Nakkhabut Paritat Journal

The Development Strategies of the Glamping Model for Competitive Advantage for Sustainable Success in the Digital Era

2025-07-09T13:16:09+07:00

This academic article aims to present strategies for developing a glamping business model to achieve a competitive advantage for sustainable success in the digital era. It presents a concept by analysis of strategic knowledge to build a competitive advantage, linking it to services in the glamping accommodation business. It covers the following concepts: 1) competitive advantage, 2) product differentiation, 3) Customer Experience Management: CEM, 4) value added, and 5) perceived value. These serve as tools for defining strategies to enhance services in the increasingly popular glamping business in Thailand, ensuring alignment with the National Strategy 20-Year Plan (2018-2037) and a comprehensive national tourism development plan. To enable both public and private sectors to gain in-depth knowledge and understanding, enabling them to choose the most appropriate methods to manage their businesses. This will benefit the service and tourism industries in the digital age.

Creative Change Management Strategies for Restaurant Businesses

2025-10-30T14:46:50+07:00

The constantly changing economic and social landscape has created structural pressures on the restaurant industry across multiple dimensions, including market competition, technology, consumer behavior, and rapidly evolving policies and regulations. The stated points have created a strategic gap in restaurant management, for which many businesses have yet to develop an appropriate approach in response to such changes. Key challenges faced by the restaurant business sector include rising costs, with both rent and raw material prices continuing to increase; intensified competition and the emergence of new distribution channels; and shifts in consumer behavior. Consumers place greater emphasis on sustainability, health, and experiential value. Such changes compel restaurant businesses to adapt to remain viable. Therefore, restaurant businesses need a strategic approach to creative change management that guides direction-setting and managerial decision-making to achieve defined objectives : intelligent team development, enhancement of leadership capacity, excellence in resource management, application of service technologies, and promotion of strategic innovativeness to establish best practices that can lead to sustainable business success.

Effect of simulation on Chinese speaking skills of grade sixth students

2025-09-01T17:18:03+07:00

The purposes of this research were to: 1) compare Chinese speaking skills before and after using simulated instruction, 2) compare Chinese speaking skills before and after using traditional instruction, and 3) compare Chinese speaking skills between using simulated instruction and traditional instruction. The sample groups are 60 grade sixth students from Bannongwa (Chamainukul) School. A group of 30 students is the control group, and the other group of 30 students is the experimental group, which was sampled by cluster random sampling. The research instruments are Chinese lesson plans for simulated instruction, Chinese lesson plans for traditional instruction, and a Chinese speaking skills test.

The research results revealed that 1) the students were taught using simulation in Chinese speaking skills were higher than before using simulated instruction, which was significantly different. 05, 2) The students were taught using traditional instruction, in Chinese speaking skills were higher than before using traditional instruction, which was significantly different at .05, and 3) the Chinese speaking skills of students educated with the simulations are significantly higher than those of students educated with traditional instruction at the significant level of 0.05

The Development of Strategic Digital Leadership Model of School Administrators Under the Office of the Primary Educational

2025-08-01T16:23:56+07:00

The objectives of this mixed-method research are 1) to analyze the components and methods for developing strategic digital leadership of school administrators, 2) construct and develop a strategic digital leadership model for school administrators, and 3) validate and verify the strategic digital leadership development model for school administrators under Primary Educational Service Area Offices. The sample group consisted of 226 school administrators selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments included questionnaires, interview forms, and model component evaluation forms. Statistics employed for data analysis comprised frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, along with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

The research findings indicate that 1) the components constituting the strategic digital leadership development model for educational administrators comprise ten elements: possessing a digital vision, creating a digital learning culture, professional operational excellence, digital management, digital citizenship, digital strategic thinking, digital strategy formulation, adaptation to the digital era, and the establishment of digital collaborative networks and defining the digital vision, 2) the DSL Model constitutes the strategic digital leadership development framework for school administrators, comprising five distinct modalities: workshops, brainstorming, coaching, study visits, and seminars. The implementation proceeds through the STAR process, grounded in the principles of good governance, continuity, and sustainability, and Verification and validation of the model revealed that its suitability, feasibility, consistency, and utility were evaluated at the highest level across all dimensions, and 3) verification and validation of the model revealed that its suitability, feasibility, consistency, and utility were evaluated at the highest level across all dimension.

