Impact of changing of swidden-based farming to rubber-based farming on socio-economic performance in Luang Namtha province, Lao PDR
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Published:
Aug 20, 2020
Keywords:
Agriculture Extension rubber-base farming Swidden based farming socio-economic performance
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Abstract
This study was designed to describe the context of selected villages and farming types, as well as comparison of socio-economic performance at the household level on farming practices that include swidden-based farming alone (SBF), rubber-based farming alone (RBF) and both swidden and rubber-based farming (SRBF) in Luang Namtha province. Data collection was conducted in-depth interview from key informants, focus group discussion and face to face household (HH) interviews with the total 195 households. The results revealed that the highest net income of the household was found in RBF 1,890 US$/HH/year, secondly was SRBF 1,788 US$/HH/year. The better solidarity was found in SBF and SRBF due to HH still help each other by sharing the labor in swidden rice farming while RBF depends on hired labor only. When some household suffered in rice shortage, HHs in SBF and SRBF still share the rice but RBF need to borrow or loan cash for buying rice.
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Research articles
References
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2. Souvanthong P. Shifting Cultivation in Lao PDR: An overview of land use and policy initiatives: Iied; 1995.
3. Takai Y, Sibounheuang T. Conflict between water buffalo and market-oriented agriculture: A case study from Northern Laos. 2010.
4. Lao's National Strategy Team. Agricultural commercialization–A strategic direction for farm families to overcome poverty in Lao PDR. Lao PDR National Strategy Team. 2005.
5. Manivong V. The economic potential for smallholder rubber production in Northern Laos. University of Queensland Brisbane (Master's thesis). 2007.
6. Lu J. Tapping into the rubber market: Opium replacement and the role of rubber in developing Laos. BRICS Initiatives for Critical Agrarian Studies (BICAS). 2015.
7. Fox J, Castella J-C. Expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Mainland Southeast Asia: What are the prospects for smallholders? Journal of Peasant Studies. 2013;40(1):155-70.
8. Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office. Annual report 2017 and Plan 2018. Luang Namtha Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office, Lao PDR (in Laos). 2017.
9. Hicks C, Voladeth S, Shi W, Guifeng Z, Lei S, Tu PQ, et al. Rubber investments and market linkages in Lao PDR: approaches for sustainability. Sustainable Mekong Research Network, Bangkok. 2009.
10. Southavilay B. Pro-poor policy analysis on rubber production for smallholder livelihoods in Lao PDR. Pro-Poor Policy Project, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute. 2016.
11. Shi W. Rubber boom in Luang Namtha: Seven years later. Field Notes. 2015.
12. Fullbrook D. Development in the Lao PDR: the food security paradox. Working Paper No1 Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. 2009.
13. Yamane T. Statistics: An introductory analysis, 2nd Ed. New York: Harper and Row. 1973.
14. Rerkasem K, Rambo AT. Agroecosystem research for rural development. Chiang Mai (Thailand): Multiple Cropping Center, Chiang Mai University, and the Southeast Asian Universities Agroecosystem Network (SUAN). 1988.
15. Marten GG. Productivity, stability, sustainability, equitability and autonomy as properties for agroecosystem assessment. Agricultural systems. 1988;26(4):291-316.
16. Schipani S. Impact: the effects of tourism on culture and the environment in Asia and the Pacific: alleviating poverty and protecting cultural and natural heritage through community-based eco-tourim in Luang Namtha, Lao PDR: UNESCO Bangkok, Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education; 2008.
17. Alton C, Bluhm D, Sananikone S. Para rubber study. Lao - German Program Rural Development in Mountainous Areas of Northern Lao PDR. 2005.
18. Fox J, Fujita Y, Ngidang D, Peluso N, Potter L, Sakuntaladewi N, et al. Policies, Political-Economy, and Swidden in Southeast Asia. Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal. 2009;37(3):305-22.
19. Shi W. Rubber boom in Luang Namtha. A Transnational Perspective GTZ RDMA. 2008.
20. Phanvilay K, Thongmanivong S, Fujita Y, Fox J, editors. Agrarian land use transformation in upland areas of northern Laos. SSLWM workshop; 2006.
21. Liu X, Jiang L, Feng Z, Li P. Rubber plantation expansion related land use change along the Laos-China border region. Sustainability. 2016;8(10):1011.
22. Pathumphone S, Sanitchon J, Polthanee A, Promkhambut A. Food diversity of three ethnic groups: A case study from Xieng Khuang province, Northern Lao PDR. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology. 2016;21(1):12-25.
23. Vongvisouk T, Dwyer M. After the boom: Responding to falling rubber prices in Northern Laos. 2017.
24. Sodarak H. Shifting cultivation practices by Hmong, Khamu and Lao ethnic categories in the Nam Nane watershed, Nane district, Luang Prabang province, Lao PDR. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Master’s thesis). 1999.
25. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Agriculture development strategy 2025 and vision to 2030. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao PDR. 2015.
26. Manivong V. The economic potential for smallholder rubber production in Northern Laos: University of Queensland Brisbane; 2007.
27. Goswami S, Challa O. Economic analysis of smallholder rubber plantations in West Garo Hills District of Meghalaya. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 2007;62(902-2016-66777).
28. Manivong V, Cramb RA. Economics of smallholder rubber expansion in Northern Laos. Agroforestry Systems. 2008;74(2):113-25.
29. Chazee L. Shifting cultivation practices in Laos. Shifting Cultivation Systems and Rural Development in the Lao PDR. 1993.
30. Simaraks S, Supateera S, Samart M, editors. Changes in system properties of Ban Hin Lad a village agroecosystem in northeastern Thailand. 8 Conference on National Farming System Seminar, Chiang Mai (Thailand), 20-22 Mar 1991; 1991.
31. Cramb RA, Colfer CJP, Dressler W, Laungaramsri P, Le QT, Mulyoutami E, et al. Swidden transformations and rural livelihoods in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology. 2009;37(3):323-46.