Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences

Development of Interactive Teaching Resources (ITR) in technology and livelihood education

Joseline M. Santos, Aileen H. Abelgos, Noel P. Lomerio Jr.

The aim of this study is to contribute to the online learning resources freely available for TLE teachers. The researchers, through the contributors, developed ITR in TLE through the use of the Wordwall Application. The study developed interactive teaching resources (ITR) for the Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) subject using the Wordwall application. The developed ITR were curated in a TLE Hub for easy access by the teachers and the students. The ITR and TLE Hub were evaluated by experts and TLE teachers to ensure acceptability and usability. The ITRs were evaluated based on technological acceptance in terms of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude to use and intention to use. The TLE Hub was evaluated using system usability scale. The study revealed that the ITR and TLE Hub are acceptable by the experts and TLE teachers highlighting perceived usefulness and ease of use, which got the highest rating. With the limited resources of TLE available online, the development of the TLE Hub is a great contribution to the teachers. TLE teachers are recommended to be trained to create ITR using the Wordwall application and become contributors to the TLE Hub.

Village facilitators’ professional competency in the era of disruption: A case study in Malang Regency, Indonesia

Muhammad Khoirul Fatihin, Bambang Budi Wiyono, M. Ishaq, Zulkarnain, Sucipto

Facilitators that serve to facilitate the attainment of SDGs are needed. That facilitators need to upgrade their skills in order to meet the societal needs in the era of disruption as developing creativity and critical thinking skills is deemed essential to capitalizing on the information technology for life constitutes a challenge. This research is aimed at finding out the needs that the facilitators have for competency in the disruptive era. Qualitative approach was employed with semi-structured interviews conducted to elicit information from 11 participants. The research findings revealed that facilitators who learned about their needs for competency in the era of disruption were enabled to provide hand-holding support to society. Understanding the digital literacy streamlined the finding of learning sources and the utilization of technology for developing the capacity through the ability to conduct social analyses, design educational activities and trainings that tailored social learning opportunities to the needs for the skill development. Understanding the economy enabled facilitators to spot an opportunity in developing asset and community potential-based local economy. Having the ability to plan and manage a program would ensure the programs be effective and collaboration of various parties facilitate the attainment of development goal more quickly. These findings offer benefits to the stakeholders such as the policy makers, facilitators, and other parties who are concerned about human capital building in the villages.

K-drama from the perspective of popular culture

Nguyen Minh Giang

Korean dramas (K-drama) are one of the essential resources of Korean culture in general, and Korean popular culture in particular. By the systematic method, comparative method, and analytical-synthetic method, the article shows that the content characteristics of popular Korean dramas are the influential factors, a significant impact, contributing to the success of the Korean wave in Asia, America, and Africa. The cultural value system integrated in Korean dramas has not only helped improve Korea’s image in the international arena but also promoted economic cooperation between Korea and other countries on the basis of trust becoming more and more solid, but also helping countries affected by the Korean cultural wave to have more bases to learn, reshape national identity, and successfully build economic development models based on popular culture products, especially dramas, as Korea has successfully done.

Enhancing the engagement of private university lecturers in Thailand: The mediating role of job satisfaction and the moderating role of information literacy

Korrakot Vanakornkul, Vesarach Aumeboonsuke

A relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators and employee engagement of Thailand’s private university lecturers has been more controversial in the fields of human resources management and education due to problems like the decrease of Thailand’s birth rate. Hence, this study concentrated on investigating how to enhance the engagement of private university lecturers in Thailand by using job satisfaction and information literacy. The participants in the study were permanent lecturers working for Thailand’s private universities, and they were selected by random sampling technique. A sample of 425 Thai permanent lecturers working in private universities in Thailand completed self-report measures of intrinsic motivators, extrinsic motivators, job satisfaction, information literacy, and employee engagement. A quantitative research methodology targeted to measure the relationships of intrinsic motivators, extrinsic motivators, job satisfaction, information literacy, and employee engagement. Correlation results indicated that the ‘intrinsic motivators’ variable and the ‘extrinsic motivators’ variable were associated with job satisfaction, information literacy, and employee engagement. The outcomes of data analysis illustrated that job satisfaction played a significant role of being a fully mediating influencer in the relationship between the ‘intrinsic motivators’ variable and employee engagement and fully mediated the relationship between the ‘extrinsic motivators’ variable and employee engagement. Furthermore, information literacy moderated the ‘intrinsic motivators’ variable-employee engagement relationship and moderated the ‘extrinsic motivators’ variable-employee engagement relationship.

Development of board game “Live Your Life” for enhancing quality of life of undergraduate students

Manatee Jitanan, Usanee Lalitpasan

This research developed a board game to enhance the quality of life (QOL) for undergraduate students. Version 1 of the game was created based on the needs of undergraduate students and the World Health Organization’s QOL domains. Phase 1 involved a pilot study to evaluate the QOL and satisfaction/ opinion of 33 students playing version 1; consequently, version 2 was developed. The congruence of five experts using item objective congruence (IOC) was calculated to indicate the approval of the developed game. Phase 2 evaluated the QOL and satisfaction/opinion of 65 students playing version 2. The average QOL scores were higher after playing version 1. Students enjoyed playing the game and were satisfied with the social aspect of personal relationships. Nearly two-thirds of the students (60.61%) considered playing the game was beneficial for the planning of life skills. However, some students (21.21%) wanted an easier game. In response to student feedback, version 2 was developed. After developing version 2, the QOL of the students was evaluated for case-control groups. Students playing version 1 and studying a QOL document had the highest QOL scores. Students playing both versions had QOL scores higher than students who studied the QOL document. The students with the lowest QOL scores had only studied the QOL document. Most students were satisfied with the improved graphics of version 2 and considered that the game helped create balance in their lives and improved their QOL scores. However, the game used simulated strategies that would differ from those in real life.