Mechanism for Collaboration to Drive Thung Sai Subdistrict to Become a Local Market

2025-07-09T13:32:38+07:00

This research aimed to 1) study the context and assess the potential of the area towards the creation of a community product market in Thung Sai Subdistrict Municipality, 2) to create and develop mechanisms, cooperation, and models to drive Thung Sai Subdistrict Municipality towards becoming a community product market. The research methodology was a mixed-methods approach. The sample included Thung Sai Subdistrict Municipality personnel, community leaders, local scholars, the private sector, and people in the Thung Sai Subdistrict area. The research instrument was a questionnaire with 362 respondents. The key informants were interviewed and focused on 25 people. The data were then analyzed and processed to find percentages, means, standard deviations, and content analysis.

The research results revealed: 1) The majority of the sample group expressed their opinions on organizing the market in the form of a community market in the Hua Tha area, which was originally an old market for trading and exchanging community products. Thung Sai Subdistrict has diverse resources, and most local lifestyles adhere to the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy. Therefore, it was proposed that people be allowed to exchange goods within the market area to promote local raw materials and products. 2) Establishing and advancing collaborative mechanisms and operational models to transition Thung Sai Subdistrict Municipality toward a sustainable community product marketplace received a high overall rating, with a mean of 4.72. The findings indicate that public opinion ranked cooperation principles alongside the structure and mechanisms of collaboration highest, averaging 4.73. Policies and regulations precipitated the establishment of

The Influence of Online Marketing Communication on Perceived Value of Cultural Tourism at Wat Pa Lelai Worawihan, Suphan Buri Province, Thailand

2025-10-20T09:18:59+07:00

This study aimed to (1) analyze tourists’ awareness of marketing communication strategies, (2) assess tourists’ perceived value of cultural tourism, and (3) examine how each marketing communication factor influenced perceived cultural tourism value at Wat Pa Lelai Worawihan, Suphan Buri Province. Quantitative data from 447 tourists were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression.

Results showed high awareness of marketing communication, especially online marketing, advertising, and public relations. Perceived value was also high, with spiritual value rated highest. Regression results indicated that online marketing had the strongest influence on perceived value, followed by sales promotion, direct marketing, and advertising, while public relations had no significant effect. The model explained 83.7% of the variance in perceived value, emphasizing that interactive online communication enhances tourists’ perceived cultural tourism value. It is recommended that temple administrators and local tourism agencies prioritize digital content creation, active social media engagement, and continuous online storytelling to deepen visitors’ emotional connections and promote sustainable cultural tourism development.

The Study of Identity and Brand Design for Communication Rail Tourism Khao Luang Local Life in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

2025-10-30T09:30:31+07:00

This research aims to study the identity of Khao Luang's local lifestyle for rail tourism brand design in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and to design a Khao Luang local lifestyle rail tourism brand in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. This research used participatory research techniques, employing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 40 purposively selected participants within a 10-kilometer radius of five railway stations. These participants included members of the public, stakeholders, and academics. The research instrument used was a semi-structured interview form, which was reviewed for consistency by experts. The data were analyzed using inductive analysis.

Research Findings 1) Interviews with informants revealed that the Khao Luang local lifestyle within a 10-kilometer radius of five railway stations (Thung Song Junction Station, Na Bon Station, Khlong Chandi Station, Chawang Station, and Then Pho Station) possesses a distinctive local identity. Natural attractions include Khao Soon and Nan Chon Waterfall; cultural attractions include the Siam Kammajon Old Building, Sam Po Kong Shrine, and the Na Bon Chinese Community; and ecotourism attractions such as the Pru Ajai Community Ecotourism and Khao Luang National Park. The research also found that relevant information for rail tourism brand design consisted of: a brand name (Khao Luang Local Rail Tourism), a mascot symbolizing a train or lucky animal, and a color scheme with red representing the train, green representing nature, and gold representing Buddhism. 2) The synthesized information was used to design a rail tourism brand communicated through three formats: logo, mascot, and graphics.

