ผลกระทบของสภาพแวดล้อมระดับละแวกบ้านต่อการเดินพักผ่อน ในกรุงเทพมหานครในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
การศึกษาภาคตัดขวางนี้ได้สำรวจปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์ต่อการเดินพักผ่อน (leisure walking) ในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19 การศึกษานี้อ้างอิงจากสองสมมติฐานหลักดังนี้ ข้อแรก การแพร่ระบาดของโควิด-19 ส่งผลให้พฤติกรรมการเดินพักผ่อนเปลี่ยนแปลงไป และข้อที่สอง สภาพแวดล้อมระดับละแวกบ้านมีอิทธิพลต่อพฤติกรรมการเดินพักผ่อนของผู้อยู่อาศัยในเมืองในช่วงที่มีการแพร่ระบาดฯ โดยเครื่องมือที่ใช้ คือ แบบสอบถาม ด้วยการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบเจาะจง เก็บข้อมูลจากกลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือ ประชากรกรุงเทพมหานคร จำนวน 1,000 คน และการสุ่มแบบกำหนดโควต้า จากเขตทั้งหมด 50 เขต เขตละ 20 คน เมื่อเก็บข้อมูลได้แล้ว นำมาวิเคราะห์ความเชื่อถือ การแจกแจงความถี่ สถิติเชิงพรรณนา และการทดสอบไคสแควร์
ผลการศึกษา พบว่า ความถี่ของการเดินพักผ่อนลดลงในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดหนัก (พ.ศ. 2564) จากร้อยละ 41.2 ก่อนการแพร่ระบาด เหลือร้อยละ 32.1 แต่เพิ่มขึ้นเป็นร้อยละ 42.2 ในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดน้อยลง (พ.ศ. 2566) ทั้งนี้ ปัจจัยด้านสภาพแวดล้อมที่มีผลสำคัญต่อการเดินพักผ่อนในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดหนักของโควิด-19 ได้แก่ การรับรู้สภาพแวดล้อมระดับละแวกบ้านในเชิงบวก กลุ่มเขตการวางผังประเภทที่อยู่อาศัยความหนาแน่นปานกลาง ตำแหน่งที่พักอาศัยในหมู่บ้านจัดสรร การเข้าถึงสวนหรือสนามกีฬา รวมถึงการปรับปรุงสภาพแวดล้อมที่ลดปริมาณและความเร็วของการจราจร การลดลงของมลพิษทางเสียง และความสะอาดที่ดีขึ้น โดยการศึกษาได้ยืนยันว่าการปรับปรุงสภาพแวดล้อมในระดับละแวกบ้านสามารถส่งเสริมพฤติกรรมการเดินและสนับสนุนความยืดหยุ่นในช่วงวิกฤตสุขภาพ กลยุทธ์การออกแบบเมืองควรเน้นการลดผลกระทบด้านลบของสภาพแวดล้อม (การจราจร มลพิษ เสียงรบกวน) พร้อมทั้งเสริมสร้างองค์ประกอบเชิงบวก (พื้นที่สีเขียว โครงสร้างพื้นฐานที่เอื้อต่อการเดิน) เพื่อรักษาสุขภาพกายและใจในช่วงการแพร่ระบาดและสนับสนุนวิถีชีวิตที่มีสุขภาพดีในสภาวการณ์ปกติ
Article Details
อนุญาตภายใต้เงื่อนไข Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement
The copyright of this article is transferred to Journal of The Faculty of Architecture King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang with effect if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
เอกสารอ้างอิง
Ariffin, R. N. R., Rahman, N. H. A., & Zahari, R. K. (2021). Systematic Literature Review of Walkability and the Built Environment. Journal of Policy & Governance, 01(01) August 2021, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg010101
Arifwidodo, S. D., & Chandrasiri, O. (2024). Neighbourhood Walkability and Physical Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(4), 387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040387
Bayarsaikhan, T., Kim, M. H., & Gim, T. H. T. (2024). Outdoor activity and walking for leisure in the COVID-19 era: their correlates and mutual relationship. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2366817
Boakye, K., Bovbjerg, M., Schuna, J., Branscum, A., Mat-Nasir, N., Bahonar, A., Barbarash, O., Yusuf, R., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Seron, P., Rosengren, A., Yeates, K., Chifamba, J., Alhabib, K. F., Davletov, K., Keskinler, M. V., Diaz, M., Kruger, L., Li, Y., … Hystad, P. (2023). Perceived built environment characteristics associated with walking and cycling across 355 communities in 21 countries. Cities, 132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.104102
Browne, R. A. V., Cabral, L. L. P., Freire, Y. A., Macêdo, G. A. D., Oliveira, G. T. A., Vivas, A., Elsangedy, H. M., Fontes, E. B., & Costa, E. C. (2021). Housing type is associated with objectively measured changes in movement behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults with hypertension: An exploratory study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2021.104354
Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Handy, S. L. (2009). No particular place to go: An empirical analysis of travel for the sake of travel. Environment and Behavior, 41(2), 233–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916507310318
Chen, Y., Wang, B., Huang, J., Gao, H., & Shu, X. (2024). Urban physical environments promoting active leisure travel: An empirical study using crowdsourced GPS tracks and geographic big data from multiple sources. Land, 13(5), Article 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13050589
