fundamental principles and complexity of network neutrality: a review with examples from the United States
Keywords:
network neutrality, internet, United States of AmericaAbstract
This article presents a review of concepts and empirical studies on net neutrality with an emphasis on socio-political and historical contingencies of net neutrality regulations in different countries. The author conducts a literature review with special reference to case studies from the United States. Apart from summarizing fundamental ideas about net neutrality, this review illustrates how the ambivalence of the net neutrality debates has developed in relation to structural complexity and tensions between stakeholders in the field of telecommunication. Finally, this review article reiterates that, reconizing local particularity of net neutrality debates will provide a strong basis for further comparative research on the issue.
References
เอกสารภาษาไทย
โจวาน เคอร์บาลิจา. 2558. เปิดประตูสู่การอภิบาลอินเทอร์เน็ต. พิภพ อุดมอิทธิพงศ์, แปล. กรุงเทพมหานคร: มูลนิธิเพื่ออินเทอร์เน็ตและวัฒนธรรมพลเมือง.
เอกสารภาษาอังกฤษ
Berlin, Isaiah. 1969. Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cave, Martin, and Pietro Crocioni. 2007. “Does Europe Need Network Neutrality Rules?” International Journal of Communication (1): 669-679.
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2003. CCNA 1 and 2 Companion Guide. (Cisco Networking Academic Program) (3rd Edition). Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press.
Croeser, Sky. 2015. Global Justice and the Politics of Information: The struggle over knowledge. Oxon: Routledge.
Crowder, George. 2014. “Neutrality and Liberal Pluralism.” In Political Neutrality: A re-evaluation, edited by Roberto Merrill and Daniel Weinstock, 125-143. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
DeNardis, Laura. 2014. The Global War for Internet Governance. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Drissel, David. 2013. “Cyberspatial Transformations of Society: Applying Durkheimian and Weberian perspectives to the Internet.” The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 8(3): 81-96.
Foucault, Michel. 2007. Security, Territory, Population: lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978. edited by Michel Senellart and Arnold I. Davidson. Translated by Graham Burchell. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Givel, Michael S. and Stanton A. Glantz. 2001. “Tobacco Lobby Political Influence on US State Legislatures in the 1990s.” Tobacco Control 10(2): 124-134.
Graham, Gordon. 1999. The Internet: A philosophical inquiry. London: Routledge.
Gross, David A. and M. Ethan Lucarelli. 2011. “History and Evolution of the Network Neutrality Debate in the United States.” In Net Neutrality: Contributions to the debate. Jorge Pérez Martínez (coord.), 47-55. Madrid: Fundación Telefónica.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 2011. “The Net Neutrality Debate in the United States.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 8(4): 418-443.
Heywood, Andrew. 2002. Politics (2nd Edition). Palgrave Foundations, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaul, Inge and Ronald U. Mendoza. 2003. “Advancing the Concept of Public Goods.” In Providing Global Public Goods: Managing globalization, edited by Inge Kaul. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kelty, Christopher. 2005. “Geeks, Social Imaginaries, and Recursive Publics.” Cultural Anthropology 20(2): 185-214.
Kymlicka, Will. 1989. “Liberal Individualism and Liberal Neutrality.” Ethics 99(4): 883-905.
Lenard, Thomas and David Scheffman. 2006. “Distribution, Vertical Integration and The Net Neutrality Debate.” In Net Neutrality or Net Neutering: Should broadband internet services be regulated?, edited by Thomas Lenard and Randolph, 1-24. New York: Springer.
Marcus, J. Scott. 2008. “Network Neutrality: The roots of the debate in the United States.” Intereconomics 43(1): 30-37.
Marmor, Andrei. 2015. “What Is the Right to Privacy?” Philosophy & Public Affairs 43(1): 3-26.
Marsden, Christopher T. 2007. “Net Neutrality and Consumer Access to Content.” Scripted 4(4): 407-435.
