BUDDHIST MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY: LESSONS FROM A JOURNEY TO THE HOLY SITES

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze Buddhist management principles applicable to modern administration through empirical research conducted at the four Buddhist holy sites: Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, and Kushinagar. The research employed qualitative methodology using observational techniques and socio-cultural context analysis at significant locations in Buddhist history to understand Buddha’s management strategies in establishing and developing Buddhism. The findings revealed that Buddha’s management strategies comprise three core components: strategic target group selection beginning with prepared groups and expanding to thought leaders, network building and social diversity management through constructive conflict resolution, and sustainable organizational system establishment emphasizing principles and systems over individual dependency. The study also demonstrateed that Buddhist principles can be effectively integrated with modern management theories, particularly in human resource management through the Four Brahmaviharas, situational leadership through the Sappurisadhamma 7, Seven Qualities of a Good Person, systematic problem-solving through Ariyasacca 4, the Four Noble Truths, and sustainable development through the Eightfold Parth, Middle Path principle. The proposed conceptual framework benefited administrators in developing leadership skills and organizational management, public administration scholars studying ethical management approaches, and policymakers creating balanced and sustainable development. This research contributed significantly to advancing knowledge in Buddhist management and the application of Buddhist principles in contemporary administration.