-control), which are the foundation of other soft skills. Vocational institutes should encourage the value of soft skills for teachers and students through official meetings, activities, and events, incorporating soft skills into classroom activity through participatory learning, organizing relationship-building activities between students, developing professional teachers with proficiency in teaching soft skills, and assessing students’ soft skills by assessing their portfolio and designating soft skills as part of the student’s learning achievement.

Writing for publication: Strategies and challenges for academic staff in higher education

Urip Sulistiyo — 2025-03-26

Publication is a key step for researchers in disseminating research results to the scientific community and the general public. An effective publication strategy can help researchers or academic staff ensure maximum impactful research. The current study succeeded in exploring the strategies of academic staff in writing for publication in reputable international journals. A descriptive qualitative approach using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) technique has been used in this study to answer the research issue. 20 academic staff of public universities in Indonesia participated in this research. This study found three strategies used by the participants; (1) browsing relevant articles for references, (2) Selecting one relevant article as a model, (3) Matching the quality of the
original article with some articles in targeted journals, (4) Choosing the relevant journal for publication, and (5) preparing a publication-worthy manuscript according to the journal template. Additionally, there were several crucial factors that hindered the improvement of staff in higher education’s publication abilities in international journals. Such consisted of; uneven allocation of
incentive fund distribution, administrative burden, and inconsistent university policy as a facilitator. Suggestions and recommendations were also discussed further in the current study.

Navigating futures: High school career guidance in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta through teachers’ insights

Huynh Thi Thuy Diem — 2025-03-26

This study examines the career guidance practices of high school teachers in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, with an objective to understand their perspectives and roles in facilitating students’ career decisions. Utilizing a qualitative design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 teachers, purposively selected from 10 high schools across 7 provinces, to represent a cross-section of the educational landscape in the region. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis, meticulously identifying recurring topics and ideas across the interviews to understand the challenges and opportunities in career guidance. The analysis highlighted the critical need for tailored educational strategies to enhance career preparedness. These findings aim to inform policymakers and educators in the Mekong Delta and similar regions, offering a foundation for developing effective career guidance frameworks.

Comparison of lifelong learning mindset, learning habits, and selfdirected learning among elementary school teachers with different backgrounds

Tanaporn Wongwanich — 2025-03-28

Fostering teachers as lifelong learners requires a deep understanding of key mobilizing factors towards lifelong learning, with emphasis on lifelong learning mindset, learning habits, and self-directed learning. The objectives of this research are to analyze and compare the lifelong learning mindset, learning habits, and self-directed learning among elementary school teachers with different backgrounds, including gender, work experience, school size, and school affiliation. The population of the study consists of elementary school teachers. The sample includes 943 teachers selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Research instruments include a 5-level Likert scale questionnaire. The findings reveal that the means of lifelong learning mindset, learning habits, and self-directed learning range between 4.28 and 4.57, indicating relatively high levels. There were no significant differences in lifelong learning mindset among teachers based on gender, work experience, school affiliation, and school size. However, teachers with 1–5 years of work experience (4.42) exhibited higher learning habits (4.29) than those with 11 years or more, and the means of learning habits, and self-directed learning among teachers from different school affiliations were significantly different.

The Development of research-based learning model to promote the critical thinking skills in measurement and evaluation education

Pornwilai Sukmak — 2025-03-28

This research aimed (1) to develop the research-based learning model to promote critical thinking skills in measurement and evaluation education; (2) to study the results of using the research-based learning model; and (3) to study the satisfaction of participants through the research-based learning model. The instrument consists of the research-based lesson plan, learning management evaluation form, student satisfaction assessment form, achievement test, and analytical thinking skill form. The sample group was 38 participants who were bachelor students at King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand. The research results showed that (1) the quality of the research-based learning model was at a high level (M = 4.39, SD = 0.15); (2) the quality of the instrument was at a high level (M = 4.24, SD = 0.41); (3) the comparison of learning achievement between the pre-test and the post-test found that was different, statistically significant at the .05 level; (4) Critical thinking skills of participants had an average of 12.79, representing 85.27 percent of the full score. There were 29 participants who received a passing score of 75 percent or higher, representing 76.32 percent of all students with determination of the goal and problem skill (M = 3.37, SD = 0.67), the determination of the hypothesis skill (M = 3.34, SD = 0.67), conclusion skill (M = 3.18, SD = 0.77) was at a high level, and the evaluation skill (M = 2.89, SD = 0.65) was at a fair level; and (5) the participant’s satisfaction with the developed learning and teaching process was at a high level (M = 4.29, SD = 0.19).

