The Stimulus and the Behavior Decision of Chinese travels to Thailand: A Case Study of Chinese in Zhejiang
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article examines the impact of stimulus factors (macro and marketing factors) on the behavior decision of Chinese travels to Thailand (willingness to travel to Thailand in the next five years, budget allocation to a trip to Thailand, and length of stay). The study adapts the concept of the stimulus-response model of buyer behavior to develop the model of causal relationships between the stimulus factors and behavior decision travel to Thailand. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to analyze 383 primary data observations obtained from interviews Chinese people who live in Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province. The models include nineteen observed variables (seventeen continuous variables and two category variables), and nine latent variables. The causal relationships estimated by weighted least squares means and variance adjusted (WLSMV) between the stimulus factors and the behavior decision of Chinese travelers to Thailand showed that the stimulus factors have a strong influence on the willingness to visit Thailand, and they also influenced the allocated budget. However, they do not affect the expected length of stay.
Article Details
References
Akarapong Untong. (2016). The Dynamics and Stability of the Elasticities of Demand for Thailand’s Long–run Tourism for Chinese Tourists’ Market. Journal of Economics and Management, 3(2), 1–16.
Akarapong Untong, Mingsarn Kaosa–ard, M., Ramos, V. & Rey–Maquieira, J. (2014). Thailand’s Long–runTourism Demand Elasticities.Tourism Economics, 20(3), 595–610.
Baloglu, S. & McCleary, K. (1999). A Model of Destination Image Formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897.
Brida, J. G. & Scuderi, R. (2013). Determinants of Tourist Expenditure: A Review of Microeconometric Models. Tourism Management Perspectives, 6(April), 28–40.
Cheung, G. W. & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating Goodness–of–Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255.
Chollada Mongkhonvanit, Rattanaporn Chattiwong & Thananchanok Jandang. (2013). Marketing Mix Factors Affecting Decision Making to Travel to Floating Market of Thai Youth in Bangkok. Journal of Thai Hospitality and Tourism, 8(2), 75–90.
Crompton, J. (1979). Motivations for Pleasure Vacations. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408–424.
Dann, G. (1977). Anomie, Ego–Enchantment and Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184–194.
Ewing, G. & Haider, W. (1999). Estimating What Affects Tourist Destination Choice. In Pizam, A. & Mansfield Y. (Eds.), Consumer Behavior in Travel and Tourism (pp. 35–58). New York: The Haworth Hospitality Press.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice–Hall International.
Hong, S., Kim, J. & Lee, S. (2006). The Roles of Categorization, Affective Image and Constraints on Destination Choice: An Application of the NMNL Model. Tourism Management, 27(5), 750–761.
Huybers, T. (2003). Modelling Short–Break Holiday Destination Choices. Tourism Economics, 9(4), 389–405.
Jabbari, A., Zarchi, M. K. R., Kavosi, Z., Shafaghat, T. & Keshtkaran, A. (2013). The Marketing Mix and Development of Medical Tourism in Shiraz. Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 25(1), 32–36.
Kline, R. B. (2012). Assumptions of Structural Equation Modeling. In Hoyle, R. (ed.), Handbook of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford Press.
Kotler, P. & Armstrong, G. (2008). Principles of Marketing. 12th ed. New Jersey: Prentice–Hall.
La–iard Silanoi & Supawadee Sutthiruk. (2015). The Influence of Marketing Mixed Factors on Tourists’ Decision Making for Visiting the Agro–Tourism Attraction: A Case Study of Suan Sala Athit Agro–Tourism Attraction, at Ban Na San District, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Journal of Thai Hospitality and Tourism, 10(2), 47–59.
Marrocu, E., Paci, R. & Zara, A. (2015). Micro–Economic Determinants of Tourist Expenditure: A Quantile Regression Approach. Tourism Management, 50(October), 13–30.
Middleton, T. C. V., Fyall, A., Morgan, M. & Ranchhod, A. (2009). Marketing in Travel and Tourism. 4th ed. Oxford: Elsevier.
Mingsarn Kaosa–ard, Akarapong Untong, Danaitun Pongpatcharatomtep & Natthapon Anantanasan. (2016). A Tourism Demand Chain Analysis of the Chinese Tourist Market. Research Report. Public Policy Study Institute, Chiang Mai.
Morley, C. (1994). Experimental Destination Choice Analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 780–791.
Muthén, L. K. & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus User’s Guide. 7th ed. Los Angeles, CA.
Nouri, B. A. & Soltani, M. (2015). Evaluating the Effect of Tourism Mix on Buying Holiday Home in Cyprus. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(5), 63–74.
Ratchakorn Chotpradit, Nittaya Suriyapan & Pattrawadee Makmee. (2015). A Causal Relationship Model of Service Marketing Mix’ 7Ps Effective to Business Performance of Tourists in Selecting the Hotel Ubon Rathathani in Thailand. Journal of the Association of Researchers, 20(2), 94–104.
Ryan, C. (2003). Recreational Tourism: Demand and Impacts. Clevedon: Channel View Publications.
Shafiyan, M. (2010). Factors Affecting the Choice of Tourism Destination (A Study of Italian Tourists in Iran). Quarterly Journal of Tourism and Development, 2(2), 1–23.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using Multivariate Statistics. 6th ed. New York: Pearson.
UNWTO. (2014). Chinese Outbound Travel to the Middle East and North Africa. Madrid, Spain.
Uysal, M. & Jurowski, C. (1994). Testing the Push and Pull Factors. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(4), 844–846.
Uysal, M., Li, X. & Sirakaya–Turk, E. (2008). Push–Pull Dynamics in Travel Decisions. In Oh, H. (Ed.), Handbook of Hospitality Marketing Management (pp. 412–439). Butterworth–Heinemann.
Yoon, Y. & Uysal, M. (2005). An Examination of the Effects of Motivation and Satisfaction on Destination Loyalty: A Structural Model. Tourism Management, 26(1), 45–56.