Christian, H., Knuiman, M., Divitini, M., Foster, S., Hooper, P., Boruff, B., Bull, F., & Giles-Corti, B. (2017). A longitudinal analysis of the influence of the neighborhood environment on recreational walking within the neighborhood: Results from RESIDE. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(7). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP823
Christiansen, L. B., Klein-Wengel, T. T., Koch, S., Høyer-Kruse, J., & Schipperijn, J. (2023). Recreational walking and perceived environmental qualities: a national map-based survey in Denmark. International Journal of Health Geographics, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-023-00339-2
D’Hooghe, S., Inaç, Y., Deforche, B., van Dyck, D., de Ridder, K., Vandevijvere, S., van de Weghe, N., & Dury, S. (2023). The role of the perceived environment for recreational walking among adults in socioeconomically disadvantaged situations: A study using walk-along interviews. SSM - Population Health, 23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101456
Dean, J., Biglieri, S., Drescher, M., Garnett, A., Glover, T., & Casello, J. (2020). Thinking relationally about built environments and walkability: A study of adult walking behavior in Waterloo, Ontario. Health and Place, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102352
Department of City Planning and Urban Development, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. (2022). Population Study of Bangkok Metropolis, 2021. Office of Planning and Development, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. https://webportal.bangkok.go.th/public/user_files_editor/354/aboutcpud/study%20report/2565/2.พ.ค.65-ก.ย%2065/3.ประชากรกรุงเทพมหานคร%20ปี%20พ.ศ.%202564.pdf (in Thai)
Department of Disease Control. (2021). Survey on the impact of COVID-19 on risk behaviors for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) during the COVID-19 Outbreak in April 2020. http://203.157.41.226/disease/ncdcovid19.php (in Thai)
De Vos, J., Cheng, L., & Witlox, F. (2021). Do changes in the residential location lead to changes in travel attitudes? A structural equation modeling approach. Transportation, 48(4), 2011–2034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-020-10119-7
Dias, A. F., Gaya, A. R., Santos, M. P., Brand, C., Pizarro, A. N., Fochesatto, C. F., Mendes, T. M., Mota, J., & Gaya, A. C. A. (2020). Neighborhood environmental factors associated with leisure walking in adolescents. Revista de Saude Publica, 54, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.11606/S1518-8787.2020054002222
Friederichs, S. A., Kremers, S. P., Lechner, L., & de Vries, N. K. (2013). Neighborhood walkability and walking behavior: the moderating role of action orientation. Journal of physical activity & health, 10(4), 515–522. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.4.515
Giles-Corti, B., Bull, F., Knuiman, M., McCormack, G., van Niel, K., Timperio, A., Christian, H., Foster, S., Divitini, M., Middleton, N., & Boruff, B. (2013). The influence of urban design on neighbourhood walking following residential relocation: Longitudinal results from the RESIDE study. Social Science and Medicine, 77(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.10.016
Glover, T. D. (2020). Neighboring in the time of coronavirus? Paying civil attention while walking the neighborhood. Leisure Sciences, 43(1–2), 280–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774014
Granström, F., Wenemark, M., Festin, K., Good, E., Frielingsdorf, H., Lowén, M., & Rystedt, I. (2024). Impact of the pandemic on leisure physical activity and alcohol consumption. BMC Public Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19100-w
He, H., Li, T., Yu, Y., & Lin, X. (2020). Associations between built environment characteristics and walking in older adults in a high-density city: A study from a Chinese megacity. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, Article 577140. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.577140
He, S., Yu, S., Ai, L., Dai, J., & Chung, C. K. L. (2024). The built environment, purpose-specific walking behaviour and overweight: evidence from Wuhan metropolis in central China. International Journal of Health Geographics, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-024-00361-y
Hennah, C., Ellis, G., & Doumas, M. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 on neighbourhood physical activity in older adults. Cities and Health, 7(4), 666–676. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2095881
Hong, J., McArthur, D. P., & Lee, J. (2023). Neighbourhood deprivation, changes in walking attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic and walking demand in the post-pandemic period. Cities, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104517
