Architectural Forms of Wihans in Muang Yawng, Shan State, Myanmar
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Muang Yawng (Yawng town) is a Tai cultural area located in Eastern Shan State, Union of Myanmar. A fusion of Tai culture characterizes Tai architecture in Muang Yawng, including Wihan (assembly hall) and other religious buildings; however, Muang Yawng has long been a fragile area caused by wars in the Union of Myanmar. Little has been studied regarding Tai vernacular architecture in Muang Yawng and even less so about the Wihans. The architecture of Wihans is essential and worthwhile to study, especially in the main settlements of the Tai, namely Muang Yawng and secondary settlements in northern Thailand, where many Tai immigrants have resided. This article explores the architectural style of the Tai Wihans in Muang Yawng, Shan State, Myanmar. The study uses qualitative research methods with a broader field survey to overview settlements and fundamental forms of vernacular architecture in the study area. Then four Wihans in monastic compounds built more than 20 years ago were selected as case studies. Architectural data of Wihans, including floor plans, usage and decorative elements, was collected, analyzed and compared to discuss the unique characteristics of the Tai Wihans in Muang Yawng. Finally, the synthesis of the Wihans' architectural styles can be used as a guideline for the conservation of Tai Wihans in the future.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Boonchuay Srisawat. Thai sip sō̜ng pan nā lem sō̜ng [Thai Xishuangbanna vol. 2]. 3rd ed. Bangkok: Siam Publishing House, 2014.
Chao Petch Na Muang Yawng. “prawat yō̜ mư̄ang yō̜ng burī rư̄ khwǣn mahi yang kha rat burī [A brief history of Yawng Buri or Mahiyang Ka tate Buri Province].” 2004 (typewriter).
Khaorop Phinitnam. Mư̄ang yō̜ng "withī khon yō̜ng læ khwām prǣ plīan [Yawng city, way of life and change]. Proceedings for academic seminar on the 200th anniversary of the Yawng settlement in Lamphun and Lanna: “Inheriting the wisdom and culture of Yawng”: Roots of movement and change, Chiang Mai University, September 11-12, 2003.
Kobyote Yimon.“Kānsưksā wihān thai lư̄ nai watthanatham lānnā (čhangwat Phayao læ čhangwat Nān) [The study of Tai Lue Vihara in Lanna (Phayao and Nan Provinces)].” Master Thesis, Silpakorn University, 2009.
Prasong Sang-ngam and Surasawasdi Sooksawasdi. “Phonlawat khō̜ng sathāpattayakam wat thai khưn mư̄ang chīang tung rat chān sāthāranarat hǣng sahaphāp mīanmā nai bō̜ribot krasǣ lōkāphiwat [Evolution of Tai Khuen Buddhist architecture in Kengtung, Shan State, Republic of the Union of Myanmar, in the context of globalization].” Najua: Architecture, Design and Built Environment Faculty of Architecture Silpakorn University, no. 30 (January-December 2016): 120-121.
Sawaeng Malasam. khonyō̜ng yāi phǣndin: kān khlư̄anyāi læ kāntang thinthān khō̜ng khonyō̜ng nai mư̄ang lamphūn (Phō̜.Sō̜. 2348-2445) [Yawng people migration: The migrating and settlement of the Yawng in Lamphun (1805–1902 A.D.)]. 3rd ed. Chiang Mai: Wanida Printing, 2017.
Sirodom Sueakhai. “kānsưksā prīapthīap phatthanākān khō̜ng wihān thai lư̄ rawāng kō̜ranī sưksā nai mư̄angnān prathēt Thai kap kō̜ranī sưksā nai khwǣn sipsō̜ngpannā monthon yūnnān sāthāranarat prachāchončhīn [The comparative study of development of Dai-Lue Vihara in Nan, Thailand and Xixuangbanna, Yunnan, China].” Art and Architecture Journal, Naresuan University 6, 1 (JanuaryJune 2015): 1-13.
Suebpong Chansuebsri. “samrūat chumchon tailư̄ bān kō̜ khō̜i mư̄ang yō̜ng læ mư̄ang dō̜nčhai mư̄ang sing phūmpanyā hatthanākān læ khwāmsamphan tailư̄ yāi thin sō̜ng fang khōng [Explore Tai Lue communities, Ban Kor Khoi, Muang Yawng and Don Chai, Muang Sing, wisdom, development and relationships].” In National and International Conference on Research and Design in Architecture and Related Fields, 67-88. Bangkok: Faculty of Architecture, Silpakorn University, 2016.
Suebsak Sanyakiatikun. Sinlapa chīang tung Chiang Tung art]. Chiang Mai: Jaroenprint Express, 2017.
Tavee Sawangpanyangokun. tamnān mư̄ang yō̜ng-pariwat čhāk ʻaksō̜n thailư̄ [The legend of Yawng-Pariwat from Tai Lue characters]. Chiang Mai: Sapkanphim Publishing, 1984.
Wakul Mitphraphan. “wannakam læ phithīkam bō̜k tūa ton khon phlat thin khō̜ng chāo thailư̄ mư̄ang yō̜ng mūbān romphōthō̜ng tambon thākō̜ʻamphœ̄ mǣsarūai čhangwat chīang rāI [Literatures and rituals expressing ethnic identities of the diasporic group of Tai Lue from Muang Yawng in Ban Rom Pho Thong, Tambon Tha Ko, Amphoe Mae Suay, Changwat Chiang Rai].” Ph.D. Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, 2016.
Wasan Panyakaeo. lư̄ khām dǣn: kāndœ̄nthāng khō̜ng khon num sāo chāo lư̄ mư̄ang yō̜ng rat chān prathēt Phamā [Cross-border Lu: The journey of Lue young people in Yawng Town, Shan State, Myanmar]. Chiang Mai: Centre for Research and Academic Services Faculty of Social Sciences Chiang Mai University, 2012.
Zhu Liangwen. chon chāt tai sathāpattayakam la khanopthamnīam praphēnī tai nai sip sō̜ng phan nā [Dai people, architecture and traditions of Dai in Xishuangbanna.]. Translated from The Dai or the Tai and their architecture and customs in South China. Translated by Ngamphun Vejjajiva. Chiang Mai: Suriwong Book Centre, 1994.