Marsden, Christopher T. 2010. Net Neutrality. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic.
Marsden, Christopher T. 2012. “Network Neutrality: History, Regulation and Future.” IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política (13): 91-108.
Mason, Andrew D. 1990. “Autonomy, Liberalism and State Neutrality.” The Philosophical Quarterly 40(161): 433-452.
McKelvey, Fenwick. 2010. “Ends and Ways: The Algorithmic Politics of Network Neutrality.” Global Media Journal: Canadian edition 3(1): 51-73.
Morrisson, Mark. 2005. “Nationalism and the Modern American Canon.” In The Cambridge Companion to American Modernism, edited by Walter Kalaidjian, 12-35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Powell, Alison and Alissa Cooper. 2011. “Net Neutrality Discourses: Comparing Advocacy and Regulatory Arguments in the United States and the United Kingdom.” The Information Society 27(5): 311-325.
Rudisill, John P. 2000. “The Neutrality of the State and Its Justification in Rawls and Mill.” Auslegung: A journal of philosophy 23(2): 153-168.
Salamon, Lester M. and John J. Siegfried. 1977. “Economic Power and Political Influence: The Impact of Industry Structure on Public Policy.” The American Political Science Review 71(3): 1026-1043.
Saltzer, Jerome H., David P. Reed, and David D. Clark. 1984. “End-to-end arguments in system design.” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) 2(4): 277-288.
Slater, Don. 2002. “Social Relationships and Identity Online and Offline.” In Handbook of New Media: Social shaping and consequences of ICTs, edited by Sonia M. Livingstone and Leah A. Lievrouw, 533-546. London: Sage.
Smith, Courtney E. 2010. “Net Neutrality, Full Throttle: Regulation of Broadband Internet Service Following the Comcast/Bittorrent Dispute.” Santa Clara Law Review 50(2): 569-606.
Turilli, Matteo, Vaccaro Antonino, and Mariarosaria Taddeo. 2012. “Internet Neutrality: Ethical issues in the internet environment.” Philosophy & Technology 25(2): 133-151.
Wu, Tim. 2003. “Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination.” Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law 2(1): 141-176.
เอกสารออนไลน์
สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา. 2556. “อภิบาล.” 13 มกราคม. http://bit.ly/2s1XKje. สืบค้น
วันที่ 16 ธันวาคม 2560.
AT&T. 2011. “An Update for Our Smartphone Customers with Unlimited Data Plans.” July 29, 2011. http://soc.att.com/2EXnm6T. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Bindal, Ruchir, Pei Cao, William Chan, Jan Medval, George Suwala, Tony Bates, and Amy Zhang. 2006. “Improving Traffic Locality in BitTorrent via Biased Neighbor Selection.” Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2006), February 2006. http://crypto.stanford.edu/~cao/biased-bt.pdf.
Dutton, William H. and Malcolm Peltu. 2005. The Emerging Internet Governance Mosaic: Connecting the pieces. (Oxford Internet Institute, Forum Discussion Paper No.5) UK: University of Oxford, November 2005. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/publications/FD5.pdf
Eckersley, Peter, Fred von Lohmann, and Seth Schoen. 2007. “Packet Forgery By ISPs: A report on the Comcast affair.” Electronic Frontier Foundation, November 28, 2007. https://www.eff.org/wp/packet-forgery-isps-report-comcast-affair/. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Faris, Robert, Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Dalia Othman, and Yochai Benkler. 2015. “Score Another One for the Internet?: The role of the networked public sphere in the U.S. Net Neutrality Policy debate.” [Paper]. MA: Berkman, Harvard University, February 10. https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/2015_02_10_Score_Another_One_for_the_Internet_0.pdf.
Federal Communications Commission. 2015. “FCC Adopts Strong, Sustainable Rules to Protect the Open Internet.” Federal Communications Commission, February 26. https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-adopts-strong-sustainable-rules-protect-open-interne.t Accessed November 10, 2017.
