Lawarath Social E-Journal

A Study of Cultural Courses of Chinese Majors in Thai Universities

Kaili Liu — 2026-08-30

This study, based on a complete set of course syllabi and employing a mixed-methods research approach, established Thailand's first foundational database for culture-related courses within the Bachelor of Arts in Chinese program. A multidimensional analysis was conducted using the Framework of Reference for Chinese Culture and Society in International Chinese Language Education. The research aims to systematically analyze the culture-related curriculum system's form, focusing on its structural aspects (resource allocation, sequencing, curriculum structure) and content aspects (course content descriptions).

The findings reveal that the current form of the culture-related curriculum system exhibits a "contradiction in pedagogical progression logic," manifesting as imbalances between: a "localized perspective" and a "Chinese perspective"; the "traditional" and the "contemporary"; "knowledge" and "skills"; and "breadth" and "depth." To address these existing contradictions, this study recommends expediting the development of comprehensive overview-type general cultural knowledge textbooks.

A Survey of Teachers’ Satisfaction and Opinions on the Implementation of Integrated STEAM with Thai and English in Primary Classrooms

Sasilak Rodphotong — 2026-08-30

This research aimed to study primary school teachers' satisfaction and opinions on the implementation of integrated STEAM with Thai and English in classrooms. The participants were 12 primary school teachers who joined participated in practical development workshops on designing and implementing bilingual STEAM activities. Data were collected through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, and teaching reflection reports, and analyzed with descriptive statistics and content synthesis analysis.

The results revealed that teachers’ satisfaction with the development program was at a high level ( = 4.36, SD = 0.42), with the highest scores for appropriateness of activities for actual classroom use and overall satisfaction. Teachers indicated that activity structure, task examples, and appropriate timing enhanced their confidence in applying the approach. Regarding opinions on bilingual STEAM implementation, teachers expressed positive attitudes ( = 4.18, SD = 0.48), recognizing its benefits in promoting student engagement and developing language skills. However, limitations were found concerning time 1, resources, and the need for additional teaching materials. In conclusion, teachers showed positive attitudes and continued to use this approach. However, systematic support such as practical consultation, ready-to-use resources, and professional learning communities is essential for developing transitioning from trial use to actual classroom implementation and enhancing teacher competencies.

Analysis of the Tragic Figure of An Lingrong in the Chinese Palace Drama Empresses in the Palace

BINGBING LIANG — 2026-08-30

As one of the most tragic figures in the palace drama Empresses in the Palace, An Lingrong's tragic fate profoundly reveals the complex survival dilemmas faced by women within the feudal imperial system. This study takes An Lingrong’s tragic figure of An Lingrong as its focal point and innovatively applies both Aristotle’s and Hegel’s theories of tragedy to analyze the roots of her tragic fate from both personal and socio-political perspectives. The analysis begins with an examination of An Lingrong’s family background, physical appearance and talents, and personality development to explore the individual factors contributing to her tragedy. It then traces her tragic trajectory—from initial insecurity and dependence upon entering the palace, to her growing extremity driven by sensitivity and jealousy, and ultimately to her abandonment and self-destruction.

The study argues that An Lingrong’s downfall stems not only from personal flaws—such as low self-esteem, hypersensitivity, jealousy, and cruelty—but also from external forces, including the oppressive nature of the feudal court system, the brutality of palace power struggles, and the rigid expectations and constraints placed upon women in traditional society. Her tragedy represents not merely the collapse of an individual fate, but also serves as a microcosm of the collective plight of women under feudal patriarchal rule.

The Decision-Making Process of School Administrators as Perceived by Administrators and Teachers in Lop Buri Primary Educational Service Area Office 1

Naruedech Pueakphong — 2026-08-30

This study aims to: 1. study the decision-making processes of school administrators based on the opinions of administrators and teachers under the Lopburi Primary Educational Service Area Office 1, and 2. compare the decision-making processes as perceived by administrators and teachers, classified by gender, age group, and work experience. The sample were 92 school administrators and 214 teachers, totaling 306 participants, selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.975. The statistical methods employed for data analysis included percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using t-test and F-test.

The findings revealed that: 1. the overall decision-making processes of school administrators were at a high level, and 2. the comparison of decision-making processes classified by gender, age range, and work experience showed statistically significant differences at the .05 level.

