Quantification and Seasonal Characterization of Solid Waste at Sukorn Island, Andaman Sea, Southern of Thailand

Authors

  • Kannika Ruangdej Chaosuansreecharoen Sirindhron College of Public Health, Trang
  • Ancharee Pongkaset Sirindhron College of Public Health, Trang
  • Thanapanan Akharawirawat Sirindhron College of Public Health, Trang
  • Saowalak Kongsanit Sirindhron College of Public Health, Trang
  • Wittaya Hlupo Sirindhron College of Public Health, Trang
  • Paiboon Chaosuansreecharoen Sirindhron College of Public Health, Trang

Keywords:

Quantification, Seasonal, Characterization, Solid Waste, Marine Waste

Abstract

This study investigates the quantification and seasonal patterns of solid waste at Koh Sukorn beaches, Trang Province. Solid waste was sampled in a 10x10 meter area, with each piece collected within 100 square meters. Waste was categorized into general, recyclable, and hazardous types. Data from rainy (May 25, 2022) and dry (November 29, 2022) seasons were analyzed using Student’s t-test. Average solid waste during rainy and dry seasons was 0.43 kg/m2 and 0.22 kg/m2, respectively. Rainy season waste (Mean = 0.43, SD = 0.33) significantly exceeded dry season waste (Mean = 0.22, SD = 0.16) at p < 0.02. Highest waste quantities were at Haad Lo Yai and Haad Sai Yao. Recyclable waste, mainly plastic products like fishing gear, bottles, and bags, was prominent. During monsoon seasons, waste washed into the sea often returns to Sukron beaches, particularly the Andaman Coastal Region. This underscores the persistent issue of plastic pollution in Thailand's marine environment. Strengthening law enforcement against fishing gear dumping and raising international awareness are recommended.

References

Alabdrab, W.M.S., AL-Qaraghully, H.A.K. (2013). Composition of domestic solid waste and the determination of its density & moisture content: A case study for Tikrit City, Iraq. International Review of Civil Engineering (I.RE.C.E.), 4(2).

Ananthaswamy A. (2001). Junk food – a diet of plastic pellets plays havoc with animals’ immunity. New Sci, 169, 18.

Bangkok declaration on combating marine debris in ASEAN. (2020). Retrieved June 12, from https://asean.org/asean2020/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2.-Bangkok-Declaration-on-Combating-Marine-Debris-in-ASEAN-Region-FINAL-1.pdf

Barboza, L.G.A., Cózar, A., Gimenez, B.C.G., Barros, T.L., Kershaw, P.J., Puilhermino, L. (2019). “Macroplastics pollution in the marine environment,” in World Seas: an Environmental

Evaluation, 2nd Edn eds, C. Sheppard. (Cambridge, MA: Academic Press), 305–328.

Bilgili, M.S., Adar, E., Sezer, K. (2019). Characterisation of wastes collected from beaches, coastlines, marine surface cleaning processes and ships: A case study of Istanbul. Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X19838619 et al., 2019)

Bouwman, H., Evans, S.W., Cole, N., et al. (2016). The flipor-flop boutique: Marine debris on the shores of St Brandon’s rock, an isolated tropical atoll in the Indian Ocean. Marine Environmental Research, 114, 58–64.

Bureau of Information Office of the Permanent Secretary of MOPH. (2019). The Department of Health invites Thais to reduce the use of plastic, do not increase waste, and reduce animal breeding grounds. Retrieved February 21, 2022, from https://pr.moph.go.th/?url=pr/detail/2/02/131035

Casabianca, S., Bellingeri, A., Capellacci, S., Sbrana, A., Russo, T., Corsi, I., Penna, A. (2021). Ecological implications beyond the ecotoxicity of plastic debris on marine phytoplankton assemblage structure and functioning. Environmental Pollution, 290, 617–626.

European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability. (2013) JRC Scientific and policy report EUR 26113 EN, A guidance document within the common implementation strategy for the marine strategy framework directive MSFD Technical Subgroup on marine litter. Retrieved June 12, 2023, from https://mcc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/201702074014.pdf

Faris, J., Hart, K. (1994). Seas of Debris: A Summary of the Third International Conference on Marine Debris. N.C. Sea Grant College Program and NOAA.