Enhancing the Business Capabilities of Grassroots Entrepreneurs through Accounting Management: A Case Study of the Fermented Fish Community Enterprises in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

2025-10-30T09:35:27+07:00

This study aims (1) to enhance the business capabilities of the community enterprises engaged in the production of Pla Sai Ouan (fermented fish) in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, and (2) to compare the business capabilities of these enterprises before and after participating in the training program developed for this research. A quasi-experimental design was employed, using a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of Pla Sai Ouan entrepreneurs in Nakhon Si Thammarat registered with the Department of Agricultural Extension’s community enterprise group or the Department of Community Development’s OTOP group. A purposive sampling method was used, and five community enterprise groups were selected as the sample. To develop the business capabilities of the Pla Sai Ouan entrepreneurs, the research team initially assessed their existing capabilities and found that most entrepreneurs lacked skills in recording income and expenditure accounts and other business-related competencies. For the aforementioned reasons, training was provided to entrepreneurs, and a Financial App was introduced to enable more convenient data recording. The results revealed that the trainees were able to analyze their business operations, recognize the importance of accurate bookkeeping, and maintain income and expenditure accounts. Based on the monitoring results, all groups demonstrated improved performance in terms of balance sheet indicators, revenue, and net profit. Statistical analysis indicated that the sample entrepreneurs’ mean revenue after participating in the skills training was significantly higher than the mean revenue before the training (p < 0.05).

Opinions and Acceptance of Virtual Hospitals Among Hospital Service Users in Southern Thailand

2025-10-30T11:35:41+07:00

This study investigates the opinions and acceptance of virtual hospitals as an alternative healthcare service among service users in Southern Thailand in the digital era. The study employed a survey research methodology; data were collected from a purposive sample of 400 hospital users across 13 hospitals in four southern provinces of Thailand, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that overall opinions regarding the use of hospital services are at a moderate level. Negative perceptions regarding crowding and the waiting time for services were at a high level. While the most positive opinions were expressed regarding the safety and comfort of the service venue. Regarding the acceptance of virtual hospitals, the public placed the highest level of importance on perceived benefits, namely the elimination of travel time and the reduction of infection risk. The primary disadvantages are the limited capacity to assess complex symptoms that require direct physical examination and the inability to manage emergency conditions. However, 80% of service users recognize the benefits of virtual hospitals and accept their use, as they can effectively reduce hospital overcrowding. The system should be developed to include populations with limited access to technology, and an appropriate patient triage process should be implemented to identify those suitable for virtual hospital services, taking symptom urgency into account, while expanding the availability of communication technologies to ensure broad coverage. However, they perceive drawbacks in the limitations for examining complex symptoms that require physical contact and the inability to handle emergencies. Crucially, 80% of service users acknowledged the benefits and expressed acceptance of virtual hospitals, believing they can effectively reduce crowding in physical hospitals. The research suggests that future development of virtual hospital systems should focus on inclusive access for populations with technological limitations, establish appropriate patient triage based on symptom urgency, and enhance the readiness and coverage of communication technology.

The Relationship Between Strategic Leadership of School Administrators and Strategic Performance-Based Budget Management in Schools under the Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 3

2025-10-30T14:55:44+07:00

This research aimed to:1) study strategic leadership of school administrators, 2) study strategic performance-based budget management, and 3)examine the relationship between strategic leadership of school administrators and strategic performance-based budget management. The sample consisted of 327 teachers under the Songkhla Primary Educational Service Area Office 3. The research instrument was a questionnaire with a reliability of .975. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient.

The research results found that 1) the strategic leadership of school administrators, overall and in each aspect, was at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that strategy formulation had the highest average value, followed by vision formulation, while the lowest mean score was found for strategy control and evaluation, 2) Overall, the budget management is focused on performance according to the school strategy at a high level. When considering each aspect, it was found that the aspect at the highest level was financial management and budget control. In procurement system management and budget planning, the aspect rated at a high level are internal auditing, product cost calculation, financial reporting, operating results, and asset management, and 3) strategic leadership of school administrators was highly positively correlated with strategic performance-based budget management, with a statistical significance level of .01. The relationship is ranked in order from most to least in 3 levels as follows: revolutionary thinking for change and budget planning, strategy formulation and budget planning, and the strategic control and evaluation aspects with financial reporting and performance results respectively.