A Buddhist Teaching Method-Based English Instructions for 4th - year Students for the Faculty of Education at Mahamakut Buddhist University

Phramaha Kriangkrai Phetsangkhad — 2026-08-30

This research employed a mixed-methods design with the following objectives: 1. to analyze the existing problems and needs regarding the organization of English instructional activities through a Buddhist pedagogical approach; 2. to design an English instructional activity plan incorporating Buddhist teaching principles; and 3. to compare students’ learning achievement before and after the implementation of the instructional activities, including the assessment of learning outcomes and student satisfaction. The quantitative sample consisted of 200 fourth-year students in the Faculty of Education, Mahamakut Buddhist University. A subgroup of 30 students was designated as the experimental group. The qualitative sample comprised eight experts in Buddhist education and English language instruction. The research instruments included: 1. a questionnaire, 2. an English instructional activity plan, 3. an academic achievement test, 4. a student satisfaction survey, and 5. an in-depth interview protocol. Data analysis was conducted using means, standard deviations, t-tests, and content analysis.

Research findings are as follows; 1. The overall level of problems and needs in implementing English instruction based on Buddhist pedagogy among fourth-year students was high (Mean = 4.19, S.D. = 0.29). 2. The instructional activity plan, once developed, was evaluated by five experts. The overall quality of the plan was rated at the highest level (Mean = 4.54, S.D. = 0.51), confirming its appropriateness and relevance to both pedagogical and Buddhist principles. 3. A comparison of pre- and post-test scores indicated a statistically significant improvement in student learning achievement. The pre-test mean score was 64.70, while the post-test mean score was 83.97. The t-test yielded a value of 58.0407, which exceeded the critical value of t(_{29, .05}) = 2.045, confirming statistical significance at the .05 level. Additionally, students’ satisfaction with the learning experience was reported at a high level (Mean = 4.36, S.D. = 0.44).

Learning Achievement and Satisfaction of Grade 7 Students Toward Experiential Learning Integrated with Game - Based Instruction in Buddhist Studies

Phanthip Petchvichit — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to 1. to compare the learning achievement of Grade 7 students before and after participating in an experiential learning approach integrated with game-based teaching techniques, and 2. To examine students' satisfaction with experiential learning integrated with game-based teaching techniques. The sample consisted of 39 Grade 7/7 students from the Demonstration School of Thepsatri Rajabhat University, selected through simple random sampling. The research instruments consisted of 15 lesson plans, a 30-item multiple-choice achievement test, and a 15-item student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and the paired-samples t-test

The results revealed that 1. students’ post-test learning achievement scores ( = 21.38, S.D. = 3.12) were significantly higher than their pre-test scores ( = 12.41, S.D. = 2.85) at the .05 level, indicating the effectiveness of the instructional model in enhancing students’ understanding; and 2. students expressed a high to very high satisfaction with the learning model ( = 4.63, S.D. = 0.17), with learning activities receiving the highest ratings. The findings suggest that integrating direct experiential learning with game-based instruction is an effective pedagogical approach that enhances both academic achievement and positive attitudes toward learning.

Personnel Administration of School Administrators under The Special Education Center Efficiency Promotion Network Group 9, Office of Special Education Administration

Kanjanaporn Sriprathum — 2026-08-30

The objectives of this research are 1. to study the current conditions, desirable conditions, and essential needs of personnel administration of school administrators under the Special Education Center Efficiency Promotion Network Group 9, Office of Special Education Administration 2. to collect suggestions about personnel administration of school administrators under the Special Education Center Efficiency Promotion Network Group 9, Office of Special Education Administration. The data were collected from 226 teachers. The instrument used for data collection was a 5-level estimation-scale questionnaire with content accuracy of 0.67–1.00 and a confidence level of 0.98. The statistics used for data analysis were percentages, means, standard deviations, the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI_modified), and content analysis.

