Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences

How do personality traits contribute to work-life balance? Investigating the role of dark triad and big five personality traits on employees’ work-life balance

Nurharianto Jayadi, Siti Nuzulia — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examines the role of dark triad personality – narcissism,
Machiavellianism, and psychopathy – and Big Five personality traits on work
life balance (WLB) among employees in Indonesia. The results underscore
the significant impact of personality traits on WLB across its resource and
demand dimensions. Utilizing a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were
collected from 185 employees across various jobs and companies in Indonesia
through a self-report questionnaire. The findings indicate that openness,
Machiavellianism, and psychopathy consistently emerge as strong predictors
of WLB, exhibiting large effect sizes in both dimensions. Agreeableness
demonstrates a positive correlation with the resource dimension, while
conscientiousness and neuroticism show negative correlations with the demand
dimension. The influence of narcissism, gender, and marital status on WLB
is not significant. These results imply that personality traits often considered
maladaptive may offer advantages in coping with workplace challenges and
balancing competing demands. The findings suggest that organizations and
individuals could benefit from considering personality traits when formulating
strategies to enhance WLB, particularly in managing stress and demands of the
contemporary work environment.

Happiness, religion, and creativity: The trend of subjective and psychological well-being

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The pursuit of happiness, which includes both social and economic dimensions
affecting an individual’s life, ought to be the paramount objective of government.
Moreover, the well-being of students represents a significant challenge that must
be prioritized in the pursuit of happiness through holistic methods. This stands
in stark contrast to a notable limitation of traditional utility theory, which fails
to adequately consider the enjoyment individuals derive from goods, services,
activities, or amenities. This research is characterized as descriptive qualitative;
the methodology implemented involved a literature review; the instrument
utilized consisted of a compilation of keywords; the articles were gathered
through online applications and generators; and the data analysis was facilitated
by analytical applications and subsequently validated through confirmation. The
findings revealed that happiness is characterized as a condition of well-being and
contentment, whereas creativity is both innovative and requires applicability to
various activities. The summary of this study shows that happiness, defined as
well-being and satisfaction, is associated with higher levels of creativity, longer
lifespan, and a tendency for religious individuals to be happier, and highlights
the importance of subjective experience in psychological well-being and quality
of life. This study contributes a clear definition, action, and integration of
happiness, religion, creativity, subjectivity, and psychological well-being.

Development of innovative mobile applications for dementia prevention in at - risk elders

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Social isolation has been associated with negative health outcomes. In response,
we developed and implemented a mobile application to promote social
engagement among older adults living in their communities. This research and
development (R&D) study aimed to 1) develop a dementia prevention mobile
application called SDU Brain Training for older adults at risk of dementia and
2) examine the application’s quality among a sample of 35 older adults who
were at risk of dementia and living in Bang Len, Song Phi Nong, Suphan Buri.
Data were collected through the Dementia Prevention Mobile Application
Effectiveness Evaluation Survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
The SDU Brain Training application comprised two modules: 1) a 40-item self
assessment test with immediate result interpretations and recommendations and
2) cognitive rehabilitation exercises consisting of brain exercise, meditation
exercise, food tips for brain health, 4-step brain development, brain-healthy
environment tips, and brain training games, e.g. Sudoku and photo hunt games.
The application was evaluated for content validity by three experts using the
index of item-objective congruence (IOC), resulting in IOC scores ranging
from 0.67 to 1. The experts’ feedback on format, content, and images was
incorporated into the application development for Android and iOS operating
systems. The application achieved a β value of .78 and was found compatible
with devices running iOS 12 or Android 8 or higher through ∝ testing.
Additionally, the application effectiveness evaluation yielded an overall mean
score at the highest level (M = 4.84, SD = .38). These results indicate that the
SDU Brain Training application is an effective tool for assisting older adults in
dementia prevention and cognitive rehabilitation.

Quality of life development of the elderly through the management of nursing homes for supporting the aging society

Pattama Pasitpakakul, Somrak Chaisingkananont — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative study examines the physical and social conditions within a
nursing home in Bangkok— Nursing Home A—to determine their impact on the
quality of life of the elderly. Utilizing structured interviews and observational
techniques with 20 selected participants, the study scrutinizes the administrative
and operational frameworks of these facilities, aiming to pinpoint exemplary
practices and pinpoint potential enhancements for elderly care amid Thailand’s
demographic shifts toward an older population. The research indicates that
well-managed facilities, tailored care approaches, and thorough training of staff
substantially boost the satisfaction and general wellness of residents. Identified
challenges include the necessity for improved physical accessibility and the
constraints on resident autonomy due to stringent health safety measures. The
research underscores the critical role of consistent involvement in physical,
cognitive, and social activities in mitigating loneliness and mental decline.
It advocates for infrastructural enhancements, broader wellness initiatives,
augmented staff training, and the broader application of technology to elevate
care quality and administrative efficacy. These findings enrich the ongoing
dialogue on elderly care, providing a model for other entities to emulate and
refine to enhance elder care quality.

Digital divergence: How online media and techno-stress shape communication competencies across higher education roles

Teerada Chongkolrattanaporn, Prichaya Manmin — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to explore the utilization of online media and its impact
on techno-stress and communication competence among higher education
personnel, including students, faculties, institutional administrators and staff.
Drawing from a sample of 2,500 respondents across Thailand, our findings
revealed a significant reliance on platforms like Facebook, Line, and Zoom
for academic tasks. The study identified a moderate level of techno-stress,
with techno-insecurity and techno-uncertainty being the most pronounced
stressors. Despite these challenges, higher education personnel reported high
communication competence, particularly in content and knowledge creation and
collaboration aspects. Notably, the impact of techno-stress varied among groups,
with students and institutional administrator showing increased communication
competence by 1.8 percent and 10.2 percent respectively, while instructor and
staff groups indicated prediction percentages of 1.3 percent and 6.9 percent.
The data also reveal that the relationship between the independent variables
and the dependent variable is predominantly positive if present. Online media
usage positively impacts communication competence across all these groups.
In contrast, techno-stress positively influences the communication competence
of students and institutional administrator only. The structural model confirmed
that online media usage and techno-stress collectively accounted for 2.7 percent
of the variance in communication competence. This influence, though modest,
underscores the intricate interplay between technology and communication
skills in academia and suggests the need for targeted interventions and support
mechanisms for different groups within the higher education sector.

