Ya Kwat Drug Remedies From Thai Traditional Medical Texts of Phromphiram District, Phitsanulok Province
Keywords:
ya kwat traditional medicine, Thai traditional medical texts, Phromphiram, PhitsanulokAbstract
This article aims to study methods and pharmaceutical substances found in Thai traditional ya kwat (throat swabbing) medical texts of Phromphiram District, Phitsanulok Province. The primary texts, covering 18 manuals, are from the Art and Cultural Center of Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University. The oldest of these manuals are the pharmacopoeia texts from Phromphiram Temple, Tambon Phromphiram, Amphoe Phromphiram, Phitsanulok Province, folding-leaf book number พส.ข.0215, dated 27 December 1867 A.D. in the reign of King Mongkut (Rama IV).
This study discovered that the ya kwat drug remedies were found in 12 texts, covering 86 remedies. It was discovered that there are five different methods based on their properties.The first property is to cure “sang” (one kind of pediatric disease) covering 64 remedies. The second property is to cure various illnesses covering 16 remedies. The third property is to cure urinary tract and intestines diseases covering four remedies. The fourth property is to cure a range ofdiseases covering one remedy. The fifth property has an unidentified cure covering one remedy.
The study found 150 plant-based substances used, with the highest frequency being ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe).There were 41 animal-based substances used, with the highest frequency being cuttlebone. There were 23 mineral-based substances used, with the highest frequency being borax. The liquid adjuvant used in the remedies cover 22 types, with the highest frequency being liquor. The ya kwat drug remedies from the Thai traditional medical texts of Phromphiram District, Phitsanulok Province clearly demon strate a record of wisdom of medical treatment of the Phromphiram villagers from the past.
References
Chaisin, T, et al. (2017). Some Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Cuttlebone. Thai Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 11-21.
Department for Development of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine and Thai Royal Institute. (2010). Photcananukrom Sap Phaet lae Phesatchakam Thai chabap Ratchabandittayasathan. [Dictionary of Medical Terms and Thai Pharmacy, Thai Royal Institute Edition]. (2nd ed.). Bangkok: National Office of Buddhism Publishing.
Department of Mineral Resources. (2007). Phaenthi Thoraniwitthaya Changwat Phitsanulok [Geological maps of Phitsanulok, Thailand]. Bangkok: Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.
Khrupanyamart, L (ed.). (2004). Tamra Phesatchakam Thai [Thai Traditional Medical Manuals]. (2nd ed.). Bangkok: The Foundation of Thai Traditional Medicine Encouraged.
Klinhom, Usa. (2009). Kan sangkhayana Tamra ya Phuenban Isan: Korani Khai mak mai [Clarification of Traditional Medicine in Palmleaf Manuscripts, Northeastern Thailand: Mak Mai Fever Case Study]. Bangkok: Usa Printing.
Kruathai, P, et al. (2011). Kan chatkan Khwamru Tamra ya Phuenban Lanna: Korani sueksa klum rok Mareng rue Ba heng [Knowledge Management in Lan Na Traditional Medicine, a Case Study of “Mareng/Baheng” Illness]. Chiangmai: Max Printing.
Ministry of Education. (1999). Phaetsat Songkhro: Phumpanya thang Kan phaet lae Moradok thang Wannakam khong Chat [Phaetsat Songkhro: Medical wisdom and legacy in Thai literature]. Bangkok: Thai Language Institute, Academic Division, Ministry of Education.
Panyajak, P, et al. (2021). Substances in Pharmacopoeia of Wat Saphan Hin, Amphoe Phromphiram Changwat Phitsanulok. In University of Phayao, 10th The Proceeding of Phayao Research conference 28-29 January 2021 (pp.3645-3657). Phayao: University of Phayao.
Phrakhamphi Pathamacinta. (1999). inPhaetsat Songkhro: Phumpanya thang Kan phaet lae Moradok thang Wannakam khong Chat [Phaetsat Songkhro : Medical wisdom and legacy in Thai literature] (p.89-310). Bangkok: Thai Language Institute, Academic Division, Ministry of Education.