A comparative study of policies and strategies for promoting lifelong learning among countries

Suwithida Charungkaittikul

This comparative study was aimed at: (1) studying the results from comparison of policies and strategies for promoting lifelong learning among various countries in the contexts of society, economy, policies, and culture; and (2) proposing guidance on lifelong learning promotion in Thailand. Documentary research was conducted to synthesize and compare key strategies and policies of each country. The comparison outcome was then applied to drafting the guidance on lifelong learning promotion with several experts’opinions. The results: (1) comparison of policies and strategies for promoting lifelong learning among various countries showed that most of the countries focus on the development of people under four age groups, i.e., infancy to preschool age, school age, working age, and retirement age, for whom lifelong learning may be promoted in different ways; and (2) the guidelines of promoting lifelong learning consisted of these following aspects. For instance, the development plans and budgeting on promotion of lifelong learning should be clearly established; the operation authority should be decentralized; resources shall be adequately distributed to all needed areas; learnings centers should be set up, and local curriculums should also be designed; local universities shall develop research and arrange community services aimed at promoting lifelong learning; a committee/ a working panel may be established so that they could work on outlining laws, regulations, and orders, etc. Thus, the relevant parties in the societies could take this acquired knowledge as a reference for promoting lifelong learning to their own context.

Minority, local tradition and Islam: Contextualizing multicultural education in Indonesian schools

Amika Wardana

The concept of multicultural education, advocating diversity, equality, and social justice, has been embraced by many educational institutions worldwide. However, local contexts can shape the specific policies and goals of multicultural education adopted and practiced. For example, two schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, implemented multicultural education not only in response to the global call for culturally diverse educational environments but also due to their unique socio-cultural backgrounds. A study revealed that factors such as affiliation to minority religions, driven to promote local cultures, and competition with schools of different socio-religious-political orientations played significant roles in shaping their approach to multicultural education. While promoting the awareness of the Indonesian socio-cultural and religious diversity, educating students with wisdom of the local culture, and recognizing their peculiar values within society, the policy stood as a response to the growing dominance of conservative Islamic discourses in the country’s religious and ideological landscape.

Education satisfaction analysis for Manabi’s technical university (UTM) students: SEM model

Omar Aldo Maluk Salem, Juan Carlos Morales-Intriago, Silvia Amira Maluk Urigüen

In the realm of education, the assessment of service quality is intricately tied to institutional management and its alignment with student expectations. This study delves into the Ecuadorian educational landscape emphasizing the persistent challenges faced by the country, such as infrastructure deficiencies, inadequate teacher preparation, and a centralized system. To address these concerns and enhance educational quality, a substantial policy shift has been initiated, necessitating comprehensive evaluations and restructuring within educational institutions. This paper draws on a study conducted by Maluk (2022), which validates an instrument measuring university quality perception from students’ viewpoints. Notably, student satisfaction emerges as a crucial factor, impacting overall educational quality. The research aims to develop a Structural Equation System Model (SEM) to systematically explore student satisfaction’s multifaceted components. By evaluating academic experiences and aligning them with student expectations, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers and university rectors. The findings reveal that, for UTM students, academic course quality significantly influences satisfaction, followed by the impact of course activities, evaluations, and proactive elements. Surprisingly, teacher deficiencies show a minor negative impact, opening avenues for further research on teacher preparation and its implications for student satisfaction.

Hybrid transformational leadership strategy in developing the higher-order thinking skill-based learning quality in 21st century and catastrophic anomalies

Hybrid transformational leadership (HTL) in schools is a leadership approach that aims to enhance the attainment of higher-order thinking Skills - Learning Quality (HoTS-LQ) goals by integrating online and conventional educational technologies. This approach was inspired by the challenges and opportunities presented by the 21st century and the impact of catastrophic events. This study explores how principals’ HTL influences schools in developing an effective HoTS-LQ. To analyze the data, the researcher used quantitative and qualitative approaches. The percentage technique used in the quantitative approach expresses information as a proportion of the whole. A quantitative approach employed a three-stage sorting, coding, and categorizing, which was deepened and validated through FGD. The study participants included 1,033 principals and teachers from Indonesia’s preschools to senior high schools. The collected data underwent four stages of analysis: sorting, coding, categorizing, and validating through FGD using a convenience sampling method. The finding revealed two critical areas in which HTL enhances the HoTS-LQ as impacted by 21st-century and catastrophic anomalies characteristics: the quality of HoTS-LQ is determined by teachers’ ability to integrate learning into the learning management system (LMS); the quality of LMS utilization in HoTS-LQ depends on the principal’s ability to implement an HTL using ICT. These findings highlight the comprehensive impact of HTL implementation on enhancing teachers’ capabilities for effective HoTS-LQ.

Students’ perceived stress between online and offline learning modes: Impact on students’ academic engagement and well-being

Jenette V. Puyod, Henzel Embalzado

Academic activities have already returned to normal. As the academic community struggled to bring comfort to students after the two-year online learning mode, the crucial question now is—which mode of learning suits best among the students these days? This present study investigates the perceived stress of university students during online and offline learning modes, and how these affect their academic engagement and well-being. It specifically determines whether the online class brought a higher degree of stress than the offline class, or vice versa, and how they accordingly affect students’ personal conditions. Using the rule of the thumb, 644 university students in Thailand were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire that contains such scales as Perceived Stress Scale, Utretch Work Engagement Scale for Students and Satisfaction with Life Scale through Google forms. With the use of PLS-SEM, the results of the study discovered that students’ perceived stress during the online and offline learning modes both significantly affect their academic engagement and subjective well-being such that the higher stress they perceived both in online and offline learning modes, the lower their academic engagements and well-being are.