Strategic development model of communication channels to strengthen the secondary destination image: A comprehensive research study of Ratchaburi, Thailand

Revita Saisud — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the role of communication channels in shaping the
secondary destination image of Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. The research
examines the expectations, perceptions, and demographic characteristics of
Thai tourists, comparing pre- and post-experience insights to determine the
most influential communication channels. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach,
the study integrates quantitative analysis through a questionnaire-based
survey (n = 400) and qualitative insights from stakeholder interviews (n = 10).
Key findings indicate that while demographic characteristics have minimal
influence on initial expectations, they significantly impact post-experience
perceptions. Additionally, a strong correlation exists between perceptions and
repeat visitation likelihood. A comprehensive SWOT analysis provides an in
depth strategic perspective, assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats from both tourists’ and stakeholders’ perspectives. These insights inform
the CREATIVE model, a strategic framework comprising 8 key components
designed to enhance destination branding and optimize communication
strategies for secondary destinations. This research offers a practical guide for
policymakers, tourism boards, and local businesses in developing effective
communication strategies, ensuring Ratchaburi strengthens its competitive
positioning. The study acknowledges limitations, including the need for
broader stakeholder perspectives, challenges related to seasonality and external
disruptions such as pandemics, and the necessity for sustained studies to assess
long-term branding effectiveness. The originality of this study lies in its holistic
strategic development model, integrating community engagement, cultural
preservation, sustainable tourism practices, economic development, and
cultural exchange, contributing to the long-term competitiveness and resilience
of secondary tourism destinations.

Empowering Community Training centers in Besuki: The role of strategic partnerships for independence and sustainability

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research is concerned about the strategic partnership and performance
evaluation, covering self-sufficiency and sustainability of the community
training centres (BLKK) in Basuki Regency, Indonesia, with special reference
to decreasing effectiveness of state funding. There is an immediate concern to
be solved which is the self-sufficiency of these institutions and sustainability
of their activities in the current context. As many as 80 managers of BLKK
were interviewed, and a combination of documentary analysis, ordinary
observation, and checking questionnaires were used. The focus group members
articulated that, synergy with educational, formal sector, industrial, and local
community is anticipated to improve autonomy from government control. It was
revealed that the relationships with the community had the greatest impact on
operational management independence and relationships with the government
agencies were most important for financial independence. The results provide
practitioners and policymakers an argument for forging the necessary strategic
alliances, which should be considered of utmost importance for the existence of
the NAOs in the long term. These centres train and prepare people with skills
in areas of practical interest in cooperation with industry for the benefit of the
Indonesian Economy. This work will set the stage for future work that aims to
make community and vocational training interventions more effective.

The mediation effect of employee’s wellbeing of occupants in LEED certified and non-certified office buildings in Bangkok on IEQ and its impacts on employee’s performances

Thanit Teawanit, Aweewan Panyagometh — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study provides a comparison of the occupant and organizational benefits
between LEED certified and NON-LEED certified office buildings located in
Bangkok. This study examined the relationship among occupants’ satisfaction
toward indoor environment quality (IEQ), the employees’ wellbeing,
performance, engagement and their organizational commitment. Structural
Equation Model (SEM) is used to analyze the relationship among the variables.
The results showed that the satisfaction with the IEQ has a significant impact on
employee’s wellbeing and their performance for both certified and NON-LEED
certified buildings. The effects are stronger in LEED certified buildings than
NON-LEED certified buildings. Importantly, this study showed evidence that
the employee well-being is a mediator between IEQ satisfaction and employee’s
performances, engagement and commitment. The evidence from this study
can prove that a better IEQ in sustainable office buildings can increase the
employee’s performance. Moreover, working in sustainable buildings can
enhance the better work environment for occupants, which leads to better
employee well-being. Implications were discussed for a healthy workplace
for an organization and escalating the number of sustainable developments in
Thailand.

Management practices, faculty self-efficacy, and board exam performance in Philippine higher education

Eugelyn R. Felix — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study explores faculty perceptions of management practices, self
efficacy, and board performance at Isabela State University, emphasizing
their interconnections and impact on academic success. Through qualitative
interviews with 28 purposefully selected faculty members, five key themes
emerged: faculty perceptions of management practices, self-efficacy,
board performance, the relationship between these factors, and faculty
recommendations for improvement. Faculty generally perceived ISU’s
management practices positively, particularly its collaborative leadership
style and commitment to academic excellence, though challenges in policy
implementation, resource management, and communication were identified.
Faculty self-efficacy, influenced by experience, training, and administrative
support, was found to positively impact teaching effectiveness. However, those
with additional administrative responsibilities reported lower self-efficacy due
to insufficient training. Faculty also expressed satisfaction with ISU’s board
exam performance but noted challenges, including disruptions caused by the
COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations to improve faculty self-efficacy and
board performance included continuous professional development, enhanced
resource allocation, and better alignment of curricula with board exam
requirements. The study reveals that effective management practices, faculty
self-efficacy, and board performance are mutually reinforcing, with positive
management practices enhancing faculty confidence and, in turn, improving
student outcomes. These findings offer valuable insights for higher education
institutions seeking to enhance leadership practices, faculty development, and
academic performance.

Effects of Korean drama to core values formation of Nationalian students

Jhoanna Andrea E. De Leon, Jemma M. Gonzales, Danielle M. De Guzman — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

A trend in media consumption among today’s generation is binge-watching.
Through it, people are able to keep up with what is new in many aspects,
including cultural trends. One of the most popular media today is Korean
Drama. The consumption of Korean cultural products started to swing in the
midst of the pandemic. This means that K-drama is a media that is very popular
among the generation today. With its established popularity, this research
focused on determining how K-dramas affected the values formation among
the students of National University - Manila. The specific values studied were:
integrity, compassion, innovation, resilience, and patriotism. The study made
use of a mixed-method approach to earn both quantitative and qualitative
insights from the respondents through the use of questionnaires and interviews.
The results of the study revealed the following: 89.32 percent of the respondents
are watching K-dramas, and they have watched an average of 27 K-dramas with
a total time of 16 and a half hours per week spent watching such. With the p -
value for each formation being lower than .05, the results suggest that K-drama
significantly affected Nationalian’s values formation but there is no significant
difference between the formation of values between K-drama viewers and non
K-drama viewers. The findings of the study align with the Media Dependency
Theory which suggests that the intensity of consumption can shape its viewer’s
perspectives that include their value systems.