Hsieh, H. S., & Chuang, M. T. (2021). Association of perceived environment walkability with purposive and discursive walking for urban design strategies. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 14(1), 1099–1127. https://doi.org/10.5198/JTLU.2021.1869
Hunter, R. F., Garcia, L., de Sa, T. H., Zapata-Diomedi, B., Millett, C., Woodcock, J., Pentland, A. ’Sandy’, & Moro, E. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 response policies on walking behavior in US cities. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23937-9
Ilham, M. A., Fonzone, A., Fountas, G., & Mora, L. (2024). To move or not to move: A review of residential relocation trends after COVID-19. Cities, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105078
Kantyka, J., & Maciąg, J. (2024). Impact of Remote Working on Recreational Physical Activity (RPA) Behaviours – a Case Study of the Covid-19 Lockdown in Poland. Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research, 103(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2024-0011
Katewongsa, P., Widyastari, D. A., Saonuam, P., Haemathulin, N., & Wongsingha, N. (2021). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity of the Thai population: Evidence from Thailand’s Surveillance on Physical Activity 2020. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(3), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.10.001
Kim, D. H., & Yoo, S. (2021). Changes in urban walking before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a metropolitan city of South Korea. Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living, 1(4), 216–225.
Kim, E. J., & Gong, Y. (2024). Perceived built environments correlated to route choice for healthy leisure walking. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2024.2358208
Kim, J., Kim, J., & Autry, C. (2024). Neighbourhood characteristics, leisure-time walking, and mental health in older veterans. World Leisure Journal, 67(2), 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2024.2365221
Kleeman, A., & Foster, S. (2024). Boxed in: changes in apartment residents’ health behaviours following the COVID-19 lockdown–a longitudinal cohort study. Cities and Health, 8(2), 240–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2023.2294639
Knebel, M. T. G., Onita, B. M., Wanderley Júnior, R. d. S., Teixeira, I. P., Turrell, G., & Florindo, A. A. (2023). Public open spaces and leisure-time walking: A longitudinal study with Brazilian people in the COVID 19 pandemic. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20(1027). https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2023-0172
Lazcano, I., Doistua, J., & Madariaga, A. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Leisure among the Youth of Spain. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073993
Li, X., Farrukh, M., Lee, C., Khreis, H., Sarda, S., Sohrabi, S., Zhang, Z., & Dadashova, B. (2022). COVID-19 impacts on mobility, environment, and health of active transportation users. Cities, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103886
Liu, J., Yang, L., Xiao, L., & Tao, Z. (2022). Perceived Neighborhood Environment Impacts on Health Behavior, Multi-Dimensional Health, and Life Satisfaction. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.850923
Luo, Y., Deng, J., Pierskalla, C., Lee, J. H., & Tang, J. (2022). New ecological paradigm, leisure motivation, and wellbeing satisfaction: A comparative analysis of recreational use of urban parks before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Land, 11(8), Article 1224. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081224
Mavoa, S., Bagheri, N., Koohsari, M. J., Kaczynski, A. T., Lamb, K. E., Oka, K., O’sullivan, D., & Witten, K. (2019). How do neighbourhood definitions influence the associations between built environment and physical activity?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(9), 1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091501
Naseri, M., Delbosc, A., & Kamruzzaman, L. (2024). Did the built environment attenuate reductions in leisure walking during COVID-19? A quasi-panel study. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3977307/v1
Pitanga, F. J. G., Beck, C. C., & Pitanga, C. P. S. (2020). Should physical activity be considered essential during the COVID-19 pandemic?. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences, 33(4), 401–403. https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20200072