Exploring employability gap: The case of social-science senior students

Thunyalak Weerasombat, Pongsaya Pumipatyothin

In the aim to explore employability in Thailand from both the demand and supply sides, this study analyzes employability gaps in Thailand through comparing the employers’ demand and the supply of 4th year social-science students, in the context of pandemic and technological disruption. The data were collected from online questionnaire surveys conducted upon 250 HR managers/recruiters for the demand side, and 350 senior social-science students for the supply side. The survey asks how the employers prioritize the qualifications of applicants, while the students were asked to self-evaluate their qualifications. The data were examined through the perspective of “employability components” based on an earlier-published work, which has derived employability qualifications from the interviews of 30 HR managers. The data were then analyzed by utilizing sample means and standard deviations. Among the three employability components, the results reveal that the employers prioritized attitudes, followed by adaptability and then career ability. On attitudes, ‘respectfulness to diversity’ is ranked highest, while ‘the ability to change quickly and perseverance’ is required most in adaptability. For career ability, the employers emphasized ‘the fit with firms’ corporate culture and value the most. By comparing HR demand to the students’ self-evaluation, the widest gap is found in the core component of adaptability followed by career ability, and then attitudes. The research is beneficial both conceptually and practically. It adds to the literature on employability, whereby the study on developing economies remains limited. Practically, the research findings could help preparing university graduates prior to entering the labor market.

Promoting preschoolers’ emotional competence using contemplative education and emotional coaching

Pimsawat Kosolsombat, Sasilak Khayankij, Nuttaporn Lawthong

This work investigates the effects of organized experiences with preschoolers aged 4 to 5 years, using contemplative education and emotional coaching. Two aspects are highlighted: both emotional knowledge and emotional regulation. A comparison is made concerning those preschoolers who underwent organized experiences versus those who participated in daily normal experiences. Herein, the research is conducted through a quasi-experimental design based on a study of two groups. The sample is comprised of fifty preschoolers with twenty-five preschoolers in each group. Group 1, the experimental group, undergoes training via two steps: organized experiences and individual emotional coaching. Group 2, the control group, receives the normal experience. The duration of the research is ten weeks. Data are analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results demonstrate that the experimental group had higher emotional competence than previously. Both mean scores for emotional knowledge and emotional regulation reached 0.05 level of significance.

Employability affecting employment performance of graduates majoring in physical education: Chain-mediating role of career self-efficacy and job search behavior

Zhongya Yang, Nutteera Phakdeephirot, Songyu Jiang

The research aimed to examine the impact of employability on employment performance and explore the chain-mediated effects of career self-efficacy and job search behavior. Using a stratified proportional sampling method, data were collected from 629 graduates majoring in physical education in Guizhou Province, China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated that employability was a significant predictor of employment performance (β = .647, C.R. = 8.993, p < .001). Career self-efficacy did not play a mediating role (β = .070, p = .085), while job search behavior demonstrated a significant mediating effect (β = .141, p < .001). Furthermore, a significant chain-mediated effect of career self-efficacy and job search behavior was observed between employability and employment performance (β = .084, p < .01). The study expanded the application scope of the Social Cognitive Model of Career Self-Management (CSM), confirming the direct positive impact of employability on the employment performance of university graduates majoring in physical education. Additionally, the research identified the mediating role of job search behavior and the chain-mediated effect of career self-efficacy and job search behavior, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the individual’s career decision-making process.

Management and sustainable development in Society era 5.0 in Muhammadiah School

Emilda Sulasmi

The era of Society 5.0 marked a significant shift in the paradigm of human life through the integration of digital technology and deep artificial intelligence. This article explores the challenges and opportunities faced by private schools, especially Muhammadiyah High School of Bengkulu City, in the face of the dynamics of society in this era. In addition, the article also highlights the important role of sustainable leadership and management in guiding schools through educational transformation, including the integration of technologies such as AI, IoT, and big data into the education system. Through a qualitative approach with case study methods, this study identifies sustainable management and leadership implementation strategies at Bengkulu City Muhammadiyah High School. The results of this research show that curriculum development strategies are responsive to technological developments and industrial needs, as well as the establishment of strategic partnerships with the world of industry and higher education institutions. With the adoption of the right educational technology, progressive management and leadership can create an innovative and inclusive learning environment, preparing students to face the challenges of the Society 5.0 era. Sustainable management and leadership are aimed not only at achieving short-term profits, but also to build a strong foundation for long-term sustainability, with a focus on resource efficiency, social responsibility, and ecological awareness.

A factor analysis of career maturity of high school students

Sumalee Kham-in, Patcharaporn Srisawat, Wilailak Langka

This research aimed to (1) study the indicators of career maturity factors in high school students and (2) examine the consistency between the career maturity measurement model for high school students and empirical data. The participant consisted of 440 high school students in Bangkok, including those from schools under the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area 1, the Office of the Secondary Education Service Area 2, the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, and the Office of the Private Education Commission for the academic year 2023. The participant was obtained through multistage sampling. The data collection instrument was a career maturity scale for high school students, using a 5-point Likert scale with 32 items, and the reliability coefficient was 0.95. The statistical method used for data analysis was Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The research findings revealed that the confirmatory factor analysis of career maturity for high school students consists of four factors: Career Planning, Career Exploration, Decision Making, and World of Work Information, and there are 17 indicators of career maturity of high school students The model was found to be consistent with the empirical data, with a chi-square (χ²) value of 354.06 (p-value = .19), Goodness of Fit Index of 0.96, Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index of 0.92, Standard Root Mean Square Residual of 0.02, and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation of 0.01. The standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.92 to 0.99, with all factors showing statistical significance at the.05 level. This indicates that the career maturity measurement model can explain the factors of career maturity.