Cooperative learning, positive classroom climate, school environment, and mindset: Unraveling their impact on students’ social-emotional learning

Suntonrapot Damrongpanit — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the complex dynamics between cooperative learning,
positive classroom climate, school environment, and mindset in fostering
students’ social-emotional learning (SEL). Using Partial Least Squares
Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and mediation analysis of data
from 1,111 early secondary students in Northern Thailand, the findings reveal
a nuanced interplay of factors. Cooperative learning emerged as the strongest
direct influencer on SEL, demonstrating a medium effect size (f² = 0.176),
followed by growth mindset (f² = 0.076). Notably, school environment exhibited
the highest total effect (b = 0.537) and indirect effect (b = 0.447), primarily
channeled through positive classroom climate and cooperative learning. Both
fixed and growth mindsets demonstrated remarkable mediating capabilities
when integrated with supportive environmental factors, achieving full mediation
in two distinct pathways (VAF = 0.8050 for fixed mindset and VAF = 0.8255 for
growth mindset). These findings underscore the critical importance of aligning
external educational ecosystems with students’ internal mindsets, offering
valuable insights for educators and policymakers in designing comprehensive
SEL interventions across diverse educational contexts.

Effects of contextual teaching and learning-based instruction with digital learning tools on writing competency of upper secondary students

Chutima Nukuea, Wipawan Wongsuwan Kongpao — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to (1) compare the writing competency of students before
and after learning through contextual teaching and learning-based instruction
with digital learning tools, and (2) analyze changes in the writing competency
of upper secondary students after learning through contextual teaching and
learning-based instruction with digital learning tools. The participants were 40
Grade 11 students from an extra-large school under The Secondary Educational
Service Area Office Nakhon Si Thammarat. The research materials were writing
tests, questionnaire on attitude towards writing, individual writing competency
records, student learning records, and lesson plans. The data obtained were
analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and t-test. The research findings
indicated that (1) students’ scores were higher after the implementation of
contextual teaching and learning-based instruction with digital learning tools,
statistically significant level of .05, (2) all components: knowledge, skills, and
attitudes improved after learning through contextual teaching and learning
based instruction with digital learning tools.

A preliminary mapping of organizational culture and intercultural communication competence in Indonesian state-owned enterprises

Kussusanti Kussusanti, Soraya Fadhal, Nauralita Dwi Novanny — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Studies on organizational culture and intercultural communication have long
been conducted. One prominent organization fostering an organizational culture
in Indonesia is Indonesia’s State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Despite this
focus, limited research has examined intercultural communication competence
among SOE employees and their perception of organizational culture. In fact,
organizations in Indonesia, which consist of diverse cultures, require cross
cultural communication skills and a shared understanding of organizational
culture in order to achieve their goals. Employing Cameron and Quinn’s
Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) and Deardorff’s (2006)
Intercultural Competence framework, this quantitative study surveyed 315
employees across 42 state-owned enterprises. Results indicate a prevailing
Market culture, defined by five key dimensions: leadership, human resources,
organizational cohesion, strategic priorities, and success criteria. However,
based on dominant characteristics, SOEs also align with a Hierarchy culture—
formal, structured, and reliant on established procedures. The findings indicate
a significant relationship between organizational culture and intercultural
communication competence, highlighting the importance of intercultural
competence in market-oriented organizations.

Improving educator effectiveness through transformational leadership and collaborative social support: Insights from a study in Indonesian police education

Medy Dwi Indardi, Suwito Eko Pramono, Tri Joko Raharjo, Arief Yulianto — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research explores the elements affecting the teacher’s achievement
at Sekolah Polisi Negara (SPN) in Purwokerto, Central Java, focused on
transformational leadership, social support, professional commitment, and
motivation. The main aim is to clarify economic issues concerning the ways
the effectiveness of teachers are improved in specialized educational settings.
Quantitative descriptive research was used where 150 teachers from different
departments in SPN Purwoker to were surveyed as participants in the study.
The information was gathered by means of systematized and structured
questionnaires and was evaluated employing SEM to model the structural
relationship between the identified variables. In addition, qualitative data
were collected through semi-structured interviews with selected educators,
allowing for a deeper understanding of their experiences and perspectives
regarding leadership and support. The findings showed that transformational
leadership together with social support increased the teacher’s commitment
as well as motivation, which eventually enhanced their performance. These
insights portray how teacher engagement and effectiveness are driven by good
leadership in teaching and a supportive work environment. Lastly, the study
recommended the introduction of policies directed at the enhancement of
transformational management and social support policies within educational
systems. These issues should enable the administrators and other educational
stakeholders to create a better learning environment conducive to good quality
of teaching and even better student performance

Impact of five-stage teacher training program for teaching with problem-based tasks on mathematics teachers’ belief and practice

Sri Suryanti, Liza Puspita Yanti, Christine Wulandari Suryaningrum — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

It is imperative that educators be adequately equipped to develop and
execute problem-based tasks (PBT) through a comprehensive teacher training
program. The retention of training outcomes among educators remains a
challenge for the current teacher training model. This study examines the impact
of five-stage teacher training programs on the beliefs and practices of teachers.
The program utilized a quasi-experimental design over a six-month period, with
a focus on (1) the beliefs of teachers regarding the implementation of PBT and
(2) the practices of teachers in utilizing PBT. These variables were evaluated
through training worksheets and questionnaires that were distributed both
before and after the program. The experimental group consisted of 49 educators,
while the control group consisted of 27 educators. The experimental group
was involved in the program’s five stages: recognizing PBT, analyzing PBT,
prototyping PBT, implementing PBT, and evaluating PBT. Comprehensive
interviews were conducted with nine teachers at the conclusion of the program
to evaluate the program’s impact on their ability to devise and implement PBT.
The questionnaire was completed voluntarily by the control group, which did
not participate in the program. The significance of differences in teacher beliefs
was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. The research results revealed
significant discrepancies between the experimental and control groups in two
aspects: the characteristics of PBT and the belief in its implementation in
classroom instruction. The research also underscored the discrepancies in task
design between the novice teacher and the senior teacher.

