HAEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE IN FISH AS AN EFFECTIVE AND SENSITIVE INDEX IN AQUATIC POLLUTION
Keywords:
Biomarkers, River Pollution, Haematological Parameters, MystusTengaraAbstract
The present investigation assessed toxic effects of aquatic pollution on fish collected from the contaminated station of Chambal River. Both water and fish (Mystus tengara) samples were collected from upstream and downstream of Chambal River at Nagda, Ujjain (M.P. India). Water quality parameters of the water were assessed and fish were used to study the various blood parameters. The changes in haemoglobin concentration, red blood cells, and white blood cell count were studied. The secondary blood indices were also calculated. Compared to the reference site, the fish from the downstream shown decreased numbers of RBC, Hb and Hct. However the values of WBC count, and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) increased significantly. The Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) values were significantly reduced. These outcomes advocate that fish from the polluted station revealed alterations in haematological responses, which possibly point out the health disturbances. Additionally, the results suggest that blood parameters are useful, tools in the monitoring of aquatic pollution. These biomarkers show that fish have macrocytic hypochromic anaemia. Leucocytosis showed general defence response against the pollution-induced toxicity. In conclusion, the results acquired from the current study shown that the fish M.tengara at downstream was exposed to pollution-induced stress that caused a significant reduction in Hb, RBC and Hct values but increased the clotting time, ESR and WBC values. Water from the downstream has strong potential to induce stress making the fish anaemic, weak, and vulnerable to diseases.
References
Reddy, P.B. and Baghel, B.S., Impact of Industrial waste water on the Chambal River and Biomarker responses in fish due to pollution at Nagda. MP India. DAV Int. J. Sci, 1(1), (2012): pp.86-91.
Srivastava, B. and Reddy, P.B. (2017). Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage as biomarkers of pollution induced oxidative stress (OS) in fish. Life Sci. Int. Res. Jrnl: 4 (1): (2017):194-198.
Reddy, P.B. and Singh, R.K. (2011). Biomarker responses in fish exposed to industrial effluent. In ‘International Conference on Green technology and environmental Conservation (GTEC-2011): (2011): 191-204).IEEE.
Walker, C.H., Sibly, R.M., Hopkin, S.P. and Peakall, D.B., 2005. Principles of ecotoxicology.CRC press.
Reddy, P.B. and Rawat, S.S. Assessment of aquatic pollution using histopathology in fish as a protocol. Int. Res. Jrnl. Env. Sci, 2:(8) (2013): 79-82.
Reddy, P.B., Study of pollution induced oxidative stress in a catfish (Mystus tengara), Eur. Jrnl. Biomed. Pharma. Sci. 3. (12): (2016): 595-600.
Blaxhall, P.C., The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish: a review of selected literature. Journal of fish biology, 4(4), (1972): pp.593-604.
Reddy, P.B., Evaluation of potential biomarkers for effluent induced hepatotoxicity. Int. Jrnl. Appl. Bio.Eng.6 :(2) (2012): 22-27.
Meraj, M., Nizam, M., Wani, S., Maqbool, F., Ali, M.N., Ganai, B.A. and Bhat, F.A., Alteration in Hematology of Cyprinuscarpio Under The Stress of Pollution of Water Bodies of Kashmir
Valley. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, (2017): pp.176-179.
Walia, G.K., Handa, D., Kaur, H. and Kalotra, R., Erythrocyte abnormalities in a freshwater fish, Labeorohita exposed to tannery industry effluent. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Science, 3, (2013): pp.287-295.
Elahee, K.B. and Bhagwant, S., 2007. Hematological and gill histopathological parameters of three tropical fish species from a polluted lagoon on the west coast of Mauritius. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 68(3), (2007): pp.361-371.
Reddy, P.B. and Tiwari, R.K., 2010.Assessment of Water Quality Using Haematological indices as Biomarkers. Ecosystems, 2, (2010): p.3.