Federal Communications Commission. 2017. “FCC Takes Action to Restore Internet Freedom.” Federal Communications Commission, December 14. https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-takes-action-restore-internet-freedom. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Felten, Edward W. 2006. “Nuts and Bolts of Network Neutrality.” Center for Information Technology Policy, Department of Computer Science, and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, July 6. http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos109/neutrality.pdf.
Maathuis, Ivo and Wim A. Smit. 2003. “The Battle between Standards: TCP/IP Vs OSI victory through path dependency or by quality?” The 3rd Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, Delft: IEEE, 161-176, December 19. doi: 10.1109/SIIT.2003.1251205. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Owen, Bruce M. 2007. “The Net Neutrality Debate: Twenty Five Years after United States v. AT&T and 120 Years after the Act to Regulate Commerce.” Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 336; AEI-Brookings Joint Center Working Paper, Vol. 7, No. 3. Accessed October 22, 2017. https://ssrn.com/abstract=963623.
Paris, Jehan-Francois and Purvi Shah. 2007. “Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming Using BitTorrent.” Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2007. IPCCC 2007 IEEE Internationa. New Orleans: IEEE. 340-347, May 15. doi: 10.1109/PCCC.2007.358912. Accessed October 22, 2017.
Rasmussen, Terje. 2007. “Techno-politics, Internet Governance and some Challenges Facing the Internet.” Oxford Internet Institute Research Report 15, October 2007, Oxford University. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/publications/RR15.pdf.
Verizon. 2015. “Verizon Completes Acquisition of AOL.”, June 23. http://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-completes-acquisition-aol. Accessed October 22, 2017.
Wu, Di, Prithula Dhungel, Xiaojun Hei, Chao Zhang, and Keith W. Ross. 2010. “Understanding Peer Exchange in BitTorrent Systems.” 2010 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P), Delft: IEEE, 1-8, September 13. doi: 10.1109/P2P.2010.5569967. Accessed October 22, 2017.
Wu, Tim. 2002. “A Proposal for Network Neutrality.” Accessed October 22, 2017. http://www.timwu.org/OriginalNNProposal.pdf.
โจวาน เคอร์บาลิจา. 2558. เปิดประตูสู่การอภิบาลอินเทอร์เน็ต. พิภพ อุดมอิทธิพงศ์, แปล. กรุงเทพมหานคร: มูลนิธิเพื่ออินเทอร์เน็ตและวัฒนธรรมพลเมือง.
เอกสารภาษาอังกฤษ
Berlin, Isaiah. 1969. Four Essays on Liberty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cave, Martin, and Pietro Crocioni. 2007. “Does Europe Need Network Neutrality Rules?” International Journal of Communication (1): 669-679.
Cisco Systems, Inc. 2003. CCNA 1 and 2 Companion Guide. (Cisco Networking Academic Program) (3rd Edition). Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press.
Croeser, Sky. 2015. Global Justice and the Politics of Information: The struggle over knowledge. Oxon: Routledge.
Crowder, George. 2014. “Neutrality and Liberal Pluralism.” In Political Neutrality: A re-evaluation, edited by Roberto Merrill and Daniel Weinstock, 125-143. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
DeNardis, Laura. 2014. The Global War for Internet Governance. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
Drissel, David. 2013. “Cyberspatial Transformations of Society: Applying Durkheimian and Weberian perspectives to the Internet.” The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 8(3): 81-96.
Foucault, Michel. 2007. Security, Territory, Population: lectures at the Collège de France, 1977-1978. edited by Michel Senellart and Arnold I. Davidson. Translated by Graham Burchell. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Givel, Michael S. and Stanton A. Glantz. 2001. “Tobacco Lobby Political Influence on US State Legislatures in the 1990s.” Tobacco Control 10(2): 124-134.
Graham, Gordon. 1999. The Internet: A philosophical inquiry. London: Routledge.