A meta-analysis study: Does the open-ended approach to learning mathematics have an effect on students’ high-level mathematical thinking abilities?

Jarnawi Afagani Dahlan, Syifa Syafira Al Ghifary, Edi Supriyadi — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this study is to comprehensively examine the impact of an
open-ended instructional approach on students’ high-order mathematical
thinking skills. The study utilized meta-analysis, using a dataset consisting of
63 scientific papers that contained experimental research findings. Publication
bias testing was conducted on 36 papers in 5 iterations, resulting in the
identification of 30 publications that fulfilled the intended conditions. The
analytical results indicated that, on average, the open-ended approach had a
significant impact on students’ high-order mathematical thinking skills, falling
inside the category of adequate. According to the educational level, it was
discovered that the open-ended approach had a consistent impact across all
levels of education, ranging from elementary school to university. Additionally,
there was no variation in the extent of the impact between different levels of
education. The impact of the open-ended approach on high-order mathematical
thinking skills is highly significant in both small and large classrooms, with no
obvious distinction between the two. According to the mathematics material,
the open-ended approach has a highly significant effect size in enhancing high
order mathematical thinking skills. The findings of this study validate that the
open-ended approach is critical in enhancing students’ high-order mathematical
thinking skills at all educational levels, and is not influenced by the quantity of
students in a class.

The crucial role of peace education in the family in fostering a sustainable social harmony

YP Wahyu Gunawan, Supriyono, Endang Sri Redjeki, Abdul Latif Bustami — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research investigates the dynamics of peace education in families,
specifically how informal learning processes influence character-building and
social harmony. Using qualitative methods and a phenomenology approach,
the research involved in-depth interviews and observations in Dukuh Munggur,
Kembangsari Village, Boyolali Regency, Central Java, to understand the
experiences of adult family members in instilling peace values. The Thematic
Analysis uncovered how daily interactions rich in traditions, religious values,
and social relations intertwined with peace education, establishing peace as a
social capital deeply rooted in community life. The results show that informal
education within the family plays a crucial role in promoting tolerance,
harmony, and peace through shared activities and intergenerational transmission
of values. This research emphasizes the importance of the family’s role as an
‘informal educational institution’ in creating a peaceful and harmonious life
by prioritizing the formation of responsible character and the transmission of
moral and ethical values to the younger generation. In conclusion, the family’s
informal learning process, which integrates peace education into daily life, is
an essential foundation for developing a harmonious society. This research
is crucial because it emphasizes integrating peace education into family life,
fostering sustainable social harmony.

Need analysis on developing Using (Osing) teaching material as a mother tongue learning in Indonesia

Memmy Dwi Jayanti, Yumna Rasyid, Fathiaty Murtadho — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Students in Indonesia must complete the study of regional languages as their
mother tongue learning. Regional languages for students are considered difficult
because of inadequate teaching materials, especially Using (Osing) language
teaching materials for elementary school students. This study is an analysis of
the need to determine the foundation to be used in the development of teaching
material products in elementary school in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia.
This study used convergent parallel mixed method and qualitative approach
to conduct surveys and interviews for data analysis. The results showed that
students need teaching materials Using (Osing) regional languages for mother
tongue learning. Analyze student needs by pointing out eight things: who
the language learner is, proficiency level, intercultural competence, learning
preferences, attitudes, goals and expectations, target context, and student
interests. Meanwhile, four things for teachers ‘ needs are related to problems
and identifying priorities facing teachers, identifying abilities, identifying
attitudes, and solutions. These results will be the basis for the development of
Using (Osing) language teaching materials for elementary school students in
Indonesia.

A causal model of exercise behaviors among undergraduate students based on the PRECEDE model

Korada Mattayakorn, Witsanu Rotsuwan — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to develop and examine the validity of a model of
causal relationships among predisposing factors (PF), enabling factors (EF),
and reinforcing factors (RF) that affected the exercise behavior (EX) of students
at Prince of Songkla University. The sample was 418 undergraduate students
at Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai Campus, selected using a multistage
random sampling method. The instrument used was a questionnaire. Statistical
data were analyzed using frequency, mean, percentage, and standard deviation,
confirmatory component analysis, and linear structural equation model analysis
(path analysis). The results revealed that the causal model of exercise behavior
among undergraduate students according to the PRECEDE health promotion
planning concept corresponded well with the empirical data (Chi-square; χ² =
60.900, df = 46.00, p = .06, GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.96, CFI = 1.00, SRMR = 0.03,
and RMSEA = 0.02). The variables in the model accounted for 71 percent of the
variance in exercise behavior. The variable (PF) had a direct influence on (EF)
and (EX), with effect sizes of 0.71 and 0.34, respectively, and had an indirect
influence on (RF) through (EF) and (EX) with effect sizes of 0.60 and 0.40,
respectively. In addition, (EF) had a direct influence on (RF) and (EX), with
effect sizes of 0.85 and 0.44, respectively, while (EF) was indirectly influenced
by (EX), with an effect size of 0.12. Additionally, (RF) directly influenced (EX),
with an effect size of 0.14, which was statistically significant at the .01 level.

