UBRU International Journal

Empowering Teachers' Performance in Educational Institutions Under the Jurisdiction of The Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen Secondary Educational Service Area Office

Maprang Intaprom — 2026-08-30

The purposes of this research were to 1) examine teachers’ performance empowerment 2) compare teachers’ performance empowerment classified by position, work experience, and school size and 3) propose guidelines for enhancing teachers’ performance empowerment.

The sample consisted of 349 school administrators and teachers, determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The research instruments included a five-point Likert scale questionnaire with a reliability of .98 and structured interviews. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis.

The findings revealed that: 1) teachers’ performance empowerment was overall at a high level (Mean = 4.48, S.D. = 0.50). The highest mean score was professional training and development (Mean = 4.51, S.D. = 0.55) followed by confidence and capacity building (Mean = 4.51, S.D. = 0.56). 2) Significant differences were found by position, work experience and school size. School administrators reported higher empowerment levels (Mean = 4.72, S.D. = 0.30) than teachers (Mean = 4.47, S.D. = 0.51) at the .05 level. Respondents with more than 10 years of experience (Mean = 4.57, S.D. = 0.44) and those from extra-large schools (Mean = 4.57, S.D. = 0.42) reported higher empowerment levels than other groups at the .01 level. 3) The guidelines consisted of professional development, confidence and capacity building, delegation and autonomy, morale and motivation and supportive working environment.

The Effects of CSR With Story Mapping on Reading Comprehension and Summary Writing Ability of Grade 5 Learners: A Case Study of Christian School in Thailand

Sumana Junkoses — 2026-08-30

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of Collaborative Strategic Reading (CSR) supplemented with Story Mapping on 1) English reading comprehension and 2) English summary writing ability among Grade 5 students. The sample group consisted of 32 students from Grade 5 attending a case study of a Christian school in Udon Thani Province. This study employed a one-group pretest-posttest follow-up design. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA for assess the Effect of The Learning Management on both The English reading comprehension and summary writing Ability Pre-test. The research instruments were: 1) Six Lesson plans of the learning management in 18 periods and in time total were 900 minutes during 2nd semester in 2025 academic year, 2) A 30-item multiple-choice English reading comprehension test, and 3) An English summary writing test

Result found: Grade 5 students showed significant higher scores in English reading comprehension when tested after (Posttest at M = 20.56, SD = 5.32) and Follow up after test (2 weeks) (M = 21.00, SD = 6.02) than Pretest (M = 16.47, SD = 5.55, p < .05). 2) Grade 5 students who were taught using CSR combined with Story Mapping technique, had significant higher scores on English summary writing Ability (Posttest at M = 12.78, SD = 5.89) and on Follow up after two weeks test (M = 13.56, SD=5.54), than Pretest scores (M =4.46, SD = 4.46, p < .05). Students were able to retain their reading comprehension as well as summarize writing skills.

A Study on The Present Situation and Development Countermeasures of Basketball in Secondary Vocational School in Huainan

Lihong Zhu — 2026-08-30

This article aimed to examine the current situation of basketball participation in secondary vocational schools in Huainan City, analyze the factors influencing students’ participation and the development of basketball activities, and propose strategies for promoting basketball activities in secondary vocational schools in Huainan City. The sample consisted of 302 students from secondary vocational schools in Huainan and 5 physical education teachers. They were selected by purposive sampling. The instruments for collecting data were questionnaires and semi-structured interview forms. The questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from students regarding their participation in basketball activities, while interviews with physical education teachers were conducted to obtain additional information about teaching conditions and development issues. All research instruments were validated by experts using the Item-Objective Congruence (IOC) method. The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and content analysis.