Gross, David A. and M. Ethan Lucarelli. 2011. “History and Evolution of the Network Neutrality Debate in the United States.” In Net Neutrality: Contributions to the debate. Jorge Pérez Martínez (coord.), 47-55. Madrid: Fundación Telefónica.
Hart, Jeffrey A. 2011. “The Net Neutrality Debate in the United States.” Journal of Information Technology & Politics 8(4): 418-443.
Heywood, Andrew. 2002. Politics (2nd Edition). Palgrave Foundations, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaul, Inge and Ronald U. Mendoza. 2003. “Advancing the Concept of Public Goods.” In Providing Global Public Goods: Managing globalization, edited by Inge Kaul. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kelty, Christopher. 2005. “Geeks, Social Imaginaries, and Recursive Publics.” Cultural Anthropology 20(2): 185-214.
Kymlicka, Will. 1989. “Liberal Individualism and Liberal Neutrality.” Ethics 99(4): 883-905.
Lenard, Thomas and David Scheffman. 2006. “Distribution, Vertical Integration and The Net Neutrality Debate.” In Net Neutrality or Net Neutering: Should broadband internet services be regulated?, edited by Thomas Lenard and Randolph, 1-24. New York: Springer.
Marcus, J. Scott. 2008. “Network Neutrality: The roots of the debate in the United States.” Intereconomics 43(1): 30-37.
Marmor, Andrei. 2015. “What Is the Right to Privacy?” Philosophy & Public Affairs 43(1): 3-26.
Marsden, Christopher T. 2007. “Net Neutrality and Consumer Access to Content.” Scripted 4(4): 407-435.
Marsden, Christopher T. 2010. Net Neutrality. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic.
Marsden, Christopher T. 2012. “Network Neutrality: History, Regulation and Future.” IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política (13): 91-108.
Mason, Andrew D. 1990. “Autonomy, Liberalism and State Neutrality.” The Philosophical Quarterly 40(161): 433-452.
McKelvey, Fenwick. 2010. “Ends and Ways: The Algorithmic Politics of Network Neutrality.” Global Media Journal: Canadian edition 3(1): 51-73.
Morrisson, Mark. 2005. “Nationalism and the Modern American Canon.” In The Cambridge Companion to American Modernism, edited by Walter Kalaidjian, 12-35. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Powell, Alison and Alissa Cooper. 2011. “Net Neutrality Discourses: Comparing Advocacy and Regulatory Arguments in the United States and the United Kingdom.” The Information Society 27(5): 311-325.
Rudisill, John P. 2000. “The Neutrality of the State and Its Justification in Rawls and Mill.” Auslegung: A journal of philosophy 23(2): 153-168.
Salamon, Lester M. and John J. Siegfried. 1977. “Economic Power and Political Influence: The Impact of Industry Structure on Public Policy.” The American Political Science Review 71(3): 1026-1043.
Saltzer, Jerome H., David P. Reed, and David D. Clark. 1984. “End-to-end arguments in system design.” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) 2(4): 277-288.
Slater, Don. 2002. “Social Relationships and Identity Online and Offline.” In Handbook of New Media: Social shaping and consequences of ICTs, edited by Sonia M. Livingstone and Leah A. Lievrouw, 533-546. London: Sage.
Smith, Courtney E. 2010. “Net Neutrality, Full Throttle: Regulation of Broadband Internet Service Following the Comcast/Bittorrent Dispute.” Santa Clara Law Review 50(2): 569-606.
Turilli, Matteo, Vaccaro Antonino, and Mariarosaria Taddeo. 2012. “Internet Neutrality: Ethical issues in the internet environment.” Philosophy & Technology 25(2): 133-151.
Wu, Tim. 2003. “Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination.” Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law 2(1): 141-176.
เอกสารออนไลน์
สำนักงานราชบัณฑิตยสภา. 2556. “อภิบาล.” 13 มกราคม. http://bit.ly/2s1XKje. สืบค้น
วันที่ 16 ธันวาคม 2560.
