Integration of theory of planned behavior and health belief model for predicting the intention of COVID-19 vaccination: Empirical study in Indonesia

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic hit many countries in the world, including Indonesia. The vaccination program for the entire population is one of the programs conducted in many countries to slow the rate of transmission of the virus, which is expected to support economic growth again. Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine then became one of the main aspects that needed to be researched to support government initiatives in distributing and providing vaccines to the public. Although studies have been conducted to predict people’s intention to take vaccines, few studies have integrated variables based on the stimulus-organismresponse (S-O-R) framework. This study aims to predict an individual’s intention to get a COVID-19 vaccine. The research model was developed using the S-O-R framework by integrating variables from the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior. Questionnaires were distributed using a judgmental sampling design with a total of 256 questionnaires collected. The reliability test was conducted first and then the data were analyzed using structural equations. The results showed that of the seven research hypotheses, there were two that were not supported. The unsupported hypotheses were the relationship between perceived benefits and trust and the relationship between perceived barriers and trust. Despite the efforts of many parties, including the government, in terms of campaigning for the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine, these findings show that the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine are not the main aspect that affects public confidence. Also, the obstacle in getting the vaccine is not a significant factor.