การวิเคราะห์คุณภาพข้อสอบแบบเลือกตอบตามทฤษฎีการทดสอบแบบดั้งเดิม

Purimpratch Khaninphasut

Authors

Purimpratch Khaninphasut Office of Registration, Records and Evaluation, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0039-567X

Keywords:

Item Analysis, Item Difficulty, Item Discrimination, Multiple-Choice Questions, Classical Test Theory

Abstract

This academic article aims to present principles and practical guidelines for analyzing the quality of multiple-choice questions based on Classical Test Theory. The quality of items is a important factor in the validity of assessing students' true abilities. Item analysis represents a statistical process that systematically examines the effectiveness of items through three essential indices. First, the item difficulty index reflects the proportion of examinees who answer the item correctly. Second, the item discrimination index demonstrates the ability of a item to differentiate between high-ability and low-ability examinees. Third, distractor efficiency analyzes the capability of distractors to attract low-ability examinees. Moreover, the study systematically presents the formulas, calculation procedures, and interpretive guidelines for the indices. It presents practical approaches that teachers and researchers can apply using basic software programs without requiring sophisticated statistical packages. Understanding the principles of item analysis and improving items to meet quality standards will enhance the accuracy, validity, and fairness of learning achievement.

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