Time-Series Techniques for Forecasting the Unemployment Rate in China

2025-11-27T10:05:22+07:00

This study aims to investigate forecasting methods for urban unemployment rates in China and to compare the accuracy of six time series forecasting techniques, namely Trend Analysis, Decomposition, Simple Moving Average, Single Exponential Smoothing, Double Exponential Smoothing, and Winter’s Method. The data used in this study consist of 60 monthly unemployment rate observations collected from January 2020 to December 2024. Minitab 16 was employed as the primary statistical tool to conduct the forecasting and evaluate the accuracy of each method using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as the primary performance metric. The findings reveal that the most appropriate forecasting method for this dataset is the Winters Method, since it yields the lowest MAPE when compared with other methods applied in the study.

The Legend of Nakhon Si Thammarat: A Series of Creative Picture Storybooks to Enhance Learning in History, Arts, and Culture

2025-11-21T15:33:34+07:00

A study on “The Legend of Nakhon Si Thammarat: A Series of Creative Picture Storybooks to Enhance Learning in History, Arts, and Culture” aims to: 1) study the legends of Nakhon Si Thammarat in relation to history, arts, and culture, 2) develop educational media based on the legends to promote learning in history, arts, and culture in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, and 3) enhance learning through creative media storytelling about Nakhon Si Thammarat in the form of an electronic book (E-book). The study employs qualitative research methods, including field data collection through observation, interviews, and focus group discussions with 16 local scholars and relevant individuals. The data is analyzed using the concepts of cultural learning promotion and the theory of the diffusion of art and culture, with findings summarized through descriptive analysis.

The research results reveal that the legends of Nakhon Si Thammarat have long-standing connections to history, arts, and culture, particularly in relation to Buddhism. These legends have been passed down through oral storytelling and documented in various texts, notably the Nirvana Sutra. The researcher has creatively adapted the legends of Nakhon Si Thammarat into a storytelling set to promote learning, presented in the form of an electronic book (E-book). This format supports online learning, making the knowledge accessible to the general public and facilitating easier understanding and access to the legends of Nakhon Si Thammarat. It is well-suited to the modern era and promotes continuous learning opportunities.

The Opinions of Visitors Towards Ecotourism Attractions Components in Namom District, Sonkhla Province

2025-10-30T11:49:38+07:00

This research aimed to study visitors' opinions on the components of ecotourism attractions in Namom District, Songkhla Province, and to study management approaches towards the components of ecotourism attractions. The sample group was 395 tourists randomly selected through an accidental sampling process and 31 volunteer visitors who visited three tourist attractions: Kuan Khan Lao, Suan Lung Phan, and Father's Farm. The questionnaire was used as a research tool to study the components of tourist attractions in four aspects: attractiveness, accessibility, facilities, and tourist activities. Data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. Research statistics included percentage, mean, standard deviation, F-test, and t-test. The qualitative research used a purposive sampling method to select key informants from focus group discussions and interviews with the community leaders, head of local government organization, and community tourism entrepreneurs with opinions based on the components of ecotourism attractions in the Namom District area.

The research results revealed that visitors’ opinions toward Father's Farm were at a very high level, while Kuan Khan Lao and Suan Lung Phan were at a high level. It was also found that the attractiveness and tourist activities of the ecotourism destinations were rated at a very high level. When comparing the differences in the components of ecotourism attractions among the three destinations, it was found that the components of attractiveness, facilities, and tourist activities were significantly different at the .05 level. However, there was no significant difference in accessibility. Key management guidelines for ecotourism attractions include the provision of adequate facilities, safe and accessible public transportation, clear signage of tourist attractions, souvenir shops, and accommodations for tourists.

Enhancing Students’ Reading Interest through Book Presentations with Infographics

2025-11-14T09:03:13+07:00

This study aimed to 1) examine students’ reading interest before and after participating in a book-presentation activity using infographic media, 2) compare reading interest between the pre- and post-activity assessments, and 3) investigate students’ satisfaction with the activity. The participants were 19 second-year undergraduate students enrolled in the course Information Services and Reading Promotion in the first semester of the 2025 academic year (B.E. 2568). The research instruments comprised (1) a 15-item reading interest questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale covering two dimensions: intrinsic interest and extrinsic interest, and (2) a satisfaction questionnaire covering four aspects, also on a five-point Likert scale. Content validity of both instruments was evaluated, with item–objective congruence (IOC) indices ranging from 0.67 to 1.00. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, specifically a dependent-samples t-test.