The development of a training module for private preschool teachers in facilitating 21st century skills: A microlearning-based approach

Pongpit Amarit, Panchit Longpradit

The objective of this mixed methods research was to develop and evaluate a 21st century skills training module for private preschool teachers that contained facilitation skills development and a microlearning-based followup support toolkit. In the first phase, data were collected via focus group discussion with 8 experts purposively sampled with these selection criteria: at least 5 years of experience; fields of expertise: facilitation; 21st century skills training; monitoring and evaluation; preschool education, and parenting. Data were analyzed via content analysis. The results were used to develop the training module. In the second phase, data were collected via quasi-experiment with 20 participants sampled via multistage random sampling from 30 schools and purposively sampled into the control and experimental groups – the selection criteria being the participants’ own choice. Demographics included: 13 preschool teachers and 7 teacher assistants – all female – with at least 2 years of experience. Data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics – t-test. The results showed significance from the pretest (average M: 3.88; average SD: 0.83) to the posttest (average M: 4.43; average SD: 0.73) in terms of achievement, which improved through facilitation skills development; the results also showed significance when comparing acceptance of the experimental group (average M: 4.44; average SD: 0.73) to the control group (average M: 3.22; average SD: 0.96), which was through follow-up support. The contribution of this research recommended utilizing both facilitation skills development and follow-up support for 21st century skills workshops.

Innovation, product quality and sustainable competitive advantage: Cornerstones of creative industry success in South Sulawesi tourism

Nasruddin, Haris Maupa

The objective of this mixed methods research was to develop and evaluate a 21st century skills training module for private preschool teachers that contained facilitation skills development and a microlearning-based follow-up support toolkit. In the first phase, data were collected via focus group discussion with 8 experts purposively sampled with these selection criteria: at least 5 years of experience; fields of expertise: facilitation; 21st century skills training; monitoring and evaluation; preschool education, and parenting. Data were analyzed via content analysis. The results were used to develop the training module. In the second phase, data were collected via quasi-experiment with 20 participants sampled via multistage random sampling from 30 schools and purposively sampled into the control and experimental groups – the selection criteria being the participants’ own choice. Demographics included: 13 preschool teachers and 7 teacher assistants – all female – with at least 2 years of experience. Data were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics – t-test. The results showed significance from the pretest (average M: 3.88; average SD: 0.83) to the posttest (average M: 4.43; average SD: 0.73) in terms of achievement, which improved through facilitation skills development; the results also showed significance when comparing acceptance of the experimental group (average M: 4.44; average SD: 0.73) to the control group (average M: 3.22; average SD: 0.96), which was through follow-up support. The contribution of this research recommended utilizing both facilitation skills development and follow-up support for 21st century skills workshops.

Welfare of the rubber crop diversity farmers under risks of price in Thailand

Sirimaporn Leepromrath, De Zhou

The creative industry’s influence on the tourism sector in South Sulawesi is investigated in this study, with a particular emphasis on the factors that contribute to the sector’s success. The research uses a quantitative technique to examine the effects of innovation, product quality, and competitive advantage on the performance of enterprises in the creative economy. Using the Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Model (SEM), an analysis was performed on a sample of 213 creative industry participants in tourist regions that were recognized as such. The data indicate a strong association between innovation, product quality, and sustainable competitive advantage. All of these factors considerably improve business performance in the creative sector. According to the study’s findings, maintaining a competitive advantage is essential for the economic viability of creative firms operating within the tourism sector in South Sulawesi over the long term. The stakeholders are provided with a strategic framework by these insights, which assists them in navigating the ever-changing problems and opportunities in this dynamic market.

The propagation of the belief of Bueng Tou Gong Ma in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Han Ruibao, Kanokporn Numtong, Nathakarn Thaveewatanaseth

The presence of risks in rubber markets would have significant adverse effects on farmers’ welfare. Crop diversity is usually proposed as a countermeasure to mitigate the negative environmental impacts and high price risks faced by monocultural rubber farmers. Given that most farmers in developing countries are risk-averse, the present study aims to examine the differences in price risk experienced by crop diversity and monoculture rubber farmers, while illustrating the welfare impacts of crop diversity within a theoretic risk-averse framework. Standard deviation is employed as a measure of price risk indices for rubber and other major agricultural products. The data on prices of main agricultural products were obtained from the Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE), covering the period from 2002 to 2021. The estimated price risk indices for rubber prices and prices of 18 other major crops indicate that the annual rubber price risk index is highest among all major agricultural products in Thailand, with a value of .417. In comparison, the average price risk indices of food crops and horticulture/fruit crops are .252 and .257, respectively. These elevated levels of rubber price risks could result in substantial risk costs and decreased welfare for farmers engaged in monoculture practices, particularly those who are trapped in poverty. This confirms the potential benefit associated with adopting crop diversity to enhance household welfare within the rubber industry, providing compelling evidence supporting efforts towards promoting rubber crop diversity plantation and sustainable development of rubber industry in Thailand.

Exploring the role of sports facilities and public services in Buriram’s sports tourism for sustainability

Peeranthorn Puacharoen, Linjong Pocharee

This study assesses the potential of Buriram, Thailand, for sustainable sports tourism through sports facilities and public service management. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines interviews with key informants (N = 11) and surveys of tourists (N = 384). Statistical and thematic analyses reveal that Buriram’s sports facilities, such as the Chang Arena, Chang International Circuit, and Buriram Marathon, significantly support tourism sustainability. High tourist satisfaction is linked to modern public services, though improvements in service equity are needed. Personal factors, such as age and income, influence satisfaction, with younger tourists favoring modern amenities. The study recommends tailored public services and infrastructure upgrades to enhance sustainability efforts.

