Developing indicators of executive functions in preschool children at 3–4 years in Thailand

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop executive function indicators
for Thai children aged 3–4 years. The study methodology was designed to
improve executive function indicators and assessment tools. The research
participants in this study were 389 children from 18 schools in 6 regions
of Thailand. The samples were determined using multistage sampling.
The instrument used to collect data was an executive function assessment
form. Data were analysed using second-order confirmatory factor analysis.
Regarding executive functions in preschool children aged 3–4 years, there
were 3 components and 9 indicators, consisting of: (1) working memory
with 3 indicators: memorizing and recalling, bringing information to use in
a timely manner, and linking ideas; (2) inhibitory control with 3 indicators:
restrained interests, resisting interference, and suppressing needs; and
(3) cognitive flexibility with 3 indicators: adapting behavior, adjusting action
plans, and changing needs. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the
model fit the empirical data (χ2 = 27.95, df = 21, p value = .14, (χ2/df = 1.33,
GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.03, and standardized RMR = 0.02).