The results indicated that, prior to the activity, students’ extrinsic reading interest was at a moderate level. After the activity, the overall mean reading interest score was significantly higher than the pre-activity score at the .05 level, suggesting that the infographic-based book-presentation activity was effective in enhancing students’ reading interest. In addition, students reported the highest level of overall satisfaction with the activity, indicating that the activity can be appropriately applied as a reading-promotion approach in related courses.

A Study of Learning Achievement on Statistics Using Blended Learning and Statistics Learning Package for Students in the Bachelor of Education Program in Mathematics

2025-10-30T11:47:10+07:00

The objectives of this research were to: 1) evaluate the quality of the statistics skills practice package, 2) compare learning achievement before and after learning management on the topic of statistics using blended learning combined with the statistics skills practice package, 3) determine the efficiency of learning on the topic of statistics using blended learning combined with the statistics skills practice package, meeting the standard criteria of 75/75, and 4) study student satisfaction after the learning management on the topic of statistics using blended learning combined with the statistics skills practice package. The population consisted of 55 undergraduate students in the Bachelor of Education Program in Mathematics enrolled in the first semester of the academic year 2023. The data collection instruments for this research included: 1) a learning achievement test on statistics, 2) statistical skill-practice packages, 3) an online statistics module, and 4) a questionnaire measuring satisfaction towards blended learning combined with the use of skill-practice exercises.

The research results indicated that: 1) The quality assessment of the statistics skills practice package by five experts showed that the package was at a very good level. 2) The learning achievement after learning management using blended learning combined with the statistics skills practice package had a mean percentage of 78.95, which was significantly higher than the pre-learning achievement (mean percentage of 62.28) at the .01 level. 3) The efficiency of learning on the topic of statistics using blended learning combined with the statistics skills practice package resulted in a process efficiency score of 83.06 and an outcome efficiency score of 78.95. Moreover, 4) The students' satisfaction with the learning management on the topic of statistics using blended learning, combined with the statistics skills practice package, was overall at the highest level.

Technique Development for Measuring and Assessing Primary Students’ Competency in Special Area Schools, Lampang Province

2025-11-28T15:10:14+07:00

This research aimed to: 1) develop techniques for measuring and assessing the primary students’ competency in special area schools, Lampang Province, and 2) evaluate the use of techniques for measuring and assessing the primary students’ competency in special area schools, Lampang Province. The sample in the synthesis and development of techniques was 20 experts. For quality inspection of techniques, tryouts, and evaluation of their use, there were 236 specialists in primary education teaching and assessment and 24 teachers under the Lampang Primary Educational Service Area Office 1 and 3. The instrument used in the research was a form to record a group discussion with experts, a quality assessment of techniques for competency measurement and assessment, and a competency assessment form for measuring and evaluating teachers' competency bases. Statistics used in research included mean, standard deviation, and effectiveness index.

The research revealed that: 1) The developed competency measurement and assessment techniques comprised three components: (1) determining competencies aimed at evaluating, (2) tools and procedures, and (3) criteria and assessment interpretation. The quality in terms of accuracy, appropriateness, usefulness, and feasibility were at a high level in all aspects. 2) After using the technique, it was indicated that teachers' competency in competency-based measurement and assessment was higher than before implementation at a high level. The effectiveness index for the technique was 0.46, indicating that implementing the developed techniques enhanced teachers' competency in competency-based measurement and assessment by approximately 46%.

The Effects of Reflective Thinking with Mind Mapping on Academic Achievement in Higher Education

2025-12-16T09:40:28+07:00

The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between reflective thinking ability, as demonstrated through mind mapping, and academic achievement in higher education. The population for this study consisted of students from the Bachelor of Business Administration Program, Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy, KhonKaen University. A purposive sampling method was employed, selecting students enrolled in the course Food Safety Management for Hospitality and Event Businesses. The variable examined was reflective thinking using mind mapping, comprising five subcomponents of reflective thinking ability and academic achievement. The statistical measures used include frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. For the analysis of the relationship between reflective ability using mind mapping and the academic achievement variable, the statistic employed was the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r).