Cinemas and film industry in Medan, Indonesia in the 1960s–1990s

Budi Agustono, Junaidi, Deliana, Kiki Maulana Affandi, Nurhabsyah

This article aims to explain the dynamics of the growth of cinemas and the variety of films to provide entertainment for the community in Medan from the 1960s to the 1990s. This study employs a historical method consisting of four stages: heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research indicates that various government policies and the prevailing regime influenced the development of cinemas and the film industry. Various policies of the New Order government sought to boost the national film industry by implementing regulations on film imports, restrictions, surveillance, and censorship of films. Medan, as one of the metropolitan cities since the 1960s, had flourished with various forms of entertainment, especially the growth of cinemas and the film industry, which attracted the interest of city residents in expressing their need for entertainment. Cinema buildings that had existed since the Dutch colonial era were managed as places for the community to watch both national and foreign films, supplemented by the emergence of People’s Entertainment Stages. Eventually, the glory of cinemas and the film industry in Medan began to decline in the 1990s due to the stagnant national film industry and the shift in urban community entertainment with the advent of television and video technology.

Investigating the intricacies of populist leadership in the digital era while unraveling the paradox of tolerance in Indonesia

Gatut Priyowidodo

This study aims to explore the paradox of tolerance in Indonesia during the second term of the populist leadership of Joko Widodo. In addition, both physical and virtual interactions have become breeding grounds for intolerance during this period. Despite high expectations for increased tolerance, the freedom of speech facilitated by social media has aggravated and reinforced anti-pluralistic sentiments. Acts of intolerance, in contradiction to the constitutional guarantee of freedom of religion and belief, are perpetrated by entities both within and outside the state apparatus. The primary focus of this study is to address how the state should effectively respond to these intolerant actions in the domain of social media. The research method uses a netnography approach. Sampling was done by purposive sampling consisting of 12 YouTube channel accounts. Data collection was carried out by capturing 32,048 virtual community conversations and comment screens on 12 YouTube channels from August 24 to December 21, 2021. Thematic data analysis was conducted using the NVIVO 14 application or DAPA (Data Analysis Procedure by Application). The results showed that the state overlooked intolerant practices by Islamic apologists while directly persecuting Christian apologists exercising the fundamental right to free speech. Based on these results, the study recommends three key actions, including implementing inclusive broadcasting regulations for fair representation, establishing the digital democratic space to encourage open dialogue, and ensuring anti-discriminatory laws suited for the digital era to effectively combat intolerance.

Clan culture and solidarity ties as positive indicators of democratic development in Thai-Isan communities

Warunya Sririn, Pornamarin Promgird, Jaggapan Cadchumsang

This qualitative study aimed to analyze the principal and most prominent political culture shared among villagers in rural Northeast Thailand and how it helps facilitate and uphold democratic development. In-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and focus groups were used to collect data from four rural villages located across Nong Bua Lamphu and Udon Thani provinces in Northeast Thailand. The 65 informants included knowledgeable people in the community, leaders, and villagers, as well as individuals from outside the communities, including academics, intellectuals, and politicians. The findings showed that the principal political culture shared among villagers is strongly linked to their longstanding adherence to clan culture and their strong solidarity ties. These features of traditional society in Northeast Thailand help to maintain democratic development at the local and community level by fostering harmonious love and unity among the villagers, which manifests as a collective social commitment, or what is called a “social trust.” This social trust is what motivates villagers’ voluntary political participation. It fosters among villagers a belief in their own political efficacy, a consciousness and understanding of individual and community rights, and a feeling of civic responsibility. These are all important attributes of a civic culture and serve as the central foundation for democratic development at the local and community level.

Applying the devising theatre activities to enhance the adversity quotient of the Faculty of Fine Arts’s students Srinakharinwirot University

Thanyarat Praditthaen, Chanya Leesattrupai

This transdisciplinary research was a collaboration between the performing arts and psychology. The objectives were to create devising theatre activities that cooperated with the adversity quotient (AQ) and compared undergraduate students’ AQ before and after participating in the research’s activity. The study used a quasi-experimental approach and included a pretest and posttest for a single group. Measurements were made of the dependent variable. Undergraduate students were the study’s population: 1,270 students at Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok campus Years 2–4, Academic Year 2022. Purposive sampling was used for selection, resulting in a sample size of fifteen participants. The design research instruments incorporated the AQ principles into the devising theatre process. The study’s findings were measured using Sabaiwan’s (2004) AQ scale, resulting in a bipolar message-type measure with five parts: Control, Origin, Ownership, Reach, and Endurance. The quality of the AQ measure had a reliability value of .84. The research’s results indicated that undergraduate students’ AQ could be increased to a higher degree by using research instruments. The AQ ratings increased in each of the five areas. Reach and Endurance were the two dimensions with the highest ratings, and it was found that the efficacy of research activities was mostly dependent on three factors: (1) activity design: AQ traits must be included in every activity and should be progressively increased from lowest to highest; (2) activity time, which called for both limited time and quality time; and (3) the facilitator, who contributed to creating a safe space and encouraging culture.

Urgent keystones of Phuket’s cruise tourism development: Challenge or surrender

Paithoon Monpanthong, Suraporn Mulkunee

The objectives of this study are to evaluate the potentials of Phuket’s cruise tourism management and to propose the urgent keystones of Phuket’s cruise tourism development. The empirical approach for data collection using questionnaire was collected from 400 cruise passengers who visited Phuket port. The data were analyzed by using T-test, gap analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). Results revealed from Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA) that destination safety, climate & sea condition, passenger terminal, toilet, waiting area, parking lot, temporary pontoon, public transportation, port security, traffic management at port, carrying capacity of tourist attraction, and welcome ceremony at port were the attributes with low potentials. The urgent keystones for policy makers were suggested to focus on four major issues which are port infrastructure & facility, destination safety practices, accessibility and sustainable tourism products and services. The results can be used to formulate and implement marketing strategies to enchant cruise passengers and manage the tourism destination's competitive development and advantages against business competitors. For this study, the authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Guidelines for community-based tourism development on Thailand’s Andaman coast

