Key Success Factors and Constraints of Organic Vegetable Production Systems in Thailand: Lessons Learned from Selected Cases of Best Practices

Abstract

     The objectives of the research were to study 1) the key success factors of an organic vegetable production system and 2) the constraints on organic vegetable production and marketing in Thailand. Data were collected from a sample of farmers and processors/handlers recognized for their best practices—namely, Rai Thon Nuey (Dare to Sweat Farm), Rai Plook Ruk (Thai Organic Farm), Suwannabhumi Organic Co. Ltd., and Swift Co. Ltd. The techniques of semi-structured interviews and observation were applied. Empirical and documentary analyses were administered. Findings revealed that key success factors and important techniques of organic farming are practiced with implicit knowledge which starts from the preparation of the ecosystem and soil nutrient then considers crop maintenance in the food chain system, and finally involves harvesting only the edible pieces. While market access with simple postharvesting at the farm level results in a longer shelf life, good quality produce is necessary. Constraints of organic vegetable production were: 1) bio-physical constraints, such as low soil fertility, water shortage, irregular rainfall and pests; 2) economic constraints such as high initial costs, high labor costs, high transport costs, and lack of market channels; and 3) knowledge constraints, such as lacking in understanding of farm problems such as nutrient balance, crop-environment interactions, postharvest management, waste management, and consumers’ perceptions. The important problem of organic vegetable farming was that farmers didn’t know what their problems were. As a solution, sharing of problems and exchanging knowledge and experiences among the various stakeholders should be considered.