Narrative Reliefs of Gandavyuha Sutra at Borobudur: A Case Study of Sudhana's Pursuit of Enlightenment Based on Mahayana Buddhism
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Abstract
The aim of this article was to analyze Sudhana Kumar's pursuit of enlightenment in the Gandavyuha Sutra, which serves as the concluding chapter of the Avatamsaka Sutra, a significant scripture of the Hua Yian sect. It also aims to elucidate the philosophical concepts of the Gandavyuhasutra that have had a profound impact on sculpture, particularly at the Borobudur Great Stupa in central Java, Indonesia. Through the examination of concepts and theories, as well as a literature review, it was revealed that the Gandavyuha Sutra embodies the essence of Moksadharma, a crucial Buddhist philosophy within the Mahayana tradition of Hua Yian. Additionally, the study highlights that the Gandavyuha Sutra is among the major Mahayana Buddhist scriptures, featuring the largest number of bas-reliefs and occupying a position on the image balcony of Borobudur. Written in Sanskrit-Devanagari script, the scripture contains intricate Dharma teachings that defy simple explanation. Therefore, the article aims to elucidate the meaning and significance of pursuing Moksadharma based on the philosophical tenets of Hua Yian Buddhism, which have influenced the design and layout of Borobudur, thus enabling Buddhists and enthusiasts of Buddhism to implement and delve deeper into its teachings.
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