Surinporn Sri-in, Nuchanard Wongjumpa, Wisai Kongkaew — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Qualitative research methods were used: (1) to analyze the potential components of community-based tourism; and (2) to provide guidelines for developing the potential components of community-based tourism. Purposive sampling was used in two communities in Suk Samran district, Ranong province, Thailand. Qualitative data were collected from 50 key informants using in-depth interviews, a focus group, and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis technique. The study results identified eight potential components of community-based tourism: (1) attractions had three aspects as tourism resources; (2) there was a lack of accommodation and good service; (3) tourists could access the study area by plane or by private car; (4) the program had three types of activity; (5) amenities had few facilities for tourists; (6) community organizations had a strong tourism board and were supported by government agencies; (7) community committee managed tourism for its members; and (8) learning in most activities was not linked to the conservation of natural resources. The SWOT outcomes from the three workshops identified: (1) strengths: the attraction, activities and community organizations; (2) weaknesses: accommodation, management and amenities; (3) opportunities: improving infrastructure (roads); and (4) threats: activities not linked to conservation. In addition, guidelines for community-based tourism component development should take into account the community context, the local tourism resource base, participatory processes (including tourists), and support from government agencies, the private sector, and tour operators. Adoption of these outcomes should create impressive community-based tourism, while preserving local resources and continuing the way of life of coastal communities.

Communication in the classroom: Speech acts, managerial modes, and student learning

Sulistyani, Rika Riwayatiningsih — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study is to explore the variety of speech acts used by an English teacher in an EFL classroom and their functions in facilitating student learning. The purpose is to identify the types of speech acts used by the teacher and their frequency, as well as to examine how they contribute to the learning process. Methodology: The study employed a qualitative approach, using Searle’s speech act model and Walsh’s SETT framework to analyze the teacher’s utterances. The data consisted of transcribed video recordings and interviews with the teacher. The speech acts were categorized into four types: directives, representatives, expressive, and commissive. Results: The results showed that the teacher predominantly used directives (59.59%), followed by representatives (31.48%), expressive (6.52%), and commissive (1.21%). The speech acts functioned mainly as managerial (41.84%) and material modes (43.29%), with a smaller proportion related to skill and system modes (12.72%) and classroom context modes (2.15%). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of speech acts in EFL classroom interaction. The findings suggest that teachers predominantly use directives to manage the classroom and convey subject matter content. The study provides insight into the teacher’s discursive activities and has implications for teacher training and language teaching methodologies. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of speech acts in both receptive and productive skills classes, with a larger participant pool.

The development model of agro-ecotourism competitiveness as a learning resource for agricultural occupations in Suphan Buri province

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research objective aimed to set a model for developing agro-ecotourism competitiveness as a learning resource for agricultural occupations in Suphan Buri province. This research applied mixed-method research. Data were collected using multiple methods including questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus groups interviews. The targeted research areas were downtown and U-thong district of Supan Buri province. Sampling groups were selected from local people, tourists, and legal experts related to agro-ecotourism business from dominant communities as learning resources for agro-ecotourism which were (1) Dong Yen Agroforestry Enterprise Group, (2) Hom Khachorn Farm, (3) Thai Farmers Lifestyle and Spiritual Learning Center (Na Here Chai), (4) Suan Kluai U-Thong Community Enterprise Group, and (5) Thungthong-Yangyeun Community Enterprise Group. The research findings showed that a model for developing agro-ecotourism competitiveness as a learning resource of all 5 learning resources should be developed from the structural level to the people in the community in 4 main contexts which were (1) the local learning resources must level up the service quality in order to increase tourists’ satisfaction; (2) setting up the marketing format to be suitable for different characters of learning resources; (3) increasing the capacity level of agro-ecotourism management as a learning resource; and (4) developing legal measures in promoting agro-ecotourism as a learning resource. In addition, it was found that the changing of technology was another important factor affecting the developing agro-ecotourism competitiveness as a learning resource. The key mechanism which helps the community to apply those technologies was government sector assistance.

Model and best practice for tourism and hospitality management innovation under the concept of inclusive business

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research aims to (1) study Model and Best practices for innovation in managing the tourism and hospitality industry under inclusive business concepts and propelling the local economy sector at the international level; (2) study the context of managing the tourism and hospitality industry under inclusive business concepts and propelling the local economy in Thailand. Moreover; (3) analyze and compare innovation in managing the tourism and hospitality industry under inclusive business concepts and propelling the local economy between the international level and Thailand. Finally; (4) to present models and best practices for innovation in managing the tourism and hospitality industry under inclusive business. The group of information providers is (1) organic farming business group, (2) craft and wisdom business group, and (3) lifestyle learning, culture, and traditions in the community. Content analysis was implemented for data analysis. The outcomes were as follows: The factors that support business operations and society are (1) policy formulation and implementation, (2) knowledge management, (3) necessary and appropriate innovations to collaboration, (4) networks and partners, (5) financing and support; and (6) targeted sectors. Moreover, applying the model and guidelines for management in the tourism and hospitality industry in Lampang Province.

A structural equation model of flight purser’s leadership, cabin crew experience, and cabin crew engagement: A perspective on fullservice airlines in Thailand

Sutisa Kaewpoo, Chokechai Suveatwatanakul — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This paper assesses the suitable flight purser characteristics that influence the cabin crew experience, resulting in increased cabin crew engagement in the context of a full-service airline in Thailand. The research employed a quantitative method with structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample group consisted of cabin crew members operating for a full-service airline in Thailand. Following the observable variables and adhering to the rule of thumb, the sample group comprised at least 120 participants. It was found that (X2/df) Chi-square/statistic comparing the tested model and the independent model with the dependent model = 1.695, (GFI) Goodness of Fit Index = 0.931, (NFI) Normal Fit Index = 0.930, (RMR) Root Mean Square Residual = 0.015. All these values from the analysis of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on Flight Purser Leadership, Cabin Crew Experience, and Cabin Crew Engagement were in accordance with the criteria with the level of statistical significance p <.05. Hence, each hypothesis had a positive relationship. The study recommends developing the absorption facet among cabin crew by enhancing their engagement within the context of a full-service airline in Thailand. The airline may consider having flight pursers demonstrate gratitude for good relationships with colleagues; providing guidance of clear working procedures to cabin crew, providing assistance during work, and also, the airline may consider providing flight pursers the independence to solve problems on their own while performing duties.

