The Transformational Leadership, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Corporate Environmental Management, and Sustainable Competitiveness of Small and Medium-Sized Chemical Fertilizer Businesses in Thailand
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Small and medium-sized chemical fertilizer businesses in Thailand face fluctuations in raw material costs, market competition, environmental regulations, and stakeholder expectations. Maintaining competitiveness therefore depends on their readiness in terms of leadership, entrepreneurial orientation, and corporate environmental management. This research aimed to examine the levels of transformational leadership, entrepreneurial orientation, corporate environmental management, and sustainable competitiveness among small and medium-sized chemical fertilizer businesses in Thailand. The study employed a quantitative research design using a survey method. The sample consisted of 340 executives or managerial-level representatives of business establishments. The research instrument was a five-point rating-scale questionnaire. Its content validity was examined by five experts, with the Index of Item–Objective Congruence ranging from 0.60 to 1.00, and the reliability coefficient for the entire questionnaire was .987. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that corporate environmental management had the highest mean score and was at a high level, followed by entrepreneurial orientation, sustainable competitiveness, and transformational leadership, all of which were also at high levels. When each dimension was considered, raw material management, autonomy, business value creation, and individualized consideration had the highest mean scores within their respective variables. In contrast, intellectual stimulation had the lowest mean score and was at a moderate level. The findings indicate that businesses should promote employee initiative, develop environmental marketing, and improve cost control efficiency in order to maintain long-term competitiveness.
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