Andragogy in the story of Musa ‘Alaihissalam with his people (Study of Surah Al-Baqarah 67–74 in Tafsir Al-Azhar Buya Hamka and Tafsir at Tanwir Muhammadiyah)

Syamsul Hidayat, Siti Sholihah, Lukman Affandi — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research tries to explore the andragogy content in Surah al -Baqarah verses
67–74 according to Tafsir Al-Azhar and Tafsir Al-Tanwir and its relevance to
adult education today. The research data were collected using documentation
techniques, analyzed using this analysis method (content analysis) using the
theory and character of andragogy according to Malcolm. S. Knowles, namely,
self concept, experience, orientation Study, readiness Study, motivation, the
form of his awareness as a servant of Allah, recognizing Allah’s knowledge,
being patient, forgiving, thinking about the safety of his people, communicating
impersonally, respecting his people. The self-concept of the Mosaic people
was negative, with an attitude of not recognizing God’s power, despising
God’s messengers, being arrogant, too rational, and hard-hearted. The learning
motivation that is instilled is motivation as a servant of God who is obedient
and fearful of God, not just fulfilling Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Different
from andragogy theory, the learning orientation reflected in these verses is
inseparable from human awareness of the importance of seeking knowledge as
part of fulfilling Allah’s commands. The integration of digital technologies into
both face-to-face and online learning environments, require existing application
Quranic andragogy theory, which is built on the foundation of faith and noble
morals, with interactive, communicative methods, mutual respect and openness.
Quranic andragogy will position humans as obedient servants of Allah and
caliphs who are able to realize a good life and obtain mercy and forgivenes
from Allah.

Ethnomathematics-Integrated process learning exploration to build math connections

Buhaerah Mappanyompa, Abdullah Bin Ibrahim, Ketuat Suastika, Nurjanna — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines how integrating ethnomathematics strengthens real-world
mathematical connections. Linking math to local culture helps students understand
and apply concepts in daily life. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods
to examine the impact of ethnomathematics integration on students’ mathematical
connections. With a One-Group Pretest-Posttest design, this study involved
seventh-grade junior high school students in South Sulawesi. The pretest measured
initial skills, while the posttest assessed improvements after ethnomathematics
based learning. The research instruments included tests, observations, and
questionnaires. The test evaluated mathematical connection skills before and after
the intervention, observations ensured the appropriateness of the learning, and
the questionnaire captured students’ responses. Teachers connected mathematical
concepts with local culture in the learning process, such as weaving patterns and
traditional measurements. Students explored these relationships through exercises
and problem-solving and reflected on their applications. The pretest and posttest
results were compared to assess the effectiveness of the learning, supported by
observation and questionnaire analysis. The research findings show that students’
understanding of mathematical concepts and skills is still not optimal when
applied in real situations. This indicates a gap between conceptual knowledge and
practical application in everyday life. To bridge this gap, a deeper integration of
ethnomathematics is recommended. By connecting abstract mathematical concepts
with local culture and students’ everyday experiences, this approach increases the
relevance of learning and strengthens the connection between mathematical theory
and practice.

Reconceptualizing community-based education (Islamic Boarding Schools) in Neoliberal context: An analysis of parental choice, social class, and market forces

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research is focused on analyzing the dynamics of market for Islamic boarding
schools and the shifting parental choice within the Muslim community, which
is prompting these educational institutions to reform, focusing on enhancing
the quality of facilities and also diversifying programs. Consequently, the
cost of education in these institutions has tended to rise, leading to a situation
where access has become more exclusive and limited to specific groups. Henry
Giroux stated that the phenomena of corporatization and commercialization in
the education sector reflect neoliberal practices. Empirically, Islamic boarding
schools seem to be tied to the logic of capital through the commercialization
of education and the products offered. This research uses a qualitative method.
Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document
analysis, with thematic analysis employed to interpret the findings. The results
indicate that the high demand for IBS generates strong market pressures,
compelling institutions to implement pricing strategies, strategic location
selection, and accessibility improvements while fostering conducive learning
environments. Promotional efforts, including scholarships, open houses, and
digital marketing, further reinforce the marketization of IBS. The findings
suggest that community-based education within IBS has shifted towards a
market-driven system, reflecting the internalization of neoliberal values in
Islamic education.

The process of becoming a digital labor of retail traders on the forex proprietary firms’ trading platform

Teerapong Ketmanee — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research article is an academic work in the sociology of finance that
studies the becoming process of digital labor among Thai retail traders on the
Forex prop firms’ trading platform. According to the research results, retail
traders desire to change themselves into professional traders of Forex prop
firms. If retail traders can pass the trading evaluation, they will get a contract
signed and have the opportunity to receive up to millions of dollars in funding,
including more than 90 percent of the profit share. However, the trading process
of Forex prop firms is fraught with the same strict trading rules. Therefore, only
a few retail traders are successful, but most retail traders fail and are unable to
make a profit in the long run. For this reason, Forex prop firms’ main income
comes from charging fees in the trading evaluation of most failed retail traders
while the secondary income of Forex prop firms comes from utilizing trading
data that are generated by a few successful retail traders. Under such conditions,
both successful and failed retail traders have a status of digital labor on trading
platforms that were exploited by the Forex prop firms.

The influence of entrepreneur orientation and digital competencies to sustainable competitive advantage of artisanal fisheries in Maluku: A case study in Kei Island, Southeast Maluku

Alexandra E. M. Tutuhatunewa, Yosef Dedy Pradipto — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Artisanal fisheries face significant challenges in achieving competitiveness
and sustainability, particularly in resource-limited regions like Maluku,
Indonesia. This study examines the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation
(EO) and Digital Competencies (DC) on Sustainable Competitive Advantage
(SCA), guided by the Resource-Based View (RBV) framework. EO
encompasses innovation, proactiveness, and risk-taking, while DC effectively
uses digital tools to enhance decision-making and operational efficiency. Data
were collected from 150 artisanal fishers in Kei, Southeast Maluku, through
structured surveys. The findings indicate that EO significantly impacts SCA
(path coefficient = .687), highlighting its role as a primary driver of long-term
competitiveness. DC also contributes positively to SCA (path coefficient =
.101), although its impact is more supportive, amplifying the effects of EO.
Additionally, the relationship between EO and DC (path coefficient = .248)
underscores their interconnectedness, as entrepreneurial behaviors foster the
adoption of digital tools. EO and DC account for 51.6 percent of the variance
in SCA, demonstrating their synergistic influence. This study advances RBV
by integrating modern capabilities with traditional knowledge in artisanal
fisheries, addressing gaps in understanding how internal resources contribute
to competitive advantage in resource-constrained contexts. Practically, the
findings emphasize the importance of fostering entrepreneurial behaviors and
strengthening digital skills through targeted interventions, such as training
programs and infrastructure development. Collaborative efforts among
policymakers, stakeholders, and technology providers are essential for artisanal
fishers to build resilience, enhance sustainability, and achieve long-term
competitive success.

