The Feasibility of Developing a Welfare State in Thai Society

Abstract

This research article aims to examine the factors obstructing the development of a welfare state in Thailand, analyze the reasons behind the inability to establish a comprehensive welfare system, and propose an appropriate design framework based on the principles of equity, fairness, and inclusiveness. A qualitative methodology was employed, drawing on academic literature, research studies, and public policy documents, with comparative analysis of countries possessing strong welfare systems, namely Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The findings reveal that Thailand’s welfare system remains limited in scope, targeting specific groups rather than applying a universal approach. Key obstacles include centralized administration, market mechanism failures, economic instability, budgetary constraints, demographic changes such as an aging society, and rapidly advancing technology. The study suggests a hybrid welfare model that emphasizes universality, fair distribution of resources, and social investment. The state should take a proactive role in providing essential services and supporting families and communities, while also promoting public participation in policymaking and oversight. This research contributes to academic knowledge on welfare states within the Thai context and offers a reform framework capable of reducing inequality, fostering social justice, and responding sustainably to economic and demographic transformations.