A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEGAL MEASURES FOR THE PROTECTION OF BUDDHISM IN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR

Abstract

This research article aims to comparatively study the measures for protecting Buddhism in the Kingdom of Thailand and the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, primarily using documentary research. The key documents examined include the 2017 Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand and the 2008 Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The research tools consist of: 1. a Data Recording Form for collecting information from documents and 2. a Document Quality Assessment Form to verify the reliability, accuracy, and completeness of the documents. Data analysis is conducted using qualitative analysis techniques, and the research findings are presented descriptively.
The findings reveal that religious protection in Thailand and Myanmar shares similarities in terms of recognizing freedom of religion but differs in specific details and implementation. Thailand places special emphasis on Buddhism and provides support through legal frameworks and government funding. In contrast, while Myanmar officially recognizes religious freedom, practical limitations and discrimination against other religions persist. 1. Religious Individuals: Thailand ensures equal protection for monks and religious practitioners, though Buddhism receives greater state support. In Myanmar, Buddhism holds significant influence and enjoys strong state backing, while other religions face restrictions and conflicts. 2. Religious Sites: Thailand provides comprehensive protection for Buddhist and non-Buddhist religious sites, whereas Myanmar primarily supports Buddhist religious sites, with other religions encountering obstacles in their religious activities. 3. Religious Artifacts: Thailand enforces laws to protect historical and religious artifacts, with religious institutions playing a role in conservation. In Myanmar, temples and monks are the main entities responsible for preserving religious artifacts, with a strong focus on Buddhist objects. 4 Religious Ceremonies: Thailand ensures equal religious freedom and practices for all faiths. In contrast, despite Myanmar’s constitutional recognition of religious freedom, other religions still face limitations and inequalities, reflecting the differing roles of religion in the societal contexts of both countries.