Debt to the public but not public debt: Seeking legal solutions to Bangkok’s debt obstacles.

Tinlaphas Chupantanarakul, Monthol Uttabolyukol — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Facing an unprecedented fiscal challenge stemming from the Bangkok
Mass Transit System (BTS) Green Line extension and lingering effects of
COVID-19, Bangkok bears a debt burden of THB 40 billion, exceeding that of
any other local self-governed organization in Thailand. Despite falling outside
the definition of public debt and its assets being legally immune from seizure,
Bangkok remains obligated to repay this debt. However, its current financial
shortcomings and existing solutions, such as acquiring additional loans,
issuing bonds, seeking government intervention, negotiating with creditors,
or restructuring, are either practically infeasible or untested within the Thai
context, making finding a solution critically urgent.
Researchers suggest adapting principles akin to those enshrined in
Chapter 9 of the US Bankruptcy Code and integrating them into the existing
Thai bankruptcy statute. This approach could offer a valuable and structured
framework for effectively restructuring Bangkok’s debt burden while ensuring
the continued provision of essential public services. Notably, the proposal
includes an automatic stay provision, offering temporary relief from creditors.
Furthermore, concerns that typically deter American municipalities from
pursuing Chapter 9, such as adverse market reactions or population decline, are
deemed less relevant within the specific context of Bangkok

Exploring the influence of financial literacy on financial happiness and wellbeing: Evidence of physical therapists in Thailand

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to examine the influence of Financial Literacy on
Financial Happiness and Well-being among physical therapists in Thailand by
employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The sample group consisted
of 175 physical therapists in Thailand. The findings reveal that Financial
Literacy does not have a positive influence on Well-being. However, Financial
Literacy positively influences Financial Happiness, and Financial Happiness
positively influences Well-being. Furthermore, this research suggests that
developing financial literacy and cultivating financial happiness are crucial
factors contributing to the well-being of physical therapists. Emphasizing
the development of good financial behavior from the student level, alongside
enhancing financial knowledge, attitudes, and both short-term and long-term
financial planning, will help promote financial happiness and well-being among
physical therapists. This, in turn, will positively impact their work performance
and patient care in the long run.

Comparative study of financial management before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic of Mae Kampong Village Homestay business, Chiang Mai province.

Wanlop Lomtaku, Sittichai Leewiwatwong — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

One type of travel that contributes to sustainable tourism is the homestay.
Mutual exchange of cultural knowledge leads to the final distribution of
revenue within society. This study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of
the financial management of the Mae Kampong village homestay business in
Chiang Mai province prior to, during, and following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Data were gathered from 50 homestay owners in Mae Kampong village, Chiang
Mai province, using a questionnaire, and from the community chief, in-depth
interviews were performed. Frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation,
and context analysis were used to examine the data. The research revealed
that all homestay owners are Mae Kampong village cooperative members.
Most of them had run a homestay business for 1–5 years. They hold a primary
education and run other types of business apart from homestay, such as owning
a shop. During the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the samples had less income
than before the Covid-19 pandemic, and the income increased again after the
Covid-19 pandemic. They had a similar amount of expenditure in the three
periods. They did not have savings and investment prior and during Covid-19
pandemic, but they had more saving and investment after Covid-19 pandemic.
Some samples had debt which came from homestay renovation. During
Covid-19 pandemic, most of the samples had lower proportion of income from
homestay than pre Covid-19 pandemic, but the homestay income was higher
again after Covid-19 pandemic.

Development of public’s role in Thailand medical tourism driven through public-private partnerships

Ngamnetr Eiamnakha — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze the confirmatory factors of Public-Private
Partnerships (PPPs) in medical tourism and to propose guidelines for the
public sector’s role in driving medical tourism through PPPs. A mixed-method
approach was employed, utilizing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in a
quantitative study to validate the components of PPPs in medical tourism.
The sample for this study comprised 220 health tourism operators and small
entrepreneurs involved in health and tourism-related activities within the area.
An in-depth interview protocol with semi-structured, open-ended questions
was applied to gather insights from 10 key informants. These informants
included executives from health and tourism agencies, health and tourism
business operators, and scholars specializing in public policy and PPPs. The
questionnaire used in this research was developed based on a thorough literature
review and tested for reliability through a pilot study. The overall reliability of
the questionnaire was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.951.
Quantitative data were analyzed using Social Science software packages.
Descriptive statistics, such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation, along
with inferential statistics like CFA were applied. The results of the quantitative
analysis confirmed that the seven components of the PPPs model in health
tourism aligned with the empirical data. Furthermore, the qualitative findings
emphasized that the government should prioritize promoting medical tourism
for healthcare purposes, modernization of laws and regulations, enhancing
capacity building, and strengthening responsible public agencies by addressing
the factors influencing PPPs in medical tourism.

The interconnected dynamics through structural equation modelling in the context of revisiting Phuket, Thailand in the aftermath of Covid-19

Winayaporn Bhrammanachote, Nathdanai Pratuangboriboon, Yothin Sawangdee — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Phuket is a prominent tourist destination known for its magnificent
beaches, vibrant nightlife, and fantastic classical architecture. Prior to the
Covid-19 pandemic, the island attracted millions of visitors around the world,
contributing to Thailand’s economy. The aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic
has significantly reshaped the landscape of global tourism, and as the world
gradually recovers, an intention to revisit tourist destinations is experiencing
a renaissance. The aim of this research is to explore the connection between
anxiety, attitude, perception, and revisit intention to Phuket, Thailand. Data
collection was gathered through an online survey consisting of 3,194 responses
all over Thailand, during October and November 2021.This paper presents the
Structural Equation Model (SEM) in analyzing the relationship between the
variables. The results of causal relationship model analysis of the connection
between variables showed the consistency index of the model based on the
Chi-squared test values (χ² = 499.034, df = 172, χ²/df = 2.901, p value = .000,
RMSEA = 0.024, RMR = 0.022, GFI = 0.986, NFI = 0.991, and TLI = 0.986).
This holistic perspective contributes to the theoretical framework surrounding
tourist behavior and mental health by illustrating how these constructs
interact in the context of travel. However, the key finding from this research
demonstrated that anxiety influences the opposite direction to revisit intention;
anxiety exists only in the crisis situation.

