การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบสภาพความเป็นมนุษย์ตามกฎหมายอาญาของไทยและต่างประเทศ

Phrakru Chinnawirabundit (Ek Chinwamso); Phrakru Phawanachotikhun (Kuihai Chutintharo)

Authors

Phrakru Chinnawirabundit (Ek Chinwamso) Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University
Phrakru Phawanachotikhun (Kuihai Chutintharo) Wat Tham Singto Thong, Ratchaburi Province

Keywords:

Condition, Humanity, Criminal Law

Abstract

This article aims to compare the concepts and criteria for determining the beginning of human status under criminal law in Thailand and other countries. It analyzes the criteria used to establish the starting point of human status and the protection of life within various legal and cultural contexts. In Thailand, human status begins when a baby is completely born and survives, without considering physical factors such as breathing, circulatory function, or the cutting of the umbilical cord. This approach emphasizes the consideration of physical facts and the rights of individuals capable of independent living. The United Kingdom adopts criteria that focus on whether the baby can live independently after birth, including the functioning of the circulatory system or breathing. Similarly, the Commonwealth of Australia and New Zealand evaluate the baby's ability to live independently without reliance on the mother’s body. Canada, on the other hand, emphasizes medical evidence such as oxygen exchange in the lungs or other indications of life, regardless of whether the baby breathes, or the umbilical cord is cut. In the United States, criteria vary across states. Some states adhere to the “born alive” principle, which assesses whether the baby has independent circulatory or respiratory function. Meanwhile, New York recognizes the rights of fetuses aged 24 weeks or older. The study highlights the diversity in defining human status, influenced by cultural factors, legal systems, and advancements in medical science.

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