The research results indicated that basketball participation in secondary vocational schools in Huainan was generally positive, with most schools having basic teaching resources and students showing strong interest in participating; however, improvements in sports facilities, equipment, and increased class hours were still needed to enhance both curricular and extracurricular activities. Differences were found between teachers’ and students’ perceptions regarding teaching quality, feedback, and class size, with teachers tending to rate these aspects more positively, suggesting a perceptual gap and the need to improve communication and feedback. Interview findings revealed that inadequate sports facilities, limited basketball equipment, insufficient funding, and a shortage of specialized basketball instructors were key barriers to the development of basketball activities in secondary vocational schools. Teachers also emphasized the importance of increasing administrative support, improving facility management, and providing more inter-school basketball competitions. For development, a “competition and learning integration model” is recommended, focusing on enhancing general students’ physical fitness, providing systematic training for talented players, and promoting inter-school cooperation and joint training to strengthen competitive basketball teams.

The Relationship Between Technological Leadership and Academic Administration of School Administrators

Siriporn Buajoom — 2026-08-30

This research aimed to 1) examine the level of technological leadership among school administrators, 2) investigate the level of academic administration, 3) determine the relationship between technological leadership and academic administration, and 4) propose development guidelines for technological leadership in academic administration under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office of Ubon Ratchathani and Amnat Charoen. The quantitative sample comprised 349 participants (20 school administrators and 329 teachers) selected via proportional stratified random sampling. Research instruments included a 5-point rating scale questionnaire and structured interviews with 3 key informants. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient

The research findings revealed that: 1) The level of technological leadership of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ubon Ratchathani Amnat Charoen was at the highest level overall ( = 4.94) 2) The level of academic management of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ubon Ratchathani Amnat Charoen was also at the highest level overall ( = 4.87) 3) The relationship between technological leadership and academic management of school administrators under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office Ubon Ratchathani Amnat Charoen showed a statistically significant positive correlation at the .01 level, with a high correlation coefficient (r = .871). 4) Development guidelines should focus on enhancing technological vision and internal quality assurance through systematic supervision and digital networking.

Effects of Game-Based Learning Teaching on Senior High School Students’ Taekwondo High Roundhouse Kick Performance and Learning Satisfaction

Peng Lu — 2026-08-30

This study examined the effects of Game-Based Learning (GBL) teaching on senior high school students’ Taekwondo high roundhouse kick technical performance and learning satisfaction. Technical performance was examined through three indicators: movement standardization, 20-second kicking speed, and kicking power. Method: A quasi-experimental pre-test, mid-test, and post-test control-group design was adopted. Sixty Grade 10 male students were assigned to an experimental group (n = 30) receiving GBL Taekwondo teaching and a control group (n = 30) receiving traditional instruction. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with two 45-minute lessons per week. The experimental teaching design included structured game tasks, progressive challenges, immediate feedback, peer cooperation, and competition. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, and Cohen’s d. Results: At post-test, the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group in movement standardization (8.88 ± 0.97 vs. 8.12 ± 0.97, p = .001) and kicking power (6.85 ± 0.80 vs. 5.60 ± 0.81, p < .001). The experimental group also achieved a higher mean score in 20-second kicking speed, but the difference was not statistically significant (7.48 ± 6.01 vs. 5.90 ± 4.96, p = .205). Learning satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group (84.15 ± 3.52 vs. 79.45 ± 2.68, p < .001). Conclusion: GBL teaching produced clear positive effects on movement standardization, kicking power, and learning satisfaction, while its effect on kicking speed was positive but statistically limited. The findings support the use of structured GBL tasks in senior high school Taekwondo skill instruction.

Effects of Metaverse Spatial Virtual Reality Technology with Flipped Classroom on Learning Achievement in Badminton Subject of Grade 8