Galgani, F., Hanke, G., Maes, T. (2015). Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter. In: Bergmann, M., Gutow, L., Klages, M. (eds) Marine anthropogenic litter. Springer, Cham, from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16510-3_2

Hengstmann, E., Gräwe, D., Tamminga, M., et al. (2017). Marine litter abundance and distribution on beaches on the Isle of Rügen considering the influence of exposition, morphology and recreational activities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 115(1–2), 297–306.

International Maritime Organization. (2016). Review of the current stat of knowledge regarding marine litter in waste dumped at sea under the London convention and protocol: Final report. Retrieved June 12, 2023, from https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/Marine%20litter%20review%20for%20publication%20April%202016_final_ebook_version.pdf

Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., et al. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347, 768–771.

Kiessling I, Hamilton C. (2003). Marine Debris at Cape Arnhem, Northern Territory, Australia. Report on the North-east Arnhem Land Marine Debris Survey 2001. Unpublished report, World Wide Fund for Nature Australia.

Koh Sukorn Subdistrict Administrative Organization. (2022). Information of Koh Koh Sukorn Subdistrict Administrative Organization. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from http://www.kohsukorn.go.th/general1.phpKoh

Koh Sukron. (2023). Retrieved June 12, 2023, from https://www.thailands-islands.com/koh-sukorn.php

Kordella, S., Geraga, M., Papatheodorou, G., et al. (2013). Litter composition and source contribution for 80 beaches in Greece, Eastern Mediterranean: A nationwide voluntary clean-up campaign. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 16, 111–118.

Lincoln S, Andrews B, Silvana Birchenough SNR, Chowdhury P, Georg H. Engelhard GH, Harrod O, Pinnegar, J.K., Townhill, B.L. (2022). Marine litter and climate change: Inextricably connected threats to the world's oceans. Science of The Total Environment, 837, 1-19.

Lippiatt S, Opfer S, Arthur C. (2013). Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSOR&R-46, Retrieved June 12, 2023, from file:///C:/Users/microsoft/Downloads/TM_NOS-ORR_46%20(1).pdf

Mamun, A.A., Prasetya, T.A.E., Dewi, I.R., Ahmad, M. (2023). Microplastics in human food chains: Food becoming a threat to health safety. Science of The Total Environment, 858 (Pt 1), Article 159834, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159834.

Mato,Y., Isobe, T., Takada, H., Kanehiro, H., Otake, C., Kaminuma, T. (2001). Plastic resin pellets as a transport medium for toxic chemicals in the marine environment. Environ. Sci. Technol, 35, 318–324.

Mishra, P., Singh, U., Pandey, C.M., Mishra, P., Pandey, G. (2019). Application of student's t-test, analysis of variance, and covariance. Ann Card Anaesth., Oct-Dec,22(4), 407-411. doi: 10.4103/aca.ACA_94_19. PMID: 31621677; PMCID: PMC6813708

Moore, C.J., Moore, S.L., Leecaster, M.K., Weisberg, S.B. (2001). A comparison of plastic and plankton in the North Pacific central gyre. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 42, 1297–1300.

Munari C, Corbau C, Simeoni U, et al. (2016). Marine litter on Mediterranean shores: Analysis of composition, spatial distribution and sources in north-western Adriatic beaches. Waste Management, 49, 483–490.

OSPAR Commission. (20120). Guideline for monitoring marine litter on the beaches in the OSPAR maritime area, Edition 1.0. Retrieved June 12, 2023, from https://www.ospar.org/ospar-data/10-02e_beachlitter%20guideline_english%20only.pdf

Pasquini, G., Ronchi, F., Strafella, P., et al. (2016). Seabed litter composition, distribution and sources in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean). Waste Management, 58, 41–51.

Pasquini, G., Ronchi, F., Strafella, P., Scarcella, G., Fortibuoni, T. (2016). Seabed litter composition, distribution and sources in the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean). Waste Manage, 58, 41–51. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.08.038

Pasternak, G., Zviely, D., Ribic, C.A., Ariel, A., Spanier, E. (2017). Sources, composition and spatial distribution of marine debris along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 114,1036–1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.023.Pasternak et al., 2017;

Pasternak, G., Zviely, D., Ribic, C.A., et al. (2017). Sources, composition and spatial distribution of marine debris along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Marine Pollution Bulletin , 114(2), 1036–1045.

