Psychomotor evaluation model for 21st century skills in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era

Abstract

The objective of this research is to examine the application of psychomotor
evaluation instruments and techniques in facilitating the development of 21st
century skills specifically critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and
creativity among educators and learners in Indonesia at the secondary school
level. The sample comprised 35 teachers and 88 students from the Jombang,
Mojokerto, and Gresik regions. A questionnaire employing a four-point Likert
scale was disseminated via Google Forms and WhatsApp to collect data,
with the reliability and validity of the instruments established through expert
judgment and pilot testing. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial
Least Squares (PLS) Program version 3.0. The principal findings indicate that
certain psychomotor evaluation techniques, such as performance appraisal and
project evaluation, significantly influence students’ acquisition of these skills
(p < .05). The innovation of the proposed psychomotor evaluation model lies in
the combination of continuous tracking and a variety of assessment techniques
in order to measure students’ skills more effectively. This study provides a
foundation that this model can be adapted by educational stakeholders in order
to improve assessment for effective skills training in students. It should also be
noted that the application of the model could vary in effectiveness depending
on the educational context, in particular, hands-on learning environments
and collaborative educational contexts. Future research should explore
interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary applications of the model to increase
its relevance and effectiveness in improving student success in the 21st century
educational landscape.