Ramkissoon, H. (2021). Place affect interventions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 726685. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.726685
Roche, C., Fisher, A., Fancourt, D., & Burton, A. (2022). Exploring barriers and facilitators to physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), Article 9169. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159169
Ross, A., Godwyll, J., & Searle, M. (2021). Walking mediates associations between the neighborhood environment and flourishing. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 2, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2020.100014
Saelens, B.E., Sallis, J.F., Black, J.B., & Chen, D. (2003). Neighborhood-based differences in physical activity: An environment scale evaluation. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1552-1558. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.9.1552
Seanders, O., & Maroofi, H. (2021). COVID-19 in gated community at Jakarta, Indonesia. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 737, 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/737/1/012056
Shaer, A., Rezaei, M., Moghani Rahimi, B., & Shaer, F. (2021). Examining the associations between perceived built environment and active travel, before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Shiraz city, Iran. Cities, 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103255
Spoelder, M., Schoofs, M. C. A., Raaphorst, K., Lakerveld, J., Wagtendonk, A., Hartman, Y. A. W., van der Krabben, E., Hopman, M. T. E., & Thijssen, D. H. J. (2023). A positive neighborhood walkability is associated with a higher magnitude of leisure walking in adults upon COVID-19 restrictions: a longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01512-3
Smirmaul, B. P. C., & Arena, R. (2020). The urgent need to sit less and move more during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 40(5), 287–289. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000538
Stockwell, S., Trott, M., Tully, M., Shin, J., Barnett, Y., Butler, L., McDermott, D., Schuch, F., & Smith, L. (2021). Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviours from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: A systematic review. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 7(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000960
Sugiyama, T., Cerin, E., Owen, N., Oyeyemi, A. L., Conway, T. L., van Dyck, D., Schipperijn, J., Macfarlane, D. J., Salvo, D., Reis, R. S., Mitáš, J., Sarmiento, O. L., Davey, R., Schofield, G., Orzanco-Garralda, R., & Sallis, J. F. (2014). Perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes associated with adults’ recreational walking: IPEN Adult study in 12 countries. Health and Place, 28, 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.03.003
United Nations Thailand, & Oxford Policy Management. (2020, July 1). Social Impact assessment of Covid-19 in Thailand. https://thailand.un.org/en/91973-social-impact-assessment-covid-19-thailand
Villani, C., Talamini, G., & Hu, Z. (2020). The Patterns of Stationary Activities during COVID-19 Distancing Relaxation: The elevated pedestrian network of Mong Kok, Hong Kong. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 5(15), 445–452. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2461
Wan Mohd Rani, W. N. M., Bilyamin, S. F. I., Hashim, N. I., & Paulla Dewi, S. (2022). Walkable Environment: Building resilient and healthy cities post-pandemic. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 7(19), 373–381. https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i19.3259
Yang, Y., & Diez-Roux, A. V. (2017). Adults’ daily walking for travel and leisure: Interaction between attitude toward walking and the neighborhood environment. American Journal of Health Promotion, 31(5), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117116669278
Yang, Y., & Xiang, X. (2021). Examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions, physical activity, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health and Place, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102505
Zhang, L., Zhou, S., & Kwan, M. P. (2019). A comparative analysis of the impacts of objective versus subjective neighborhood environment on physical, mental, and social health. Health and Place, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102170
Zhu, J., Kodali, H., Wyka, K. E., & Huang, T. T. K. (2023). Perceived neighborhood environment walkability and health-related quality of life among predominantly Black and Latino adults in New York City. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14973-1
