THE INFLUENCE OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM ON THE SANGHA ACT B.E. 2484 (1941)

Abstract

The Sangha Act B.E. 2484 (1941) represents a significant turning point, reflecting the integration of democratic principles into the governance structure of the Thai monastic community. Initially, the Act served as a tool for government oversight and management of the Sangha to align with democratic ideals, which were increasingly recognized and expanded upon in Thai society following the political change of 1932. This article aims to examine and analyze the impact of the democratic system on the administrative structure of the Sangha through this Act, considering the systemic administrative changes, decentralization of authority from central to local levels, and the Sangha's adaptation to democratic principles. It also discusses guidelines for defining the role of the Sangha in operations consistent with the role of religious leaders and the involvement of monks at each level. The Sangha Act B.E. 2484 resulted in a clear administrative structure, with a systematic appointment of monastic positions. Decentralization enabled the Sangha in various regions to operate within their contexts, allowing for quicker responses to local issues. Democratic ideas further encouraged an increase in public participation in decision-making related to religious matters, promoting a transparent and accountable system.