Historic Prison - Wiang Kaeo Palace, Overlapping Cultural Heritage of Two Eras
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Abstract
The Wiang Kaeo Khuang Luang Development Project in Chiang Mai Province encompasses the historic prison and Wiang Kaeo Palace, exhibiting a complex interplay of positive and negative historical significance within the same locale. Initially serving as a revered landmark within the sacred city, Wiang Kaeo Palace transformed into a prison during the transition from Lanna to Siam, thereby acquiring divergent connotations in local Lanna beliefs. Consequently, a contentious debate has arisen regarding the complete demolition and relocation of the historic prison to restore the cultural value of Wiang Kaeo Palace to the local community.Conversely, the prison has garnered positive appraisal as a national heritage site symbolizing judicial history, resulting in its designation as a historic monument—a designation that remains firmly entrenched in history.
Employing the People-Centered Approach within contemporary conservation theory, this study scrutinizes and dissects the cultural heritage of both the historic prison and Wiang Kaeo Palace. Through literature reviews, participatory observation, and content analysis, the research delves into four key issues: 1) ascribing value and significance to social, cultural, historical, and archaeological dimensions; 2) interpretation; 3) utilization; and 4) participation. Despite embodying both positive and negative values and meanings, the historic prison suffers from a shortage of positive social, cultural, and communal significance. Nevertheless, a discernible trend exists towards collaborative progress in integration and development. Nonetheless, a desire persists to dismantle the prison and apprehensions regarding its preservation and portrayal as a monument. Positive engagement entails preserving the prison in tandem with Wiang Kaeo Palace. Reverence for local communities and the fostering of their active involvement emerge as pivotal elements in conservation efforts and people-centered development, thereby nurturing the well-being of both heritage sites and communities.
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