THE CONCEPT OF THE SOVEREIGN IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Keywords:
Concept, Sovereign, Contemporary WorldAbstract
This academic article seeks to present and analyze the concept of the sovereign in the contemporary world. The scope of the article covers the transition of political legitimacy and the paradigms of exercising sovereignty across different historical eras, utilizing a review of literature and academic documents published between 1943 and 2010. The synthesis of these concepts demonstrates that: 1. The universal principle of sovereignty is the absolute and supreme power that a state independently exercises to govern and maintain social order without external domination. 2. The development of the sovereign can be categorized by political legitimacy into three main types: the power of a single individual (the monarch or absolute ruler), the power of the masses (the people and the nation), and the power of representative institutions (the parliament). This reflects the dynamic choices of power structures shaped by the distinct ideology and context of each state; and 3. The new body of knowledge derived from the analysis indicates that the transition of state power has shifted from being deeply tied to religious sanctity and absolute centralization, to establishing bottom-up legitimacy anchored in the consent of the masses and constitutional frameworks. The presentation of this article is highly beneficial to scholars and the general public in understanding the foundational legitimacy of state power, which serves as a crucial mechanism for strengthening the rule of law and fostering sustainable democratic regimes in the contemporary political landscape.
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