A Comparative Study of Dynamics of Education Unions in Several Nations

Abstract

The objective of this research is to gain insights into the comparative dynamics of educational unions and related processes and to propose solutions for the establishment of education unions in Thailand. Based on case studies, it becomes evident that Western democracies, known for their support of democracy, generally foster more liberal and union-friendly environments. This is partially attributed to their commitment to international labor standards, including ILO Convention No. 87 and ILO Convention No. 98. It is noteworthy that the United States stands as an exception in this context, as it has not signed these conventions, signaling a reduced emphasis on labor rights. The late 1980s witnessed not only a shift towards neoliberal policies but also a critical examination of education quality in these Western nations by organizations such as the OECD PISA. This scrutiny had significant implications for education unions. Conversely, non-Western nations face distinct historical and political backgrounds, particularly those that experienced oppressive labor conditions in the past. For instance, before gaining independence from Britain, Malaysia and Singapore saw the Education Union leading the opposition against colonial rule. In South Africa, certain education unions have actively supported movements advocating for racial equality. South Korea, too, has seen education unions striving to organize despite challenges posed by military dictatorships and anti-union legislation. However, these unions often grapple with an imbalance of power due to their substantial authority. Regardless of whether they are situated in Western or non-Western contexts, education unions invariably engage with political dynamics within parliamentary and governmental structures because of their influential roles. This is compounded by a lack of transparency, as observed in cases like Mexico and, at times, India. A proposal for the creation of an educational labor union in Thailand has resulted from this comparative analysis, and it will consider the following procedures: 1) Advocating for policies that facilitate appropriate legislation and government regulations. 2) Establishing a coordinating body. 3) conducting research and learning from existing academic unions and professionals. 4) Launching public education and awareness campaigns at both national and educational institution levels. 5) Taking proactive measures to engage in negotiations with the government and commercial entities when challenges arise, thereby serving as the voice of labor. 6) Establishing connections with the global community.