AT&T. 2011. “An Update for Our Smartphone Customers with Unlimited Data Plans.” July 29, 2011. http://soc.att.com/2EXnm6T. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Bindal, Ruchir, Pei Cao, William Chan, Jan Medval, George Suwala, Tony Bates, and Amy Zhang. 2006. “Improving Traffic Locality in BitTorrent via Biased Neighbor Selection.” Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2006), February 2006. http://crypto.stanford.edu/~cao/biased-bt.pdf.
Dutton, William H. and Malcolm Peltu. 2005. The Emerging Internet Governance Mosaic: Connecting the pieces. (Oxford Internet Institute, Forum Discussion Paper No.5) UK: University of Oxford, November 2005. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/publications/FD5.pdf
Eckersley, Peter, Fred von Lohmann, and Seth Schoen. 2007. “Packet Forgery By ISPs: A report on the Comcast affair.” Electronic Frontier Foundation, November 28, 2007. https://www.eff.org/wp/packet-forgery-isps-report-comcast-affair/. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Faris, Robert, Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Dalia Othman, and Yochai Benkler. 2015. “Score Another One for the Internet?: The role of the networked public sphere in the U.S. Net Neutrality Policy debate.” [Paper]. MA: Berkman, Harvard University, February 10. https://cyber.harvard.edu/sites/cyber.law.harvard.edu/files/2015_02_10_Score_Another_One_for_the_Internet_0.pdf.
Federal Communications Commission. 2015. “FCC Adopts Strong, Sustainable Rules to Protect the Open Internet.” Federal Communications Commission, February 26. https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-adopts-strong-sustainable-rules-protect-open-interne.t Accessed November 10, 2017.
Federal Communications Commission. 2017. “FCC Takes Action to Restore Internet Freedom.” Federal Communications Commission, December 14. https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-takes-action-restore-internet-freedom. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Felten, Edward W. 2006. “Nuts and Bolts of Network Neutrality.” Center for Information Technology Policy, Department of Computer Science, and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, July 6. http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos109/neutrality.pdf.
Maathuis, Ivo and Wim A. Smit. 2003. “The Battle between Standards: TCP/IP Vs OSI victory through path dependency or by quality?” The 3rd Conference on Standardization and Innovation in Information Technology, Delft: IEEE, 161-176, December 19. doi: 10.1109/SIIT.2003.1251205. Accessed November 10, 2017.
Owen, Bruce M. 2007. “The Net Neutrality Debate: Twenty Five Years after United States v. AT&T and 120 Years after the Act to Regulate Commerce.” Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 336; AEI-Brookings Joint Center Working Paper, Vol. 7, No. 3. Accessed October 22, 2017. https://ssrn.com/abstract=963623.
Paris, Jehan-Francois and Purvi Shah. 2007. “Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming Using BitTorrent.” Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, 2007. IPCCC 2007 IEEE Internationa. New Orleans: IEEE. 340-347, May 15. doi: 10.1109/PCCC.2007.358912. Accessed October 22, 2017.
Rasmussen, Terje. 2007. “Techno-politics, Internet Governance and some Challenges Facing the Internet.” Oxford Internet Institute Research Report 15, October 2007, Oxford University. https://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/archive/downloads/publications/RR15.pdf.
Verizon. 2015. “Verizon Completes Acquisition of AOL.”, June 23. http://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-completes-acquisition-aol. Accessed October 22, 2017.
Wu, Di, Prithula Dhungel, Xiaojun Hei, Chao Zhang, and Keith W. Ross. 2010. “Understanding Peer Exchange in BitTorrent Systems.” 2010 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P), Delft: IEEE, 1-8, September 13. doi: 10.1109/P2P.2010.5569967. Accessed October 22, 2017.
Wu, Tim. 2002. “A Proposal for Network Neutrality.” Accessed October 22, 2017. http://www.timwu.org/OriginalNNProposal.pdf.
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2017-12-29
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