Adolescent cognitive development and logical reasoning: A phenomenological study

บทคัดย่อ

This study examines the relationship between cognitive development and
logical reasoning abilities among Indonesian high school science students.
We drew upon Piaget’s cognitive development theory to gain insight into
how students at different stages of cognitive development engage with logical
reasoning tasks. Our study encompassed a range of logical reasoning abilities,
including control of variables, proportional reasoning, probabilistic thinking,
correlational reasoning, and combinatorial logic. A phenomenological approach
was employed to qualitatively analyze modified Tests of Logical Thinking
(TOLT) assessments from Tobin and Capie (1981) and student interviews.
After obtaining TOLT data, interviews were conducted to ensure the interpretation
that had been made. Data analysis was done by organizing and interpreting data,
reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The findings reveal distinct patterns of
logical reasoning proficiency across cognitive stages. Students at the concrete
operational stage exhibited significant challenges, those at the transitional
stage demonstrated partial mastery, and those at the formal operational stage
displayed advanced reasoning skills, albeit with occasional errors. These results
highlight the importance of tailoring educational interventions to students’
cognitive levels to enhance logical thinking and problem-solving abilities.