The Mediating Effect of Innovation, Family Constitution, Business Networking on Entrepreneurship and Family Business Performance
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Published:
May 1, 2020
Keywords:
innovation, family constitution, business networking, mediating and family business performance
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this research were (1) to study business environment, entrepreneurship,
innovation, family constitution, business networking and the family business performance (2) to study the mediating effect of innovation, family constitution, business networking on entrepreneurship and family business performance and (3) to analyze effect of business environment and entrepreneurship toward family business performance. It was mixed methodology research with sampling group of 500 family business entrepreneurs and received 412 responded questionnaires representing 82.40 percents from 8 provinces. The research tools were questionnaire and in-depth interview. The descriptive statistics was applied to analyze percentage, average, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, reliability, deviation and inferential statistics to analyze the effect of structural relationship with AMOS 7.0 program. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the applied variable measurement model was conformed with the theory by observed variables had solution values between .568-.987, with average variance value between .506-.879 and reliability value between .596-.998. The structural casual relationship model conformed with empirical data X 2 = 139.67, df = 119, X 2 / df = 1.18,
GFI = .942,CFI = .987, RMR= .035, RMSEA = .023 by family constitution had the highest value and followed by business performance, entrepreneurship, business environment business network and innovation. On the mediating effect of entrepreneurship and business performance revealed that family constitution had most effect toward business performance and followed by business networking. The innovation had no support on family business performance. However, there will be more competition in family business in the future. Entrepreneur ought to value the importance of creating innovation for cost reduction or in generating differentiation and value added on family business. The outcomes of both quantitative and qualitative research revealed the theoretical foundation, i.e. family constitution was the mediating factor of entrepreneurship toward the success of family business performance.
Article Details
Section
Research Articles
บทความที่ปรากฏในวารสารนี้ เป็นความรับผิดชอบของผู้เขียน ซึ่งสมาคมนักวิจัยไม่จำเป็นต้องเห็นด้วยเสมอไป การนำเสนอผลงานวิจัยและบทความในวารสารนี้ไปเผยแพร่สามารถกระทำได้ โดยระบุแหล่งอ้างอิงจาก "วารสารสมาคมนักวิจัย"
References
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Cruz, C. , & Nordqvist, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: A generational perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 33-49.
Christian, Z. ,Steve. A. , & Emanuela, C. (2004). International business cycles: What are the facts?. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(2), 257–276.
Davis, D. (2005). The learning organization and its dimensions as key factors in firm performance. A Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Studies. University of Wisconsin- Madison.
Dyer, W. G. (1986). Cultural Change in Family Firms. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. G. (2003). The family: The missing variable in organizational research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), 401–416.
Frederick H. H, Kuratko, D. F. , & Hodgetts, R. M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process and Practice. Melbourne: Nelson Australia.
Gibbons, M. (2011). Innovation and the Developing System of Knowledge Production, Brighton: Folkonomy
Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, Spring, 33 (3), 114-135.
Hernandez, I. , & Dewick, P. (2003). Structural change and the nature of innovative activity: Legal form and firm performance. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 5(2-3), 257-269.
Hornsby, J. S. , Kuratko, D. F. , & Montagno, R. V. (1999). Perception of internal factors for corporate entrepreneurship: A comparison of Canadian and U.S. managers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(2), 9–24.
Hisrich, R. D. , Peters, M. P. ,& Shepherd, D. A. ,(2010). "Entrepreneurship". New York: Mc Grew-Hill.
In won, K.. , Kun. C. L. , & Sangjae. L. (2005). KMPI: measuring knowledge management performance, Information & Management, 2(2), 469–482.
Ibrahim, A. B. (2001). Strategic Decision Making in Small Family. Proceedings of the 12th FBN Conference. Lausanne September.
Jaworski, B. , & Kohli, A. (1993). Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57(7), 53-70.
Jucevičius, G. (2008) . "The Innovation Culture in Modern Lithuanian Organizations: Values, Attitudes and Practices." Social Sciences, 1(63), 38-45.
Jatuliavičine, G., & Kučinskiene, M. (2006). Globalization drivers and their impact on Lithuanian economic growth and development. Ekonomika, 73, 24-29
Kaplan, R. S. , & Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Business Review, (1), 75-85.
Lemon, M. , & Sahota, P. S. (2004). Organizational culture as a knowledge repository for increased innovative capacity. Technovation, 24(6), 483-499.
