Interaction between Riding Animals in Ordination Ceremony Parades and Buddhist Symbolism
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Almost all countries in Southeast Asia where the people follow Buddhism, such as in the Kingdom of Thailand, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the Kingdom of Cambodia, have the culture of riding animals in ordination ceremony parades. In particular, this can be seen in Thailand covering many central, western and some northern and northeastern areas. The animals that are used include both living animals and simulated animals that are related to the legend of the Buddha consisting of horses, elephants and cows: horses in the northern region; elephants in northeastern; and cows both in the central and western areas. Animals in legends or literature, such as swan and lion, are found in the lower northern and southern areas. In addition, there are sacred animals in the Chinese zodiac belief, such as chickens, king of nagas and tigers. Also animals related to work or the way of life of the naga and his family, such as buffalo, fish and crocodiles, can be found in many areas of Thailand. It can be seen that in India and Nepal, the place of the origin of Buddhism, there is no tradition to call a man who will be the monk as a “naga” and there is also no animal riding culture in ordination parades. Therefore, it is interesting to study the interaction between animal riding in ordination ceremony parades and Buddhist symbolism.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Journal of Thai studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives4.0 Intenational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, unless otherwise stated. Plese read our Policies page for more information on Open Access, copyright and permissions.
References
Bannaruji, B. (2004). “Buat” thima khwammai lae itthiphon [“Ordination”: Meaning, etymology and importance]. Bangkok: Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University.
Banjun, O. (2015). “Suep tamnan ‘phra thong nang nak’ nai phithi buat nak khamen.” [“The legend of ‘Phra Thong Nang Nak’ in Khmer ordination ceremonies”]. Bangkok: SilpaWattanatham.
Banjun, O. (2017). Thamniam taeng suai kon buat [the custom of applying make-up before an ordination]. Bangkok: SilpaWattanatham.
Bunprasirt, J. (2013). Analysis of texts about oxen. (Master’s thesis). Graduate School, Silpakorn University.
Chotpinyokul, P. (2011). Mon worldviews that appear in monk ordination rites: a case study of Nakhonchum village, Ban Pong District, Ratchaburi Province. (Master’s thesis). Graduate School, Silpakorn University.
Fine Arts Department. (1946). Thiao mueang pha ma [Journey in Burma]. Bangkok: Vajirayana.
Intarapapant, N. (1997). A Study of the Ordination Ceremony on Elephant Back at Hatsiao. (Master’s thesis). Department of Thai Study, Naresuan University.
Jitjan, N. (2003). The belief of the Kuy people regarding the tradition Elephant Parades for Novices: A Case Study of Taklang Village in Krapho Subdistrict, Thatum District, Surin Province. (Master’s thesis). Department of Thai Study, Mahasarakham University.
Kunchun, S. (2014). Continuity of the traditional of Nak Hod procession in Ban non salao community, Nongtum subdistrict, Phukhiao district, Chaiyaphum province. (Master’s thesis). Graduate School, Khon Kaen University.
Laomanacharoen, S. (2016). Buat nak mai mi nai india thaem khaophansa doem ko mai chai prapheni phut [Naga ordination, which has disappeared from India, is an addition to the original Buddhist lent and is not a Buddhist tradition]. Bangkok: Vogue.
Lohitkun, T. (1999). Thong daen chedi phrai nai phukam prathet [Journey in Pagan, the land of Pagodas]. Bangkok: Ruam Duay Chuay Kan.
Mahamakuta Rajavidyalaya foundation under Royal Patronage. (1985). Kan phanuat nai ratchakan thi VII phutmamaka lae nak luang [Ordaination in the reign of King Rama VII: Buddhism and Royal Novices]. Bangkok: Phra Me Ru Mas [Royal Crematorium].
MeiDongTor. (2018). Khabuan hae nak mon: kan datplaeng phap chaochai sit that tha okbuat [Mon Monk Processions: Adaptation of Prince Siddhartha’s Ordination]. Bangkok: Ramankadi.
Ministry of Education. (1988). Maha wetsandon chadok chabap 13 kan [The Vessantara Jataka, 13 sermon issue]. (12th ed.). Bangkok: Kurusapa Printing Ladphrao.
Napharan, R. (2011). Buat nak phithikam mai mi nai india - langka [Naga ordination, a ceremony that has disappeared from India and Sri Lanka]. Bangkok: Kom Chad Luek.
Oadjessada, P. (2016). Khi chang buat nak thi ban pring [Elephant riding ordination ceremony of Ban Pring Village]. Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre
Paksasook, A. (2015). Kan buat nai phraphutthasatsana [Ordination ceremony in Buddhism]. Bangkok: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University.
Pantong, T. (2010). An analytical study of the problems with ordination ceremonies in contemporary Thai society. (Master’s thesis). Graduate School, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University.
Pengkum., C. (1997). Kan lalen ma hae [Horseparade amusement]. Phitsanulok: Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Pinthong, S. (2011). Liang ma hae nak thurakit chak chai rak ruam anurak watthanatham [Horse Riding ordination procession: an activity from passion and preservation of cultural]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Sanamchandha Palace Library. (2013). Ma hae nak [horse riding ordination procession]. Nakhon Pathom: Silpakorn University.
Seubduang, M. (2017). Kan buat phuea thotthaen khun phomae [Become a monk in order to repay debts of gratitude to one’s parents]. Bangkok: Faculty of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University.
Srimok, P. (2016). Prapheni kan buat nak khi chang [Elephant riding ordination ceremonies]. Bangkok: Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre
Srimosorn, A. (2009). The Tradition of Novice Ordination and Elephants: A Case Study of Taklang Village in Krapho Subdistrict, Thatum District, Surin Province. (Master’s thesis). Department of Local research and development, Buriram Rajabhat University.
Srisang, S. (1995). Buad Chang: a reflection of the social and cultural of Puan people, a case study of Ban Haad Seao, Sukhothai. (Master’s thesis). Graduate School, Silpakorn University.
Sukatajaiin, P. (2013). Buat lukkaeo poi sang long pratsani nen khi ma taengna sai waen dam [Poi Sang Long ordination: The secret of novices riding horses, applying makeup, and wearing sunglasses]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Tanmahaparn, C. (2015). Prapheni khi chang haeng nak khong chao thai phuan changwat sukhothai [The tradition of Elephant riding in ordination ceremony parades of the Phuan people in Sukhothai Province]. Bangkok: O.K. Nation.
Tungkha, P. (2016). Phraphuttharup khan than rat samai ratchakan thi I thi mai dai kiao arai kap sinlapa baep khanthanrat [A Buddha Image from the reign of King Rama I that is not related to Gandhara Art]. Art and culture journal. Vol 20, No 1, pp.32-33)
Withee, P. (2008). The symbols in ordination ritual of Thai-Khmer ethnic groups: A case study of Mueang sub-district, Mueang district, Surin province. (Master’s thesis). Graduate School, Surin Rajabhat University.
Wongtej, S. (2016). Nak mai chai khon phut patha phi laeo torong nai phithi buat nak [Naga is not human, Buddhism versus Animism that appears in ordination ceremonies]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Wright, M. (2007). Farang khlang phi [Foreigner crazy about Ghosts]. Bangkok: Matichon.
Yupho, T. (1967). Suwanaphum [Suvannabumi]. Bangkok: Fine Arts Department.