Phrakhamphi Taxila. (1999). in Phaetsat Songkhro: Phumpanya thang Kan phaet lae Moradok thang Wannakam khong Chat [Phaetsat Songkhro Medical wisdom and legacy in Thai literature] (p.693-710). Bangkok: Thai Language Institute, Academic Division, Ministry of Education.
Picheansoonthon, C; Javalit, M; & Cheeravong, V. (2001). Kam Athibay Tamra Phra Osoth Phra Narai chabap chaloemphrakiat 72 phansa maha racha [A Description of Traditional Pharmacopoeia of King Narai on the occasion of the 72nd birth anniversary of His Majesty the King]. Bangkok: Amarin and Wisdom Foundation.
Pruksawan, S. (1983). Banchi raichue Samut khoi bai lan Changwat Phitsanulok thi thaitham maikhrofim [Catalogue of Thai traditional Books and Palm-Leaf Manuscripts of Phitsanulok Province in Microfilm Form]. Phitsanulok: The Survey Project of Thai traditional Books and Palm-Leaf Manuscripts in Phitsanulok, Thailand, Art and Cultural Center of Pibulsongkram Teacher College Phitsanulok.
Royal Institute. (2011). Photchananukrom chabap Ratchabandittayasathan BE 2554 [Dictionary of the Royal Institute, 2011 Edition]. Bangkok: Royal Institute.
Sangngern, P. (2020). An analytical study of Pharmacy Literature of Wat Mai Phromphiram Amphoe Phromphiram Phitsanulok Province. Phitsanulok: Rajabhat Pibulsongkram University.
Sangngern, P. & Khatshima, K. (2020). Education of Thai Traditional Medicine Texts in Thailand. The Journal of Humanities and Social Science Mahasarakham University, 39(4), 64-81.
Soisamrong, M, et al. (2010).Thai Practice of Traditional Ya Kwat remedies for Sick Children. The Journal of Thai Traditional & Alternative Medicine, 8(1), 61-68.
Sornchan, C, et al. (2021). Ingredients in Pharmacopoeia of Wat Santikawas, Amphoe Phromphiram Changwat Phitsanulok. In University of Phayao, 10th The Proceeding of Phayao Research conference 28-29 January 2021 (pp.4020-4034). Phayao: University of Phayao.
Tamraya Wat Krap phuang nuea (Pharmacy Recipes of Wat Krap Phuang nuea). Khoi Book พส.ข.0230. A Document from Art and Cultural Center of Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University. (2021). Sangngern, P. (Transliterate).
Tamraya Wat Phromphiram (Pharmacy Recipes of Wat Phromphiram). Khoi Book number พส.ข.0215. A Document from Art and Cultural Center of Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University. (2021). Sangngern, P. (Transliterate).
UNESCO. (2020). Basic Texts of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. (2020 ed.). Paris: UNESCO.
Vajiravudh (Rama VI), H.M.K. (1973). Lilit phayap [Prose of the northern provinces of Siam]. Bangkok: Suksapanpanit.
Ya saeng muek. (2013). Ya saeng muek in Ratchakitchanubeksa prakat Krasuang satharanasuk rueang ya saman pracham ban phaen boran [Seang Muek Medicine in the Government Gazette, Ministry of Public Health Notification, the Household Traditional Remedy]. 14 February 2013. Ministry of Public Health.
Yodkrahom, N, et al. (2021). Ingredients in Pharmacopoeia of Wat Krab Puang Neua, Amphoe Phromphiram Changwat Phitsanulok. In University of Phayao, 10th The Proceeding of Phayao Research conference 28-29 January 2021 (pp.4035-4048). Phayao: University of Phayao.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Thai Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Journal of Thai studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives4.0 Intenational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, unless otherwise stated. Plese read our Policies page for more information on Open Access, copyright and permissions.