Decoding hotel brand loyalty in the digital era: A multidimensional analysis of online feedback, service quality, and customer engagement in western Thailand

Issarapong Poltanee — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The study aims to elucidate the impact of online guest feedback on hotel
selection in Western Thailand. Its objective is to increase understanding of how
internet users’ reviews influence satisfaction, engagement, and loyalty in the
luxury hotel sector. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the research
examines key factors affecting online guest reviews: guest feedback, hotel
management response, and customer decision-making processes. These factors,
in turn, impact levels of service quality, customer satisfaction, and engagement
in the hotel and tourism industry in Western Thailand. The practical problem
arises when there is a decline in customer engagement and loyalty. Hotel
management particularly faces challenges in addressing negative comments in
the online market. The quantitative method tested the validity of measurements
and the correlation of constructs through GSCAM and NCA tools. Four hundred
and three respondents participated in the survey, primarily associated with
the hotel and tourism profession. The results demonstrate that the customer’s
decision-making process and guest online feedback have the most significant
impact on overall service quality, which in turn influences customer satisfaction
and engagement behaviors. The study’s implications are to foster luxury hotel
management and sustainable tourism by effectively managing online reviews
in developing regions. Limitations and suggestions for future research are
also discussed to contribute to an overall understanding of existing and future
hospitality studies.

Creative innovation based on wildlife biodiversity for participatory ecotourism management in Prachuap Khiri Khan province

Nipharat Saiprasert, Danai Winairat — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

As the demand for housing and agricultural land increases, conflicts
between humans and wildlife have become more pervasive, resulting in
the unfortunate loss of wild elephants and gaurs in Prachuap Khiri Khan
Province (PKN). Meanwhile numerous wildlife species still hold potential
for tourism promotion. The necessary knowledge related to wildlife in PKN
was explored and synthesized to design and develop a wildlife tourism (WT)
innovation that involves local participation to address conflicts and promote
WT in the area. This innovation consists of four routes, a guidebook and
four video clips. Subsequently, use of WT innovation was evaluated with
tourists who participated in the program. After the trips, they reported high
satisfaction (84.33%) with the overall WT innovation. Feedback from users,
academics, and stakeholders revealed positive perceptions (+8.40) of the WT
innovation, acknowledging its benefits for wildlife ecotourism and expressed
low confidence (+2.39) in its ability to fully resolve human-wildlife conflicts
and generate substantial income for the local community. Finally, the 3A7M
wildlife ecotourism management model (3A7M model) was constructed based
on lesson learned from WT management in Kui Buri National Park (NP). This
model has been accepted by stakeholders who are relevant WT in PKN and can
serve as guideline for initiating WT management or enhancing WT potential in
any wildlife protected areas.

Exploring K-pop artists’ cultural appropriation through the lens of Thai K-pop fans’ perceptions

Nasatorn Witayarat — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

There is currently a heated debate taking place amongst both scholars and fans
concerning whether K-pop (Korean pop music) artists culturally appropriate
foreign cultures into their music videos. This qualitative study seeks to fill the
gap in the literature by examining the approach of Thai K-pop fans relative to
this issue. The research draws on online interviews with Thai K-pop fans of
various ages, as well as lengths of fandom. The findings demonstrate mixed
opinions concerning the issue of cultural appropriation in K-pop. K-pop
music is also identified as a new and distinct musical form of hybridity, with
artists blending differing cultural elements into a Korean style. The study also
examines how the blending of cultures, particularly elements of Black culture,
may contribute to the global appeal of K-pop. Additionally, it identifies the
failure to credit those aspects taken from Black culture or to acknowledge
the related history of racism, including inappropriate behaviour towards other
cultures. Thus, this study demonstrates a range of implications from cultural
appropriation, in particular the need for appropriate recognition and respect
towards other cultures.

Factors affecting beliefs in culture and tradition: The alms bowl of the brokenness of villagers in Nakhon Si Thammarat province to enhance current livelihood development

Daycho Khaenamkhaew — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This qualitative study examines the factors influencing beliefs in the culture and
tradition of the alms bowl of brokenness and proposes guidelines for resolving
conflicts arising from beliefs. Through interviews and observation of 12 key
informants, including folk philosophers and Buddhist monks, the research
employs interpretive analysis to synthesize the data. The study findings revealed
that beliefs are significantly shaped by occult practitioners who employ both
white and black magic in rituals intended for healing or harm. These practices
include the secretive use of the broken Buddha bowl from temples, which are
buried to enact curses. Guidelines for conflict resolution: The study outlines
detailed ceremonial procedures essential for resolving conflicts within this
tradition. It emphasizes the importance of a sacred venue, such as temples or
monasteries, and involves participants skilled in occult and religious rituals.
The ceremonies are meticulously planned, incorporating offerings of rice grains
and the strategic placement of nails into a Sangkawannon to protect against
and dispel negative energies, culminating in the disposal of The Alms Bowl of
Brokenness in water. These insights contribute to understanding and managing
cultural beliefs and disputes related to this ancient tradition, integrating deep
rooted spiritual practices with community conflict resolution.