The CEGGS school management model

Nantarat Charoenkul — 2025-03-28

This research on a human value creating global citizenship-oriented school management model aimed to: (1) investigate the current and expected states of practices on human value creating global citizenship; (2) explore the solutions and development approaches for implementing such a concept, and (3) propose a suitable human value creating global citizenship-oriented school management model. The research applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches, using questionnaires, interviews, observations and focus group discussions. The sample population comprised 17 alternative private schools in Thailand. Participants were 211 school managers in charge of academic and student affairs, 192 teachers, and 146 sixth grade, ninth grade and twelfth grade students, randomly selected from each level of education, 549 in total. The findings revealed that the CEGGS management model consists of five key principles: (1) collaboration; (2) empathy; (3) generosity; (4) growth mindset, and (5) social justice, followed by five goals: (1) respect human value; (2) lead a life based on knowledge and wisdom; (3) encourage value creating dialectic critical thinking; (4) root the service mind and social justice, and (5) hold sufficiency and sustainability, plus four practical approaches for all the parties concerned to develop students to be human value creating global citizens who help sustain global peace.

Causal relationship of adversity quotient arising from bullying among junior high school ethnic minority students in upper northern Thai schools

Nalaw Jamoo — 2025-03-31

The purpose of this research was to study the causal relationship of the adversity quotient arising from bullying among junior high school ethnic minority students. The sample consisted of 300 junior high school ethnic minority students in upper northern Thai schools; the data were derived from a multi-stage random sampling, and collected using questionnaires; lastly, they were analyzed using a causal structure relationship analysis. The results revealed that the developed model was consistent with the empirical data and that only the optimism variable had a direct effect on the adversity quotient arising from bullying, with a .80 path coefficient; furthermore, it was found that optimism could explain the 63 percent of the variance of adversity quotient arising from bullying. It can be concluded that optimism is an important variable that has direct effect on adversity quotient arising from bullying of ethnic students.

The impact of perceived values on Chinese international students’ decisions to study at a Thai higher education institution

Pak Thaldumrong — 2025-03-31

In the ASEAN region, the number of Chinese International Students (CISs), especially in Southeast Asian countries like Thailand, has been steadily increasing. In 2023, there were more than 17,000 CISs studying in Thailand. What are their perceived values (PVs), and how do they influence the choice of studying in Thai higher education institutions (THEIs) as their destination for studying abroad? Based on these questions, this study takes Panyapiwat Institute of Management (PIM) as an example to deeply analyze the impact of PVs of CIS and their relationship with study decisions (SDs). Based on literatures, this research primarily establishes a conceptual model by analyzing the PVs of CISs towards PIM and their SDs. Data was collected through a questionnaire survey of CISs at the graduate level at PIM. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze and validate hypotheses. The key research finding is that all five dimensions of PVs (i.e. institution reputation, living conditions, admission procedures, education system, employment opportunities) have a positive impact on CISs’ SDs.

The roles of standard, bimodal, and reversed subtitles on English vocabulary learning

Chayata Viriya — 2025-03-26

This 15-week mixed method study examined the impact of standard, bimodal, and reversed subtitles on participants’ vocabulary learning, particularly incidental vocabulary learning and retention in a prerequisite English foundation course. Three intact groups, each receiving a different treatment, of first-year non-English major university students (N = 117) were randomly assigned to the researchers. Data were collected using one episode of documentary series, a vocabulary knowledge test: a pre-test, an immediate post-test, and a delayed post-test, a comprehension test, and an interview. The findings revealed that all three groups had a high level of comprehensive knowledge of the video content. However, when comparing pre- and immediate post-test scores, the reversed subtitle group displayed a significant increase in vocabulary knowledge, including word form and meaning whereas the groups with
standard and bimodal subtitles only showed a significant knowledge gain in meaning. In the delayed post-test conducted approximately three months after the video exposure, the reversed subtitle group maintained their vocabulary knowledge, aligning with their high scores on the immediate post-test during this time span. Conversely, the groups with bimodal and standard subtitles experienced a significant decline in vocabulary knowledge. The interview data highlighted that all three types of subtitles helped with word meaning gains, but their impact on improving word form is unclear.