The Architecture of Khum Chao Nai, the House of the City Governor, in Phrae Province

Abstract

The architectural study of Khum Chao Nai, the House of the City Governor in Phrae Province, delves into the distinctive characteristics prevalent during the reigns of King Rama V through King Rama VII. This research encompasses eight case studies: Khum Chao Luang, Khum Wong Buri, Khum Wichai Racha, Khum Chao Nan Chaiwong, Khum Wong Phra Thang, Ban Khattiyawara, Ban Luang Sri Nakaranukun, and Luang Sri Nakaranukun’s Residence. These structures, influenced by Western architectural concepts and construction techniques, as well as Chinese stick-style elements, showcase a harmonious integration with the local Lanna culture. The study employs a comprehensive methodology involving field surveys, literature reviews, research, and archive examinations. The objective is to analyze Khum architecture, comparing and contrasting its characteristics with other structures in the northern region during the same historical period.

The research further extends to comparing Khum architecture in Phrae Province with the residences of Chao Nai and the affluent in Bangkok from the same era. Emphasizing field research, the study seeks to uncover the origins and characteristics of Khum architecture in Phrae Province. The Stick Style architecture in Phrae Province is classified into three categories: Stick Style Wallbearing Structure, Stick Style Wooden Structure with Fretwork-Decorated Gable, and Late Stick Style Wooden Structure. The evolution of late wooden structures draws inspiration from ancient houses in Phayao Province. Additionally, the ornamental fretwork on late Stick Style wooden structures is categorized into Floral pattern fretwork, Floral patterns combined with zodiac animal fretwork, Auspicious Chinese fretwork, and Geometric fretwork. 

The Khum architecture in Phrae Province during the Rattanakosin Era, when Phrae was under central administration (Bangkok), holds significance in political, administrative, economic, and societal contexts. This architectural style, blending Western influences with Lanna culture, symbolizes the transformative period in Phrae Province, particularly the widespread adoption of the Stick Style. Materials, building techniques, plans, and fretwork details on gables and eaves serve as indicators, demonstrating a brilliant fusion of Lanna’s wooden architecture with Western design.