Likert, R .N.(1970). “A Technique for the Measurement of Attitude”. Attitude Measurement. Chicago: Ronald McNally & Company
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entrepreneur’s guidebook. (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Moy, J. , & Luk, V. (2005). An exploration study: Entrepreneur’s self-efficacy, Social network (Guanxi) and HR practices in relation to firm effectiveness and intention to grow for SMEs in Hong Kong.
Department of Management, School of Business Hong Kong Baptist University. Neubaum, D. O. , Dibrell, C. , & Craig, J. B. (2012). Balancing natural environmental concerns of internal and external stakeholders in family and non-family business. Journal of Family Business
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West Publishing Company, College & School Division, (2nded), 1996-409. Perez-Luno, A. , Wiklund, J. , & Cabrera, R. V. (2011). Journal of Business Venturing. [Online] Available:
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/ref/10.1142/S1363919613500047. [2013, May 10]. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Schilling , M. A. (2008). Strategic Management of Technological Innovation. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press. Slater, S. , & Narver, J. (1995). “Market orientation and the learning organization”, Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 63–74.
Sonfield, M. C. , & Lussier, R. N. (2004). “First, second and third generation family firms: A comparison”, Family Business Review, 17(1), 189-202.
Street, C. T. , & Cameron, Ann-Frances. (2007). External relationships and the small business: A review of small business alliance and networking research.
Journal of Small Business Management, 45(2): 239-266. Scheepers, M. J. (2007). Entrepreneurial intensity: the influence of antecedents to corporate entrepreneurship in firms operating in South Africa. University of Stellenbosch.
Tanriverdi, H. , & Zehir, C. (2006). Impact of learning organization applications and market dynamism on organizations innovativeness and market performance. The Business Review Cambridge, 2(12), 238.
Tabachnick, B.G. , & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics . Using Multivariate Statistics, (5th ed.). New York: Pearson.
Voordeckers, W. , Gils, A. V. , & Jeroen Van den Heuvel. (2004). Board Composition in Small and Medium Sized Family Firms. Retrieved form [Online]. Available : https://uhdspace.uhasselt.be/dspace/bitstream/1942/1529/1/Board%20composition.pdf. [2013, May 13].
Wang, Y. , & Poutziouris, P. (2003). Michael Stone Ltd; Balancing family tradition with entrepreneurial growth.
The Growing Business Handbook. London: 137-145. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180
Wingwon, B. , & Piriyakul, M. (2010). Determinant of Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Techonology and Guanxi of Small and Medium Enterprises in Northern Region of Thailand, National Conference, National Higher Educational Academic Research Networking Annual Conference 2010, Khon Kaen University, 27th May 2010 at Kosa Hotel, Khon Kaen Province.
Wingwon, B. (2012). Effects of entrepreneurship, Organization capability, Strategic decision making and Innovation toward the competitive advantage of SMEs enterprises.
Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(1), 124-132. Yusuf, A. (2002). "Environmental uncertainty, the entrepreneurial orientation of business ventures and performance".
International Journal of Commerce and Management, 12(3/4), 83-103. Zahra, S. (1991). "Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An explorative study".
Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 259-285. Zellweger, T. M. , & Nason, R. S. (2008). A stakeholder perspective on family firm performance. Family Business Review, 21(3), 203-216.
Zimmerer, T. W. , & Scarborough, N. M. (2002). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management (3rd ed.).
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Zhou, L. , Wu, .Wei-ping. , & Luo, X. (2007). "Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: The mediating role of social networks." Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673-690
บุญฑวรรณ วิงวอน. (2554). การเป็นผู้ประกอบการเชิงกลยุทธ์. กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักพิมพ์รามคำแหง.
บุญฑวรรณ วิงวอนและณัฐวดี พัฒนโพธิ์. (2556). ภาวการณ์มุ่งเน้นการเป็นผู้ประกอบการและผลการดำเนินงาน ของวิสาหกิจขนาดกลางและขนาดย่อม:กรณีบทบาทเชื่อมโยงของนวัตกรรมองค์การ วารสารสังคมศาสตร์วิชาการ ปีที่ 6 ฉบับที่ 2 เดือนกุมภาพันธ์-พฤษภาคม หน้า 123-146.
สรรค์ชัย เตียวประเสริฐกุล. (2550). ธุรกิจครอบครัวไม่ใช่เรื่องเล่นๆ. (ออนไลน์). Available: http://www.brandage. com/Modules/Desktop Modules/Article/ ค้นเมื่อ [2555 มีนาคม 26].