The research findings revealed that reflection using a mind map had a positive and very high correlation (r = .862) with academic achievement, which was statistically significant at the .01 level. It can therefore be concluded with 99% confidence that students who demonstrate a more complete ability to reflect using a mind map achieve higher academic results.

Development of Environmental Education Curriculum of Border Patrol Police Learning Centre, Ban Phaen Din Samur, Klong Thom District Krabi Province.

2025-10-29T15:34:25+07:00

This research aimed to develop an environmental education curriculum and to evaluate the curriculum using CIPP model. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology. The study included 49 participants, selected through purposive sampling, including school administrators, teachers at Ban Phaen Din Samur Border Patrol Police Learning Center, wildlife sanctuary officers, community scholars, and parents of students. The instruments consisted of the environmental education curriculum, related documents, and a questionnaire. The environmental education curriculum was developed through the participation of households, government, the school, and the community. This curriculum was mainly developed for grade 4-6 students. It was comprised of 5 learning units with a total duration of 60 hours. The content integrates local ecological knowledge, history, indigenous wisdom, and community-based environmental management. The learning activities emphasize experiential learning and active participation to foster environmentally responsible citizenship. The evaluation of environmental curriculum education was divided into 2 parts. 1)Evaluation based on interviews and focus group discussions with administrators, teachers, and local sages indicated that the curriculum aligns with the school’s context and policies, which emphasize the expansion of knowledge and collaboration with the community through the integration of royal initiative projects, such as botanical gardens, schools and communities are equipped with adequate facilities, equipment, social and natural learning resources, and local sages. Classroom and field-based learning enable students to gain first-hand experience and develop an understanding of the importance of community resources. 2) The evaluation from the questionnaire, the results collected from students, and those from their parents indicated that the curriculum was appropriate for the community, school, and students at a high level.

Image and Marketing Mix (7P’s) Affecting Purchase Decision on Outbound Tourism Packages of Working-Age Tourists

2025-11-28T16:47:54+07:00

The objectives of this research were to study: 1) image level of tourism business of working-age tourists, 2) marketing mix (7P’s) level of tourism business of working-age tourists, and 3) image and marketing mix affecting purchase decision on outbound tourism packages of working-age tourists. This quantitative research focused on a sample of 400 working-age tourists who had previously engaged in the purchase of outbound tourism packages. A questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. The statistics used were frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation (SD) and hypothesis was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.

The study showed that: 1) the overall level of opinions on brand image had the highest average level, 2) the level of marketing mix (7P's) opinion on product had the highest average level, 3) brand image and product/service image factors significantly affected purchase decision on outbound tourism packages of working-age tourists at 0.05 and 0.01 significance level, Additionally, the marketing mix (7P’s) factors on product, individual and personnel, service process, and physical environment factors significantly affected purchase decision on outbound tourism packages of working-age tourists at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.01, respectively.

Effects of Organizational Support on Job Satisfaction through Variables of Work Life Balance and Role Resources

2025-09-25T10:46:45+07:00

This research aims to: 1) examine the influence of organizational support on employee job satisfaction and 2) analyze the mediating effects of work-life balance and role-related resources on the relationship between organizational support and job satisfaction. To collect empirical data, the researcher employed a questionnaire that met content validity criteria with an IOC (Index of Item-Objective Congruence) value exceeding 0.50; demonstrated discriminant validity with HTMT (Heterotrait-Monotrait) ratios not exceeding 0.85, and exhibited high reliability with Cronbach's alpha values greater than 0.70. A 320 questionnaire was distributed online via Google Forms to private-sector employees in Bangkok and surrounding areas, selected by purposive sampling by targeting individuals who voluntarily consented to participate in the study. Of those distributed, 250 were fully completed and deemed valid for inclusion in the data analysis.

The findings revealed that work-life balance and role resources are important mechanisms that link the influence of organizational support to job satisfaction, with both factors playing similarly significant roles. In terms of practical application, if an organization has a limited budget, investing in work-life balance initiatives may be a more cost-effective choice initially, as they have lower startup costs. For role resources, investments should also be made, but can be implemented gradually as budgets become available.

Editorial

2025-12-29T17:18:53+07:00