Viranya Rakthong — 2026-08-30

This study aimed to 1) evaluate the instructional efficiency of a Spatial Metaverse-based Virtual Learning Environment integrated with a flipped classroom approach for badminton instruction; 2) compare students' learning achievement before and after the intervention; 3) compare learning achievement between students receiving the integrated instructional approach and those receiving conventional instruction; and 4) examine students' satisfaction with the instructional approach. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was employed. The participants were 60 Grade 8 students from Matthayom Wat Thatthong School during the second semester of the 2025 academic year. Two intact classrooms were selected through purposive sampling and assigned to either the experimental group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 30) using a simple lottery procedure. The experimental group learned through the Spatial Metaverse-based virtual learning environment integrated with a flipped classroom approach, whereas the control group received conventional badminton instruction. Data were collected using learning achievement tests and a student satisfaction questionnaire and analyzed using the E1/E2 efficiency criterion (80/80), descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, and independent-samples t-tests at the .05 significance level. The findings indicated that the developed instructional media achieved efficiency values of 84.58/81.17 (E1/E2) for cognitive achievement and 84.14/89.50 (E1/E2) for psychomotor performance, exceeding the established 80/80 criterion. The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher post-test achievement ( = 30.83) than pre-test achievement ( = 22.90, p < .05) and significantly higher post-test scores than the control group ( = 28.93, p < .05). Students also reported a very high level of satisfaction, with the highest ratings for content appropriateness ( = 4.57), language clarity ( = 4.50), and alignment with contemporary learning contexts ( = 4.53). instructional language ( = 4.50), and the alignment of the learning environment with contemporary educational contexts ( = 4.53).

Customer Relationship Management and Service Quality Influencing Life Insurance Purchase Decisions Through Trust in Life Insurance Agents in Bangkok Metropolitan Area

Warin Chotivanich — 2026-08-30

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing life insurance purchase decisions through trust in life insurance agents in the Bangkok metropolitan area. Customer relationship management and service quality were hypothesized to have significant relationships with trust, which mediates life insurance purchase decisions. The sample (n = 600) was collected from online and offline questionnaires using convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with Smart PLS, alongside Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), to assess validity, reliability, and model fit, as well as to test the proposed hypotheses. The results of the structural model analysis revealed that customer relationship management, service quality, and trust have significant direct effects on insurance purchase decisions at the .01 level of statistical significance. In addition, customer relationship management has a significant indirect effect on purchase decisions through trust at the .05 level ( = .036, p = .037). Similarly, service quality demonstrates a significant indirect effect on purchase decisions through trust at the .01 level, confirming the mediating role of trust in the proposed model.

Preserving and Promoting the Marine Cultural Landscape of Hoi An

Nguyen Thi Vinh Linh — 2026-08-30

Hoi An’s coastal environment has long shaped distinctive patterns of settlement, livelihoods, heritage, and cultural practices, forming a dynamic maritime cultural landscape. However, increasing environmental and socioeconomic changes are transforming both its physical characteristics and the cultural practices associated with the sea. This study examines Hoi An’s maritime cultural landscape as an interconnected system shaped by the interaction between coastal environments, communities, livelihoods, heritage, and maritime cultural practices. Specifically, it identifies the principal components and values of the landscape, examines the major changes and challenges affecting its preservation, and develops management directions for sustaining and promoting its values. A qualitative research design was adopted, combining field surveys, direct observation, documentary analysis, and semi-structured exchanges with local residents involved in fishing, seafood-related activities, and other marine-dependent livelihoods. The data were thematically classified and interpreted through cross-referencing field evidence with documentary sources. The findings reveal that Hoi An’s maritime cultural landscape comprises interconnected natural, residential, livelihood, community, tangible heritage, and intangible cultural components, reflecting the city’s long-standing maritime history. Nevertheless, coastal erosion, environmental change, transformations in settlement and livelihood patterns, tourism-oriented coastal development, and declining community engagement in some maritime cultural practices are increasingly disrupting these relationships. The study therefore argues that conservation should move beyond the protection of individual heritage assets toward an integrated landscape approach that connects environmental management, heritage conservation, livelihood continuity, cultural revitalization, and community participation. Such an approach can strengthen the resilience and cultural continuity of Hoi An’s maritime landscape while creating opportunities for heritage-based tourism and sustainable local development.