อำพล นววงศ์เสถียร. (2551). ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการเติบโตที่ยั่งยืนของธุรกิจครอบครัวในตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย. วิทยานิพนธ์ดุษฎีบัณฑิต สถาบันบัณฑิตพัฒนบริหารศาสตร์.
Alvarez, S. A . , & Busenitz, L. W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory, Family Business Review, 2 (2), 167-180.
Anderson, R. C. , & Reeb, D. M. (2003). Founding-family ownership and firm performance: evidence from the S&P500. Journal of Finance, 58, 1301–1328.
Baron, R. A. , & Shane, S. A. (2008). Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective. (2nd ed.). Ohio: Thomson South-Western.
Bovee, C. L. , Thill, J. V. , Wood, M. B. , & Dovel, G. P. (1992). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Bessant, J. , & Tidd, J. (2011). Innovation and Entrepreneurship. (2rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Son.
Bygrave, W. D. , & Hofer, C. W. (1991). Theorizing about Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2), 13-68.
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Burke, W. , & Litwin, G. (1992). "A casual model of organizational performance and change," Journal of Management, 18(3), 28-46.
Beer, M. , & Walton, E. (1990). Developing competitive organization: Intervention and strategies.
American Psychologist, 45(2), 154-161. Baker, W. E. , & Sinkula, J. M. (1999). The synergistic effect of market orientation and learning orientation on organizational performance, Journal of the Academy of marketing Science, 27(4), 411-427.
Boyd, D. , & Gumpert, D. (1983), “Coping with entrepreneurial stress,” Harvard business review, (61), 44-64. Carney, M. (2005). Corporate government and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms.
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 249-265. Chetty, S. , & Blankenburg, H. D (2000), “Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms: A network approach,” International Business Review, 9(1), 77-93.
Comrey, A. L. , & Lee, H. B. (1992). A first Course in Factor Analysis. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Cruz, C. , & Nordqvist, M. (2012). Entrepreneurial orientation in family firms: A generational perspective. Small Business Economics, 38(1), 33-49.
Christian, Z. ,Steve. A. , & Emanuela, C. (2004). International business cycles: What are the facts?. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(2), 257–276.
Davis, D. (2005). The learning organization and its dimensions as key factors in firm performance. A Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Urban Studies. University of Wisconsin- Madison.
Dyer, W. G. (1986). Cultural Change in Family Firms. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. G. (2003). The family: The missing variable in organizational research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), 401–416.
Frederick H. H, Kuratko, D. F. , & Hodgetts, R. M. (2007). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process and Practice. Melbourne: Nelson Australia.
Gibbons, M. (2011). Innovation and the Developing System of Knowledge Production, Brighton: Folkonomy
Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, Spring, 33 (3), 114-135.
Hernandez, I. , & Dewick, P. (2003). Structural change and the nature of innovative activity: Legal form and firm performance. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 5(2-3), 257-269.
Hornsby, J. S. , Kuratko, D. F. , & Montagno, R. V. (1999). Perception of internal factors for corporate entrepreneurship: A comparison of Canadian and U.S. managers. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(2), 9–24.
Hisrich, R. D. , Peters, M. P. ,& Shepherd, D. A. ,(2010). "Entrepreneurship". New York: Mc Grew-Hill.
In won, K.. , Kun. C. L. , & Sangjae. L. (2005). KMPI: measuring knowledge management performance, Information & Management, 2(2), 469–482.
Ibrahim, A. B. (2001). Strategic Decision Making in Small Family. Proceedings of the 12th FBN Conference. Lausanne September.
Jaworski, B. , & Kohli, A. (1993). Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Marketing, 57(7), 53-70.
Jucevičius, G. (2008) . "The Innovation Culture in Modern Lithuanian Organizations: Values, Attitudes and Practices." Social Sciences, 1(63), 38-45.
Jatuliavičine, G., & Kučinskiene, M. (2006). Globalization drivers and their impact on Lithuanian economic growth and development. Ekonomika, 73, 24-29
Kaplan, R. S. , & Norton, D. P. (1996). Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Business Review, (1), 75-85.
Lemon, M. , & Sahota, P. S. (2004). Organizational culture as a knowledge repository for increased innovative capacity. Technovation, 24(6), 483-499.
Likert, R .N.(1970). “A Technique for the Measurement of Attitude”. Attitude Measurement. Chicago: Ronald McNally & Company
Löfsten, H. , & Lindelöf, P. (2005). Environmental hostility, strategic orientation and the importance of management accounting–empirical analysis of new technology-based firms. Technovation-An international journal of technical innovation and entrepreneurship, Elsevier Science, 25(7), 725-738.