Factors influencing sustainable tourism economic growth: A case study of Lampang Province, Thailand

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study investigates the factors that influence sustainable economic growth caused by Community-Based Tourism (CBT). Two communities in Lampang province, where the success in applying the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP) to CBT is evident, are studied. A total of 377 questionnaires were used to obtain the data. The Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was employed to test the hypotheses. The results of the testing of the measurement model and structural model indicate their reliability. Data analysis indicated that entrepreneurial skills fully mediate the relationship between SEP and sustainable economic growth. This finding holds managerial implications for other communities with similar contexts. Related agencies should enhance the communities’ entrepreneurial skills based on the SEP. This could serve as a driving mechanism toward sustainable economic growth based on the philosophy of sufficiency economy.

Developing local tourism through the design of an integrative local curriculum and implementing model: A case study from Suratthani, Southern Thailand

Witchuta Marchoo, Patida Morasilp, Nuttaya Yuangyai, Siriporn Pengjun — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research studies how a local curriculum can support the development of local tourism and presents a case study from Southern Thailand. In particular, the objectives were to develop a local tourism-based curriculum and to propose a linkage model to implement for a school and stakeholders. Data were collected using the action research process which is well recognized for the establishment of local curricula. An extensive survey of published literature was undertaken, along with a field survey, semi-structured interviews, a focus group with 26 key informants, workshops, and observations. Key informants were purposely selected from stakeholders who were involved in the community’s education and tourism. The results indicated five types of specific local knowledge that met the content standards and objectives based on a linear approach strategy. The five types included sufficiency economy-based agriculture, traditional massage and herbal plants, blacksmithing, a local dance of Southern Thailand, called Nora-a cultural world heritage, and historical relics from the Srivijaya empire era found in an old temple. Furthermore, the research proposed a linkage model between the stakeholders in the design of the curriculum and local tourism development by illustrating the steering roles of the school, the public sector, and the university in a provincial area.

Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to alleviate the standard of service quality management of coach buses provided by the inbound tour operators in Thailand

Sangkae Punyasiri, Paweena Dalao — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research was aimed at proposing an instrument for measuring service quality management of coach buses provided by the inbound tour operators in Thailand. Quantitative method research was adopted. 415 Chinese tourists who purchased tour packages from the leading inbound tour operators in Thailand were selected with the purposive sampling method as the respondents. Self-administered questionnaire, developed on the five Likert scale, served as a research tool for data collection. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses were embraced to perform the data analysis. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that 28 observed variables could be organized into three factors. Those three factors included physical, service, and management. With the statistical significance of the .01 level, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the measurement models of these three factors perfectly fit the empirical data reported by the goodness of fit indices. Thus, those measurement models could be used to measure service quality management of the coach buses provided by the inbound tour operators in Thailand. The bottom line was that the proposed instrument could alleviate the standard of service quality management of coach buses in Thailand for the tourists of any nationalities.

Guidelines for protection of environmental rights regarding the sea and shore: Studying coastal structure project on coastal areas in Songkhla and Prachuap Khiri Khan Provinces

Araya Sooksom — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research article aims to study the scope of environmental rights regarding the sea and shore and the problems of rights violations and limitations in the protection of these rights resulting from construction projects in coastal areas in Songkhla and Prachuap Khiri Khan provinces in order to propose guidelines for protection of these rights. This study is a qualitative research study conducted by methods of documentary research, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. The ethics of this study has been approved by a qualified research ethics review committee for research involving humans. There are two issues obtained from the result of the study. First, the environmental rights regarding the sea and shore refer to the rights of all persons to access and utilise marine and coastal resources. Second, rights violations have occurred from state policies that are not consistent with the principles of sustainable development, from problems of overlapping duties and powers between organisations, and from a lack of necessary provisions of relevant laws. Consequently, the state should; (1) integrate policies and allocate duties and powers of relevant organisations to be in line with the principles of sustainable development; (2) amend the provisions of the Constitution and the Act on the Promotion of Marine and Coastal Resources Management, B.E. 2558 (2015) to guarantee relevant rights; and (3) proceed with decentralisation of powers and budgets to local administrative organisations to facilitate participation with the state in managing their own coastal areas.

The role of flexible work arrangements and supervisor support on task performance in the manufacturing sector in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)

Panitada Limrueangrong, Jutamard Thaweepaiboonwong — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This quantitative study aims to examine the influence of flexible work arrangements and supervisor support on employee well-being, work engagement, and task performance. Furthermore, it explores the moderating role of digital literacy in the relationship between flexible work arrangements and task performance. Data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of 452 employees who engaged in flexible work arrangements in large manufacturing establishments located in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) of Thailand. Statistics used in data analysis include percentage, mean, standard deviation, and structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS. The research findings indicated that the model was consistent with the empirical data (CMIN/DF = 2.034, CFI = 0.965, GFI = 0.929, RMR = 0.029, RMSEA = 0.034). The model suggested that flexible work arrangements positively influenced task performance, well-being, and work engagement. Additionally, employees with both flexible work arrangements and a high level of digital literacy demonstrated elevated task performance.