The results showed that the overall current condition of personnel administration among school administrators under the Special Education Center Efficiency Promotion Network Group 9, Office of Special Education Administration, was high, and the overall desirable condition was also high. The collect suggestions about personnel administration of school administrators included 1) manpower planning and positioning – analyzing information for mission and manpower needs of the institutions 2) recruitment and appointment, selection of subjects appropriate to the workload 3) the performance appraisal should be aimed at developing and expanding the potential of personnel, reflect reality, accurate and fair 4) strengthening operational efficiency - management to promote efficiency and motivation to work, continuous and comprehensive development of human potential 5) resigning from government service - provide knowledge and create understanding of working according to government regulations and strictly and fairly implement government regulations.

The Development of a Diversified Teaching Model to Enhance Content Accuracy and the Ability to Design and Write Learning Management Plans for Third - Year Students Majoring in Social Studies

veeravit boonsong — 2026-08-30

This research aimed to 1. develop a diversified teaching model for enhancing content accuracy and the ability to design and write learning management plans for third-year students majoring in social studies; 2. compare the content accuracy of third-year social studies students before and after learning through the diversified teaching model, and examine their ability to design and write learning management plans after learning through the model; and 3. examine the opinions of third-year social studies students toward the use of the diversified teaching model. The study was conducted in accordance with the research and development process. The population consisted of 54 third-year social studies students enrolled in the Social Studies Teaching Methodology course in the second semester of the 2024 academic year. The research instruments were the diversified teaching model (VEE Model), a content accuracy assessment form, a learning management plan design and writing assessment form, and an opinion questionnaire. The data were analyzed by calculating the mean and standard deviation.

The findings revealed that: 1. the diversified teaching model (VEE Model), integrating 12 teaching techniques (X1 – X12), comprised three interrelated components: V – Vivid Content Accuracy (establishing content accuracy as the foundation), E – Engage with Diversified Teaching (developing learners through diversified techniques as the core process), and E – Empower Learning Plan Design (empowering the ability to design and write learning management plans), and was of very good quality ( = 4.70, S.D. = 0.50); 2) students' content accuracy increased from a low level before the experiment ( = 2.48) to a good level after the experiment ( = 4.24), and their ability to design and write learning management plans was at a good level ( = 4.26); and 3) students' opinions toward the use of the diversified teaching model were at the highest level ( = 4.73, S.D. = 0.34).

Teachers' Participation in School Administration Under Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area Office 2

Nattagan Phalachai — 2026-08-30

The purposes of this research were: 1. to study the level of teachers’ participation in school administration under the Office of Roi Et Primary Educational Service Area 2; 2. to compare the levels of participation categorized by age, position, education level, and years of teaching experience; and 3. to gather suggestions for enhancing teacher participation in school administration. The sample consisted of 335 school administrators and teachers. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, with a content validity index ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and an overall reliability coefficient of 0.94. The statistical methods used for data analysis included mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA), and Scheffé’s method for pairwise comparisons.

The results showed that: 1. Overall, teachers’ participation in school administration was at a high level. When analyzed by aspect, the highest mean was in general administration, followed by personnel administration, budget administration, and academic administration respectively. 2. There were statistically significant differences at the .05 level in the level of participation when categorized by age, position, educational level, and years of experience. 3. Suggestions for promoting teacher participation included two approaches in academic administration, two in budget administration, three in personnel administration, and two in general administration, totaling nine strategies.

Cultural Intelligence, Self-Efficacy, and Cross-Cultural Adaptation (Learning Adaptability): A Case Study of Thai Undergraduate Students in Chinese-related Programs in Bangkok

Lin Li — 2026-08-30

This study investigates the relationship among cultural intelligence, self-efficacy, and cross-cultural adaptation (learning adaptability) among Thai undergraduate students majoring in Chinese-related disciplines at universities in Bangkok, Thailand. Using purposive sampling, Thai students from Chinese-related programs at three universities in Bangkok were selected as research subjects. Questionnaires were distributed, yielding 392 valid responses. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 30.

The findings confirm: 1. Cultural intelligence exerts a significant positive influence on both self-efficacy and cross-cultural adaptation (learning adaptability). 2. Self-efficacy significantly positively influences cross-cultural adaptation (learning adaptability) and partially mediates the relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adaptation (learning adaptability). Supported by these findings, this study proposes practical recommendations: adopting up-to-date textbooks, increasing multi-model teaching approaches, implementing pre-course assessments, and prioritizing the professional development of local Chinese language instructors. These suggestions provide theoretical foundations for Chinese language education in Thai universities and relevant educators.

