Causative connectors in the southern Thai dialect
Historical perspective
Keywords:
Causative connectors, Southern Thai dialect, Language changeAbstract
This article aims to study causative connectors in southern Thai dialect from Ayutthaya period right up until the present. In each period what are some connectors? How did each causative connectors change their function? The data was collected from the southern Thai books and other books from Ayutthaya period right up until the present.
The finding suggest that the causative connectors in southern Thai dialect can be classified into three functions: (1) reason connectors, such as /duaj3/, /phrɔ?7/, /phrɔ?7-wa:6/, /kap3/, /nɯaŋ6-ca:k4/, /bə?3/, /bə:3/, /ka3-bə?3/, /cha:5-thɯŋ1/ and /khɔ:ŋ1/ (2) conditional connectors, such as /tha:1/, /tha:1-lɛː5/, /lɛː5-tha:1/, /tha:1-mɛːn5/, /tha:1-lɛ?7/, /khran5/, /khan5/ and /khan5-tha:1/ (3) purposive connectors are /sam1-rap1/ and /phɯa5/. When considering changes, it is found that causative connectors in southern Thai dialect from Ayutthaya period right up until the present have 2 types of change: (1) a change in number; i.e. (1.1) increase in number (1.2) decrease in number and (1.3) the persistence of number. (2) a change in functions; i.e. appearance of certain causative function, disappearance of causative function and persistence of causative function.
Causative connectors in southern Thai dialect are also interesting in that some causative connectors are used only in southern Thai dialect such as /bə?3/, /bə:3/, /ka3-bə?3/, /chaː5-thɯŋ1/, /khɔ:ŋ1/, /khran5/, /khan5/ and /khan5-tha:1/. The important linguistic mechanisms that motivate the extension of causative connectors are metaphor and metonymy.
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