The swear word “Anjing” as a tool of dehumanization: A study of Indonesia football supporters’ behaviour

Faridhian Anshari, Irwan Martua Hidayana — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

The relationship between humans and animals in the context of sports reveals
intriguing insights into human behaviour. Dogs, once a symbol and a mascot,
have now experienced a troubling shift. They are subjected to swearing by
Indonesian football supporters, expressing emotions during matches using the
swear word “Anjing” (meaning “dogs” in English). This study aims to analyse
the meaning and impact of such swearing on supporters’ behaviour. Applying
the theory of Dehumanization and Ethnography of Communication, this
research employed participants observation, in-depth interviews, and document
studies. Observing supporters’ behaviour during twenty-one football matches
from January 2022 to June 2023, and interviewing five football supporters, the
study explores the meaning behind swearing behaviour. The findings revealed
that the swear word “Anjing” represents a form tool of dehumanization
indicating diverse characteristics adaptable to various subjects. The primary
intention is to dehumanize opposing supporters. This choice of swearing target
can degrade human subjects compared to animals, particularly in Indonesia,
where dogs are associated with uncleanliness and thievery in religious and
cultural contexts. Using “Anjing” in swearing may incite verbal retaliation and
potential escalation to violence. A novelty from this study shows that animals
can become objects of profanity, serving as a tool form of dehumanization.
Especially in Indonesia, dogs, which are associated positively elsewhere,
are transformed into derogatory objects to demean humans. In conclusion,
this study sheds light on the complex implications of employing “Anjing” as
profanity, highlighting the intertwining of sociocultural beliefs with sporting
expressions and its impact on supporter behaviour.

Policies for developing and promoting income-generating occupational groups for the elderly Case Study of Sakon Nakhon Municipality, Thailand.

Piyanoot Ruangpon, Thitawan Insaad — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study examined the management of elderly occupational groups and
the implementation of policies aimed at improving their quality of life
by promoting employment. It also proposed guidelines to enhance policy
implementation. A qualitative research approach was used, collecting data
via in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. The
findings showed that municipalities supported the formation of elderly groups
to produce and sell goods. However, several challenges were identified,
including the lack of cost accounting systems, absence of permanent sales
locations, and limited marketing networks. Policy implementation through
hierarchical structures resulted in reactive rather than proactive approaches
by staff. Although municipalities provided materials and budgets, the lack of
sales facilities hindered long-term sustainability. Despite some progress in
promoting elderly employment, centralized policy frameworks created gaps in
meeting the specific needs of elderly groups. To bridge these gaps, the study
proposed guidelines focused on improving group management, strengthening
policy implementation, and developing vocational training programs. This
study also suggested encouraging collaboration among stakeholders, addressing
implementation challenges, and supporting the sustainability and income
generating capacity of such groups.

Development of TANGGUH Gamification (Traditional Games in Indonesian Historiography) in Indonesian cross-cultural courses and its impact on the growth of national identity awareness

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research develops the gamification of TANGGUH (Traditional Games
in Indonesian Historiography) as a learning medium to increase student
involvement in history learning, cross-cultural understanding, and preservation
of local wisdom in Indonesia. This gamification integrates traditional games
in Indonesian Cross-Cultural courses to strengthen students’ national identity.
This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the
ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development,
Implementation, and Evaluation. In the Analysis stage, the needs of students in
understanding the value of local history and culture are identified. The Design
stage produces a learning media design that combines traditional games with
gamification elements to create an interactive learning environment. In the
Development stage, the TANGGUH application was validated by material
and media experts with high feasibility results, obtaining a score of 4.53 for
material validation and 4.46 for media validation. In the Implementation stage,
the trial with 21 students based on 10 indicators resulted in an average score
of 4.21 showing very high effectiveness. The findings of the study show that
the integration of traditional games as teaching materials in the context of
history, culture, and local wisdom significantly enriches the learning experience
of students. The results of the questionnaire showed an increase in national
identity awareness from 3.12 to 4.27, with an N-gain score of 1.15, signaling
a significant change. Therefore, TANGGUH gamification has proven to be
effective and worthy of use in history learning and contributing to strengthening
national identity and appreciation of Indonesia’s cultural heritage.

Analysis of the Buddhist philosophy of Phra Panya Nantha Phikkhu to innovative art on the subject of dharma puzzles

Somporn Turee, Ditawat Innupat, Pattana Chinnasot — Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This research and analysis focus on the Buddhist philosophy of Phra Panya
Nantha Bhikkhu and its influence on innovative art dealing with the mystery of
Dhamma. The objective is to analyze the Buddhist philosophy of Phra Panya
Nantha Bhikkhu from Wat Chonlaprathan Rangsarit and the murals from the
reign of King Rama IV in terms of style, content, beliefs, artistic elements,
and symbols expressing mystery. This analysis aims to generate knowledge for
the creation of innovative art centered on Dhamma puzzles, foster interaction
among people involved in the work, and raise awareness of the Buddhist
philosophy of Phra Panya Nantha Bhikkhu. This awareness aims to inspire faith
in Buddhism and serve as a moral and ethical foundation for youth and society.
From the analysis and interpretation of the Buddhist philosophy of Phra Panya
Nantha Bhikkhu and the murals from the reign of King Rama IV, the creation
of innovative art emerges. These mysterious stories incorporate a new structural
component that reflects both the form of reality and the content of Phra Panya
Nantha Bhikkhu’s Dhamma teachings, representing mystery in a way that
encourages viewers to ponder and interpret their meaning, thus affecting their
perception of beauty.
The results of this innovative artistic creation demonstrate the process of
developing 2D paintings into 3D realistic works. The presentation of AR
(augmented reality) techniques enhances the perception of dharma mysteries
through four works, contributing to the creation of knowledge and innovative
art processes while promoting arts and cultural tourism.

The Implementation of Differentiated German Language Learning based on CLIL in Indonesia

Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to identify key considerations for German language teachers
in Indonesia in implementing differentiated German language learning through
the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) method based on the
platform Kinderuniversität to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs). This research was conducted at Universitas Negeri Malang with 19
teachers as representatives of German Language teachers from the whole
of Indonesia as research studies. This qualitative study used a descriptive
method supported by quantitative data. The instrument used was the teacher’s
questionnaire and the document of the lesson plan that they made during the
studies (through a workshop). Based on the results of the study, it can be
learned that there are several aspects that need to be considered in implementing
differentiated learning, including asking each student about their favorite
themes, giving students the opportunity to choose their own learning methods
and strategies, offering assistance to weak students, using media to stimulate
the use of all senses, providing additional tasks for fast learners, providing
alternative tasks that are easier and more difficult, providing additional time
for slow learners, and using project assignments in German language learning
so that each student can contribute what they have mastered. By considering
these things, differentiated learning can be implemented. Through differentiated
instruction with the CLIL method, students are given various choices based on
their individual preferences and needs. Thus, German language learning can
accommodate student differences and improve the quality of learning.