Mega-Constellation: State of Affairs, Opportunities, and Impacts

Main Article Content

Asst. Prof. Thawatchai Jittrapanun, Ph.D.
Arnon Saengarunwong

Abstract

With the rapid development of related technologies and the explosion in global demand for connection, Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) mega-constellation industry is on the verge to overcome the cost and time consumption which was its Achilles’ heels in the past, the business is feasible now. Twenty to thirty thousand of LEO satellites are scheduled to be launched within this decade alone. Those mega-constellation plans give Thailand an opportunity to improve our digital infrastructure, especially efficiently and greatly in remote and previously inaccessible areas. However, the race of mega-constellation deployment of a few globally dominant firms from a couple of large economies could pose great economic and political risks as well as challenges to local oligopoly market characteristics. This article aims to provide an overview of the past, present, and future of the mega-constellation industry. The article also seeks to sketch how its progress could benefit Thailand’s digital infrastructure development and the risks that might lurk in the near future. In addition, an analysis of mega-constellations LEO’s progress trajectory addresses key issues for promoting a competitive LEO market and national security concerns.

Article Details

How to Cite
Asst. Prof. Thawatchai Jittrapanun, Ph.D., & Arnon Saengarunwong. (2021). Mega-Constellation: State of Affairs, Opportunities, and Impacts. NBTC Journal, 5(5), 35–55. Retrieved from https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NBTC_Journal/article/view/255539
Section
Special article

References

สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกิจการกระจายเสียง กิจการโทรทัศน์และกิจการโทรคมนาคม (กสทช.). (2021). รายงานผลการสำรวจข้อมูลอินเทอร์เน็ตในประเทศไทย (รายงานประจำเดือน กรกฎาคม 2564). NBTC Internet Statistics Report in Thailand. http:// webstats.nbtc.go.th/netnbtc/HOME.php

Butash, T., Garland, P., & Evans, B. (2021). Non-geostationary satellite orbit communications satellite constellations history. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking, 39, 1-5.

Chrisholm, P. (2003). Buying Time: Disconnects in Satcom Procurement. Military Information Technology. Vol. 7, Issue 9.

CNBC. (2021). OneWeb CEO: Here’s why our product is different than Elon Musk’s SpaceX Starlink. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/25/onewebs-different-approach-to-satellite-internet-vs-elon-musks-spacex-starlink.html

Consumer Action. (2002). Long Distance Telephone Rates Survey. https://www.consumer-action.org/news/articles/2002_long_distance_telephone_rates_survey

European Commission. (2021). Broadband: Technology comparison. https://digital-strategy.europa.eu/en/policies/broadband-technology-comparison

Federal Communications Commission. (2020). FCC Selected Application Filing & Reporting System - Search File Number = SATMPL2020052600062. https://www.fcc.gov/licensing-database/search-fcc-databases

Galaxy Space. (2020). Galaxy Space. http://www.yinhe.ht/solutionEn.html

Gardi, J., & Ross, J. (2016). The Future of Space Launch is Here! An illustrated guide to SpaceX’s launch vehicle reusability plans. justatinker. http://justatinker.com/Future/

Globalstar. (2021). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalstar

International Telecommunication Union. (2020a). e-Submission of Satellite Network Filings (Reference number: CHN2020-33636 & CHN2020-33634). https://www.itu.int/ITU-R/space/asreceived/Publication/AsReceived

International Telecommunication Union. (2020b). The Last-mile Internet Connectivity Solutions Guide. ITU Publications. pp. 1-137.

Iridium Museum. (2021). History of Iridium. https://www.iridiummuseum.com/timeline/

Jancer, M., & Van Camp, J. (2021). What’s the Best Unlimited Data Plan?. WIRED. https://www.wired.com/story/best-unlimited-data-plans/

Krebs, G. (2019). Orbcomm FM1-FM43. Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/orbcomm.htm

Mazareanu, E. (2020). Number of satellites launched by year 1957-2019. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/896699/number-of-satellites-launched-by-year/

Musk, E. (2021, June 29). Keynote 5: Elon Musk [Conference Session]. Mobile World Congress 2021, Barcelona, Spain. https://youtu.be/RcnVTgrgThE

Nasa Spaceflight. (2019). SpaceX and Cape Canaveral Return to Action with First Operational Starlink Mission. https://nasaspaceflight.com/2019/11/spacex-cape-return-first-operational-starlink-mission

Pachler, N., Del Portillo, I., Crawley, E. F., & Cameron, B. G. (2021). An Updated Comparison of Four Low Earth Orbit Satellite Constellation Systems to Provide Global Broadband. 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (pp. 1-7). IEEE.

Reusable launch system. (2021). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reusable_launch_system

Schulze, M., & Voelsen, D. (2020). Digital Spheres of Influence. Strategic Rivalry between United States and China. Causes, Trajectories, and Implications for Europe. pp. 30-34.

Starlink. (2021). Starlink. https://www.starlink.com

Telesat. (2020). Real-Time Latency: Rethinking Remote Networks. https://www.telesat.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Real-Time-Latency_HW.pdf

Telesat, (2021). Telesat to receive $1.44 billion though Government of Canada investment, a major milestone towards completing the financing of Telesat Lightspeed. https://www.telesat.com/press/press-releases/telesat-to-receive-1-44-billion-through-government-of-canada-investment-a-major-milestone-towards-completing-the-financing-of-telesat-lightspeed/

The Wall Street Journal. (2001). Fresh From $5 Billion Bankruptcy, Iridium Plans to Relaunch Its Mobile-Phone Service. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB985758967784570148

United Nations. (2020). Education During COVID-19 and beyond. UN Executive Office of the Secretary-General (EOSG) Policy Briefs and Papers. pp. 1-26.

United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. (n.d.). Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. https://treaties.unoda.org/t/outer_space

Venkatesan, A., Lowenthal, J., Prem, P., & Vidaurri, M. (2020). The impact of satellite constellations on space as an ancestral global commons. Nature Astronomy, 4, 1043-1048.

Voelsen, D. (2021). Internet from Space: How New Satellite Connections Could Affect Global Internet Governance. SWP Research Paper, 3, 1-31.