Nong Mon Qilin: Souvenir Design Based on Local Identity of Saensuk Subdistrict, Chonburi Province, Thailand

Suparat Khampeera — 2026-08-30

The Qilin, a Chinese mythological creature representing virtue and prosperity, has become emblematic of the local Teochew-Chinese identity. This research employs Qilin symbolism to develop a culturally appropriate souvenir design for the Nong Mon community in Chonburi Province, guided by three objectives: 1) to extract Qilin-related identity keywords reflective of Teochew-Chinese heritage; 2) to establish evidence-based design standards for Nong Mon souvenirs; and 3) to validate the proposed designs with community stakeholders. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, across three phases, involving 35 key informants in total (n = 35): 25 participants contributed focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in Phase 1, and 10 design and community validation specialists participated in Phase 3. An evaluation of 156 existing Nong Mon souvenirs was also conducted to identify market gaps. Data were analyzed through thematic and content analysis. In response to Objective 1, analysis identified seven Qilin identity keywords-virtue, longevity, prosperity, protection, auspiciousness, cultural continuity, and local belonging-which formed the design brief. In response to Objective 2, these keywords informed a five-element colour palette (blue, red, yellow, white, black, with gold and jade-green accents) and morphological design standards (e.g., dragon-scaled skin, deer-hoofed feet, single horn), applied to a 3D-printed collectible figurine prototype. In response to Objective 3, evaluation by ten key informants (design experts, cultural heritage specialists, and tourism scholars) produced four validated themes: cultural authenticity of the Qilin’s iconographic translation, material quality and refinement needs, narrative engagement potential, and community acceptance and heritage alignment. These findings contribute to the advancement of sustainable tourism while safeguarding Teochew-Chinese cultural heritage in the Saensuk subdistrict.

Developing A Context-Based Active English Learning Management Model to Enhance 21st-Century English Proficiency Among Primary School Students in Roi Et Province, Thailand

Poonsuk Jantasin — 2026-08-30

Primary school English instruction in unproductive because of instructional strategies mostly put emphasis on grammar and memorization rather than communication, resulting in students lacking confidence and not being able to use the language fluently. This study aims at developing active English language learning management model that aligns with the context of upper primary school students in Roi Et province and the 21st-century English language competency framework. Mixed-method research was applied in this study. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, the current conditions, forms and obstacles in English language learning was investigate, then model protocol was designing, next the "ROI-Active English Learning Model” was developed. In the second phase, implementing and evaluating the model were processed.

There were 20 primary English teachers and 30 upper primary school students in Roi Et Province involved in this study, selected using the volunteer sampling method. There were 2 research instruments: questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, used to collect data. Content analysis technique was used to analyze qualitative data; on the other hand, quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics.

The research findings revealed that:

1. Primary schools in Roi Et Province generally had adequate instructional facilities and technology; however, shortages of English learning resources and language laboratories remained problematic. Students commonly lacked confidence in using English and had limited critical thinking and communication skills. English instruction across four main skills emphasized active learning through multimedia, games, role-play, storytelling, and communicative activities, with performance-based assessments widely applied. Quantitative findings further indicated that teachers experienced instructional obstacles at a moderate level (Mean = 3.30, SD = 0.17), particularly excessive non-teaching workloads (Mean = 3.60, SD = 0.19), unsuitable instructional content (Mean = 3.35, SD = 0.11), and insufficient technological support (Mean = 3.33, SD = 0.10).

2. The ROI-Active English Learning Model, designed and developed in six steps, including 1) Analyze Instructional Context to understand the factors affecting learning, 2) Identify Learning Goals clearly and measurably, 3) Determine instructional strategies that emphasize active learning, focusing on student participation, and 4) Create learning activities that facilitate hands-on learning through group work, games, and the use of digital media. 5) Assess learning outcomes using both formative and summative assessment methods, and 6) Provide feedback and reflection to improve learning for maximum efficiency. The expert evaluation of the model showed a high level of appropriateness (overall Mean = 4.38, SD = 0.39), indicating that the components, procedural steps, contextual fit, and active-learning orientation of the model were suitable for implementation.

3. The students' attitudes and opinions toward English language learning designed based on the ROI-Active English Learning Model showed that they had a more positive attitude towards learning English, including increased enthusiasm for learning, and were able to improve their listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. In addition, students mentioned that this format made the instructions of English more effective and enjoyable because it was relevant to the context of primary school learners and could appropriately respond to their needs.

