The Evolution of the Rights and Freedoms in the 5th Era: The Personal Rights and Freedoms

Abstract

Rights and freedoms have evolved over time which can be distinguished into four periods, from the right and freedom of belief to economic, democratic and social rights and freedoms. The changes of rights taking place in each period were driven by a changing world and societies. Likewise, the transition from the fourth era to the fifth era has been driven by the following factors: (1) technological change, especially digital system (2) new generation lifestyle and (3) outbreaks of emerging diseases. Privacy is claimed to be the right and freedom most affected by the abovementioned factors. Therefore, it is crucial to consider duties of states owed to their citizens’ rights and freedoms in order to have a better understanding of rights and freedoms in the fifth era. An individual’s duties that have changed significantly in the new era. Rights and freedoms in the new era can be described as multi-relationships of states, individuals and societies which require specific duties owed by individuals to other individuals and duties owed by individuals to societies. It can be argued that duties owed by individuals to other individuals and duties owed by individuals to societies has become a key component of the fifth era. This is a huge change of rights and freedoms in the new era.