The development of word reading and spelling in English for elementary school students

Abstract

This research aimed to develop the reading and spelling of English words. The objectives were: 1) to study the development of reading English words of elementary school students, 2) to study the development of English spelling words of elementary school students  and 3) to study the relationship between rapid naming and literacy affecting the reading and spelling of English words and the relationship between English word reading and English word spelling of the elementary school students.  The sample consisted of 56 students in grade 1 and 2 at Wat Pluak Ngam School, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province, Phitsanulok Primary Educational Service Area Office 2, the academic year 2021. The research material was the practice of reading aloud (phonics). For the data analysis, Microsoft Excel for Windows and cross-lag statistics were utilized to analyze the mean and the standard deviation of the two-dimensional line chart image. The results showed that 1. For developing English word reading by using the Phonics exercise, the mean readings of English words 1^st to 4^th time were 5.5, 6.7, 7.4, and 8.0, respectively. The improvement in reading English words increased with every measurement after every teaching. 2. For Improvement of English spelling by using the reading practice (phonics), the mean of reading English words 1^st to 4^th time were 5.5, 6.4, 7.4, and 7.9, respectively. There was an increase in English spelling improvements with every measurement after every teaching. 3. The relationship between rapid naming literacy affecting the reading and spelling of English words and the relationship between reading English words and English spelling were examined to compare model harmony with empirical data by using cross-lag statistics. The parameter value of the English word-reading relationship conformity to the empirical data (Model fit) approximately met the criteria determined by utilizing the chi-square value  = 41.85, P = 0.00024. df = 15, /df = 2.79. The Harmony Level Index (CFI) was 0.97. The Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.17. Furthermore, the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) of the remainder in standard score form is 0.058.