Pragmatism of doctrine: Salafi political discourse in digital spaces

Jafar Ahmad, Ade Putra Hayat, Mahmud Hibatul Wafi — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research focuses on the political narratives of the Salafi (quietist) network in digital spaces such as YouTube and official Instagram accounts of Salafi scholars. The political narratives of the Salafi network are positioned to demonstrate the pragmatism of their doctrines in responding to the national political landscape. The study utilizes a virtual ethnography approach, gathering information and data from the social media accounts of Salafi scholars such as @DzulqarnainMS, @ElGadda, @FirandaAndirjaOfficial, @RodjaTV, and @khalidbasalamah. The analysis tool Nvivo 12 is also employed to aid in the transcription and coding of data. Several key findings are recorded in this study. Firstly, the political stance of the Salafi network is grounded in the doctrine of total obedience to ulil amri, applied rigidly. This doctrine of obedience is crucial in interpreting the relationship between Salafis and the state (politics). Secondly, the doctrine of total obedience to leaders does not apply in the context of democracy. Despite democracy being established as a legitimate system of governance, Salafi scholars consistently provide negative responses, always in opposition to Islamic law. Thirdly, the political narratives of the Salafi network are more extensive on social media, leveraging strategic national issues and positioning themselves as legitimizers of power.

Incorporating complexity of stakeholder roles into socio-spatial ÀRRGULVNJRYHUQDQFH$FDVHLQ7DQJHUDQJ&LW\,QGRQHVLD

Budi Heru Santosa, Samsul Bahri, Wiwiek Dwi Susanti, Laju Gandharum, Fera Arum — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Flooding is a critical environmental concern exacerbated by rising watershed flood susceptibility linked to population growth and land use changes. The complexities of flood risk management and stakeholder involvement throughout all phases present significant challenges. Despite the participation of multiple stakeholders, flood risk management efforts have yet to yield the intended outcomes. This study aims to propose a flood risk governance framework considering the interdependence among flood susceptibility, community flood resilience, and complex stakeholder roles. Using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), the study conducted in-depth interviews with key representatives from five stakeholder groups: government, society, academia, business, and mass media. The analytic hierarchy process was employed to identify the most critical criteria for flood resilience based on an assessment of disaster management experts. The study found the importance of implementing collaborative governance as a flood risk management strategy through a forum that involves multiple stakeholders, including community nodes. Collaborative leaders can facilitate this process by addressing differences among forum members and fostering a shared sense of ownership, resulting in effective flood risk management strategies. The study proposed a novel socio-spatial flood risk governance framework emphasizing the spatial aspect of watershed flood susceptibility, the social aspect of community flood resilience, and the role of multi-stakeholders based on interdependence as its primary foundation. The study results will be helpful for local authorities in enhancing the effectiveness of flood risk governance and optimizing resource allocation.

Evolution of Minahasa politics: The shifting outlook of ‘United Minahasa’ in the context of Indonesian nationalism in 1927

Aksilas Dasfordate, Darmawan Edi Winoto, Theodorus Pangalila, Gamar Dasfordate — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The developmental movement, led by young generations and influenced by different factors, is a significant force. In this context, party politics in Minahasa has experienced substantial growth and evolution, showing the dynamic trends observed in Java with the transformative nature of national movement. This is a tangible example of political education for society, particularly the intellectual race. Therefore, this study aims to examine the factors leading to a shift in the outlook of “United Minahasa” in the context of Indonesian nationalism in 1927. Christopher Lloyd and Marc Bloch conduct analyses using structuralist and historical methods. The analyses comprise four stages, namely, formulating problems and historical observations related to sources of Minahasa regional organization, critiquing historical records or testing data from available sources, generalizing data relevant to the problem, as well as analyzing causes and effects related to the problem. Additionally, data collection includes investigating literature or documents, such as related studies and published books. The analysis methods comprise steps such as generalization and appropriate categorization in line with the problem. The results show that national movement has changed orientation and scope without focusing on the regional level. In the context of national movement, Minahasa people in and outside Manado area, have appreciated the period through regional organizations. Consequently, the adoption of Indonesian nationalist perspective allows the cultivation of a mature, and independent outlook. This paradigm shift is related to the vastness of the nation, including a population with diverse ethnicities, languages, religions, and customs.

Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences

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Urgent keystones of Phuket’s cruise tourism development: Challenge or surrender

Guidelines for community-based tourism development on Thailand’s Andaman coast

Communication in the classroom: Speech acts, managerial modes, and student learning

The development model of agro-ecotourism competitiveness as a learning resource for agricultural occupations in Suphan Buri province

Model and best practice for tourism and hospitality management innovation under the concept of inclusive business

A structural equation model of flight purser’s leadership, cabin crew experience, and cabin crew engagement: A perspective on fullservice airlines in Thailand

Factors influencing sustainable tourism economic growth: A case study of Lampang Province, Thailand

Developing local tourism through the design of an integrative local curriculum and implementing model: A case study from Suratthani, Southern Thailand

Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis to alleviate the standard of service quality management of coach buses provided by the inbound tour operators in Thailand

Guidelines for protection of environmental rights regarding the sea and shore: Studying coastal structure project on coastal areas in Songkhla and Prachuap Khiri Khan Provinces

The role of flexible work arrangements and supervisor support on task performance in the manufacturing sector in the Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC)

Pragmatism of doctrine: Salafi political discourse in digital spaces

Incorporating complexity of stakeholder roles into socio-spatial ÀRRGULVNJRYHUQDQFH$FDVHLQ7DQJHUDQJ&LW\,QGRQHVLD

Evolution of Minahasa politics: The shifting outlook of ‘United Minahasa’ in the context of Indonesian nationalism in 1927

Incorporating complexity of stakeholder roles into socio-spatial ÀRRGULVNJRYHUQDQFH$FDVHLQ7DQJHUDQJ&LW\,QGRQHVLD