Poeta, G., Battisti, C., Acosta, A.T.R. (2014). Marine litter in Mediterranean sandy littorals: Spatial distribution patterns along central Italy coastal dunes. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 89, 168–173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.011.Poeta et al., 2014

Rattanapan, W., Phokaew, K., Ninlaao, N. (2009). Study on Amount and Composition of Waste in Koh Mook Village, Trang Province. RMUTSV Research Journal, 1(2), 46-53.

Rees, G., Pond, K. Coast Watch UK 1995 Survey Report. (1996). Sponsored by the Daily Mirror. Farnborough, UK: Farnborough College of Technology, 64.

Ritchie H, Roser M. (2022). Plastic Pollution. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution

Roeger, S. (2002). Entanglement of marine Turtles in Netting: North-east Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Report to Alcan Gove Pty Ltd, World Wide Fund for Nature Australia, Humane Society International, Northern Land Council. Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, Northern Territory.

Sangkhanan, N., Kumlom ,T. Klongrue, K. (2022). Quantity and physical composition of the marine debris on Phetphoom Beach, Ban Koh Siray, Muang District, Phuket Province, Thailand. Thai Environmental Engineering Journal, 36(3), 27-33.

Slavin, C., Grage, A., Campbell, M.L. (2012). Linking social drivers of marine debris with actual marine debris on beaches. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 64, 1580–1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul2012.05.018

Sloan, S., Wallner, B., Mounsey, R. (1998). Fishing debris around Groote Eylandt in the Western Gulf of Carpentaria. A report on the Groote Eylandt Fishing Gear Debris Project 1998. Australian Fisheries Management Authority, Canberra, Australia.

Tekman, M.B., Gutow, L., Macario, A., Haas, A., Walter, A., Bergmann, M. (2019). Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://litterbase.awi.de/litter_detail.

Thailand Development Research Institute. (2021). Disparity worsens ocean pollution. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://tdri.or.th/en/2021/06/disparity-worsens-ocean-pollution/

UN Environment. (2017). Marine Litter Socio Economic Study. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi. Kenya.pdf/P17099409744b50fc09e7208a58cb52ae8a.pdf [Accessed 28 December 2022]

UNEP/MAP MEDPOL. (2015). Updated Report on Marine Litter Assessment in the Mediterranean. UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG.421/Inf.18.

Van Franeker, J.A. (2005). Schoon strand Texel 2005: onderzoeksresultaten van de schoonmaakactie van het Texelse strand op 20 april 2005. Alterra speciale uitgave 2005/09. Alterra, Texel, 23pp.

Veiga, J.M., Fleet, D., Kinsey, S., Nilsson, P., Vlachogianni, T., Werner, S., Galgani, F., Thompson,R.C., Dagevos, J., Gago, J., Sobral, P., Cronin, R. (2016). Identifying Sources of Marine Litter. MSFD GES TG Marine Litter Thematic Report; JRC Technical Report: EUR 28309, 2016. doi:10.2788/018068

Vlachogianni, T. (2017). Methodology for monitoring marine litter on beaches macro-debris (>2.5cm). Retrieved June 23, 2023, from https://mio-ecsde.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Beach-litter_monitoring-methodology.pdf

Wang MH, He Y, Sen B. (2019). Research and management of plastic pollution in coastal environments of China. Environmental Pollution, 248, 898-905.

Whiting, S. (1998). Types & sources of marine debris in Fog Bay, northern Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36(11), 901-910.

Wikipedia. (2021). Ko Sukron. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko_Sukorn

WorldAtlas. (2023). Map of Thailand. Retrieved June 12, 2023, fromhttps://www.worldatlas.com/maps/thailand

World Bank 2022. (2022). Plastic Waste Material Flow Analysis for Thailand – Summary Report. Marine Plastics Series, East Asia and Pacific Region. Washington DC. Retrieved December 28, 2022, from https://documen ts1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099515103152238081/

Downloads

Published

2024-02-27

How to Cite

Ruangdej Chaosuansreecharoen, K., Pongkaset, A., Akharawirawat, T., Kongsanit, S., Hlupo, W., & Chaosuansreecharoen, P. (2024). Quantification and Seasonal Characterization of Solid Waste at Sukorn Island, Andaman Sea, Southern of Thailand. NIDA Case Research Journal, 14(1), 73–98. Retrieved from https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/NCRJ/article/view/268595