Guidelines for Developing School Administrators' Desirable Characteristics in the Pasak Jolasid Secondary School Cluster under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Lopburi

Paramed Mahimueang — 2026-08-30

The objectives of this study were 1. to investigate the needs for developing school administrators to possess desirable characteristics in the Pasak Jolasid Secondary School Cluster under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Lopburi; and 2. to examine guidelines for the development of desirable characteristics among school administrators in the same cluster. The participants were 186 teachers from schools in the cluster, with the sample size determined using the table of Krejcie & Morgan and selected through multi-stage sampling. The research instruments were a questionnaire, with content validity ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 and a reliability coefficient of 0.989, and an interview form used to obtain development guidelines. The statistics used for data analysis included mean, percentage, standard deviation, the Modified Priority Needs Index and content analysis.

The results indicated that the need for developing desirable characteristics of school administrators was at a high level in the current situation, whereas the desired situation was at the highest level. Analysis by aspect revealed that visionary leadership had the highest needs index, followed by human relations, management, and appropriate personality, respectively, while morality had the lowest needs index. In addition, the guidelines for developing desirable characteristics of school administrators in six aspects consisted of 12 development guidelines such as proactive vision communication and establishing friendly relationships.

Factors Affecting the Decision to Enroll in the Higher Vocational Certificate Program, A.D. 2024 (Thai - Chinese Dual Diploma), Major in Modern Logistics Management

Kamkoon Rojanawan — 2026-08-30

This research study examines the factors affecting the decision to enroll in the Higher Vocational Certificate Program, A.D. 2024 (Thai-Chinese Dual Diploma), Major in Modern Logistics Management. The study aims to propose marketing promotional strategies and provide recommendations for curriculum improvement to address to students' needs and expectations. The research population were 150 students from Samut Prakan Technical College. One hundred twenty-eight samples who expressed interest in enrolling in the program was selected using simple random sampling via a lottery method. The research instrument was a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and hypothesis testing were analyzed using t-test and One - Way ANOVA.

The research findings indicated that the key factors influencing students’ enrollment decisions were institutional factors, particularly the institution’s reputation, opportunities for future advancement, and educational facilities. These factors contributed significantly to students’ trust and confidence in selecting the institution. In addition, curriculum-related factors, especially programs that align with labor market demands and enjoy high popularity, were found to be important motivations for enrollment decisions. Although financial and family factors received moderate to high mean scores, statistical analysis did not reveal any clear or significant relationship between these factors and students’ enrollment decisions. This suggests that students may have access to effective coping strategies or support systems that mitigate the impact of such factors. Furthermore, other supporting factors may also help reduce the influence of financial and family constraints. The study also found that additional factors, including Chinese language proficiency and concerns regarding the lack of parental support in caring for children while pursuing studies abroad, influenced decisions to enroll in this program. The findings of this study can serve as guidelines for marketing planning and curriculum development. By enhancing institutional strengths and aligning academic programs with students’ needs and labor market demands, educational institutions can improve their effectiveness in attracting prospective students and responding more efficiently to learners’ expectations.

Enhancing Learning Ecosystems Based on The Concept of career Education in Schools within The Lawothani Educational Network Under The Lopburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Waratthamon Plabthiang — 2026-08-30

The objectives of this study were 1. to investigate the current and desirable states of the school learning ecosystem based on the concept of career education in schools within the Lawothani Educational Network under the Lopburi Secondary Educational Service Area Office and 2. to examine guidelines for promoting the school learning ecosystem based on the same concept. The participants consisted of 201 school administrators and teachers, with the sample size determined using the table of Krejcie and Morgan and selected through a simple random sampling. The research instruments included a questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.976 and an interview form used to obtain promotion guidelines through content analysis. The statistics used for data analysis included percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the Modified Priority Needs Index (PNI_Modified).

The results indicated that the overall current state of the learning ecosystem was at a high level, while the desirable state was at the highest level. The biotic component exhibited the highest priority needs index, specifically in the administrator aspect during the career preparation stage, followed by the abiotic component, specifically in external organizational collaboration, also during the career preparation stage followed by the abiotic component in external organizational collaboration. Overall, 11 promotion guidelines were identified across 9 aspects, such as budget management under the "One Classroom, One Career" project.