Reddy, P.B. Archana Kushwah, Shehla Ishaque and Baghel, B.S., 2010. Biochemical and hematological studies on effect of textile Industry effluent in Muscus albinus. In Proc. ICEM (Vol.10, No. 2, (2010): pp. 713-719.
American Public Health Association, A. P. H. A. "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater." (1998).
Wintrobe, M.M., Wintrobe's clinical hematology (Vol. 1).Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2008).
Sood, R. Haematology for students and practioners, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi. (1996).
Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M., Practical haematology (Vol. 609).Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.(1975).
CPCB, Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi,, Water quality criteria and goals. Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, series MINARS/7/2001–2002, (2002).
Kumar Maurya, P., Malik, D.S., Kumar Yadav, K., Gupta, N. and Kumar, S., Haematological and histological changes in fish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to pesticides from industrial waste water. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, (2019); pp.1-28.
Roche, H. and Bogé, G., Fish blood parameters as a potential tool for identification of stress caused by environmental factors and chemical intoxication. Marine environmental research, 41(1), (1996): pp.27-43.
De Almeida‐Val, V.M.F., Gomes, A.R.C. and Lopes, N.P., 2005.Metabolic and physiological adjustments to low oxygen and high temperature in fishes of the Amazon. Fish physiology, 21, (2005): pp.443-500.
Reddy, P.B., Productivity of Chambal River in Relation to Water Quality. World J. Pharmacy Pharmaceut. Volume 6, Issue 7, (2017): 1466-1475.
Bujjamma, P, and Padmavathi, Effect of cadmium on Haematological changes in a freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, International Journal of Zoology Studies, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (2018), Page No. 132-141
Kumar Maurya, P., Malik, D.S., Kumar Yadav, K., Gupta, N. and Kumar, S., Haematological and histological changes in fish Heteropneustesfossilis exposed to pesticides from industrial waste water. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, (2019): pp.1-28.
Pandey, K.B. and Rizvi, S.I., Biomarkers of oxidative stress in red blood cells. Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of Palacky University in Olomouc, (2011), 155(2).
Mohanty, J., Nagababu, E. and Rifkind, J.M., 2014. Red blood cell oxidative stress impairs oxygen delivery and induces red blood cell aging. Frontiers in physiology, 5, (2004): p.84.
Narra, M.R., Rajender, K., Reddy, R.R., Murty, U.S. and Begum, G., Insecticides induced stress response and recuperation in fish: Biomarkers in blood and tissues related to oxidative damage. Chemosphere, 168, (2017): pp.350-357.
Lavanya, S., Ramesh, M., Kavitha, C. and Malarvizhi, A., Hematological, biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of Indian major carp Catlacatla during chronic sublethal exposure to inorganic arsenic. Chemosphere, 82(7),(2011): pp.977-985.
Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chatterjee, A., Mahapatra, C.T. and Ayyappan, S., 2004. Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 58(2),(2004): pp.220-226.
Saravanan, M., Kumar, K.P. and Ramesh, M., Haematological and biochemical responses of freshwater teleost fish Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) during acute and chronic sublethal exposure to lindane. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 100(3), (2011): pp.206-211.
Chen, X., Yin, D., Hu, S. and Hou, Y., Immunotoxicity of pentachlorophenol on macrophage immunity and IgM secretion of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 73(1), (2004): pp.153-160.
Singh, B.P. and Tandon, P.K., 2009. Effect of river water pollution on hematological parameters of fish, Wallagoattu. Res Environ Life Sci, 2(4), (2009): pp.211-214.
Singh, D., Nath, K., Trivedi, S.P. and Sharma, Y.K., Impact of copper on haematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. Journal of Environmental biology, 29(2), (2009): pp.253.
Zutshi, B., Prasad, S.R. and Nagaraja, R., 2010. Alteration in hematology of Labeorohita under stress of pollution from Lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 168(1-4), (2010): pp.11-19.
Parveen, S., Singh, D., Bharose, R., Rout, S., Khan, M.A. and Ansari, E.F., Tannery effluent effect on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(1), (2017): pp.201-205.