Margarietha, J. S. (2007).“Entrepreneurial intensity: influence of antecedents to corporate entrepreneurship in firms operating in South Africa”. University of Stellenbosh.
Mark, A. A. , & Eric, W. (2003). Competitiveness of Family Businesses: Distinguishing Family Orientation and Business Orientation. Journal of Economic Literature, 14-18. Megginson, L. C., Byrd, M. J. , & Megginson, W. L. (2003). Small business management: An
entrepreneur’s guidebook. (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Moy, J. , & Luk, V. (2005). An exploration study: Entrepreneur’s self-efficacy, Social network (Guanxi) and HR practices in relation to firm effectiveness and intention to grow for SMEs in Hong Kong.
Department of Management, School of Business Hong Kong Baptist University. Neubaum, D. O. , Dibrell, C. , & Craig, J. B. (2012). Balancing natural environmental concerns of internal and external stakeholders in family and non-family business. Journal of Family Business
Strategy, 3(1), 28-37. O’Sullivan, D. , & Dooley, L. (2009). Applying Innovation. Sage Publications, Inc. Pasanen, M. (2003). "Multiple entrepreneurship among successful SMEs in peripheral locations",
Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10(4), 418-425. Peteraf, M. A. (1993). "The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. "Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191. Pitts, R. A. , & Lei, D. (1996).Building and sustaining competitive advantage. Strategic management.
West Publishing Company, College & School Division, (2nded), 1996-409. Perez-Luno, A. , Wiklund, J. , & Cabrera, R. V. (2011). Journal of Business Venturing. [Online] Available:
http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/ref/10.1142/S1363919613500047. [2013, May 10]. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Short, et al., (2011). Family Business and Market Orientation Construct Validation and Comparative Analysis. Family Business Review. 24(3), 233-251.
Schilling , M. A. (2008). Strategic Management of Technological Innovation. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
Harvard University Press. Slater, S. , & Narver, J. (1995). “Market orientation and the learning organization”, Journal of Marketing, 59(3), 63–74.
Sonfield, M. C. , & Lussier, R. N. (2004). “First, second and third generation family firms: A comparison”, Family Business Review, 17(1), 189-202.
Street, C. T. , & Cameron, Ann-Frances. (2007). External relationships and the small business: A review of small business alliance and networking research.
Journal of Small Business Management, 45(2): 239-266. Scheepers, M. J. (2007). Entrepreneurial intensity: the influence of antecedents to corporate entrepreneurship in firms operating in South Africa. University of Stellenbosch.
Tanriverdi, H. , & Zehir, C. (2006). Impact of learning organization applications and market dynamism on organizations innovativeness and market performance. The Business Review Cambridge, 2(12), 238.
Tabachnick, B.G. , & Fidell, L.S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics . Using Multivariate Statistics, (5th ed.). New York: Pearson.
Voordeckers, W. , Gils, A. V. , & Jeroen Van den Heuvel. (2004). Board Composition in Small and Medium Sized Family Firms. Retrieved form [Online]. Available : https://uhdspace.uhasselt.be/dspace/bitstream/1942/1529/1/Board%20composition.pdf. [2013, May 13].
Wang, Y. , & Poutziouris, P. (2003). Michael Stone Ltd; Balancing family tradition with entrepreneurial growth.
The Growing Business Handbook. London: 137-145. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180
Wingwon, B. , & Piriyakul, M. (2010). Determinant of Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Techonology and Guanxi of Small and Medium Enterprises in Northern Region of Thailand, National Conference, National Higher Educational Academic Research Networking Annual Conference 2010, Khon Kaen University, 27th May 2010 at Kosa Hotel, Khon Kaen Province.
Wingwon, B. (2012). Effects of entrepreneurship, Organization capability, Strategic decision making and Innovation toward the competitive advantage of SMEs enterprises.
Journal of Management and Sustainability, 2(1), 124-132. Yusuf, A. (2002). "Environmental uncertainty, the entrepreneurial orientation of business ventures and performance".
International Journal of Commerce and Management, 12(3/4), 83-103. Zahra, S. (1991). "Predictors and financial outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship: An explorative study".
Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 259-285. Zellweger, T. M. , & Nason, R. S. (2008). A stakeholder perspective on family firm performance. Family Business Review, 21(3), 203-216.
Zimmerer, T. W. , & Scarborough, N. M. (2002). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management (3rd ed.).
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Zhou, L. , Wu, .Wei-ping. , & Luo, X. (2007). "Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: The mediating role of social networks." Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673-690