Theme-Rheme Framework in Hemingway’s The Old Man and The Sea: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspective

Dongkun Liu — 2026-08-31

This paper explores the theoretical framework of Theme and Rheme within Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and its relevance to Ernest Hemingway’s novella The Old Man and the Sea. Drawing on Halliday and Matthiessen’s (2014) model, the study examines how thematic structures, including topical, textual, and interpersonal Themes, organize the flow of information and contribute to textual coherence. A literature review approach was employed, synthesizing three main strands: applications of Theme-Rheme in literary texts, its role in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing, and linguistic as well as literary analyses of Hemingway’s work. The findings revealed that Theme-Rheme analysis offers valuable insights into Hemingway’s minimalist style, paratactic sentence structures, and symbolic representations, while also highlighting the novella’s suitability for pedagogical use in ELT contexts. The study identifies gaps in previous research, noting limited integration of Theme-Rheme with Hemingway studies, and underscores the framework’s interdisciplinary potential. Overall, this paper lays the groundwork for future research applying Theme-Rheme analysis to literary texts, bridging linguistic theory, literary interpretation, and language pedagogy.

A Relationship Between English Achievement and Perceived English Learning Motivation: Self-Determination Theory Perspective

Eain Dra Linn — 2026-08-31

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between English achievement and perceived English learning motivation among first-year undergraduate students at an international university in Thailand. A quantitative correlational design was adopted to explore how these psychological needs relate to students’ English achievement. A total of 252 undergraduate students participated in this study, and their motivational levels were assessed through a questionnaire based on the SDT framework. The results showed that students reported an overall high level of motivation, with autonomy rating the highest, followed by competence and relatedness. Pearson correlation analysis found a significant positive relationship between English achievement and all three motivating factors, with autonomy having the strongest correlation. These findings indicate that students with higher levels of autonomy, competence, and relatedness are more likely to achieve greater English achievement outcomes.

Pathways From Knowledge-Sharing Culture to Organizational Creativity: The Mechanism of Tacit Knowledge Sharing

Ao Chen — 2026-08-31

This study explores how five conditions - knowledge‑sharing culture, tacit knowledge sharing, explicit knowledge sharing, organizational trust, and leadership support -combine to generate high organizational creativity, with a focus on the critical role of tacit knowledge sharing across multiple configurations. Using fuzzy‑set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study conducted semi‑structured interviews and surveys with middle/senior managers and team leaders from 22 high‑tech enterprises in eastern China, yielding 22 valid cases. Results showed that five equifinal pathways to high organizational creativity are revealed, which can be summarized into three typical patterns: “tacit‑driven” - combinations of knowledge‑sharing culture and tacit knowledge sharing, complemented by either organizational trust or leadership support; “explicit‑tacit synergy” - both explicit and tacit knowledge sharing serve as core conditions; and “system‑supported” - all five conditions present simultaneously. Tacit knowledge sharing appears as a core condition in four of the five pathways, the highest frequency among all conditions, whereas explicit knowledge sharing must be matched with tacit knowledge sharing to be effective.

Real Estate Purchasing Decisions Among Generation X and Generation Y Consumers of AP (Thailand) Public Company Limited

Jaturong Sala — 2026-08-31

This quantitative study examined factors influencing real estate purchasing decisions among Generation X and Generation Y consumers, using AP (Thailand) Public Company Limited as a case study. The study focused on three independent variables: location factors, corporate image factors, and motivational factors. Data were collected through an online questionnaire from 400 consumers with perceptions or experiences related to real estate purchasing and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis.

The findings showed that motivational factors received the highest level of agreement, followed by location and corporate image factors. Multiple regression analysis indicated that corporate image factors had a statistically significant positive influence on real estate purchasing decisions ( = 0.649, p < 0.001), while location factors also had a statistically significant influence ( = -0.159, p = 0.002). However, motivational factors did not have a statistically significant influence ( = 0.020, p = 0.733). The regression model explained 42.5% of the variance in purchasing decisions (R² = 0.425). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found between Generation X and Generation Y in their real estate purchasing decisions (t = -0.199, p = .843).

The findings suggest that corporate image and location are important factors influencing real estate purchasing decisions. The results can guide AP (Thailand) Public Company Limited in developing real estate projects and marketing strategies that emphasize corporate credibility, reputation, service quality, safety, convenience, and public utilities.