Public Service Motivation among the Millennials of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) Public Officials during Covid-19 Pandemic

Main Article Content

Panapa Chintaradeja
Supachai Yavaprabhas

Abstract

This research article to were objective 1)To explore the type of public service motivation factor which motivates Gen Y BMA official to work in public sector during covid-19 pandemic according to Perry & Wise (1990). 2. To explore the additional type of motivation factors which motivates Gen Y BMA official to work in public sector during covid-19 pandemic. Method use  quantitative approach, this study employed a survey design by distributing questionnaire for collecting data. The distribution of questionnaires has been done manually and also distributing online using Google form. The period of data collection takes six weeks to be completed. Then, a multi-stage random sampling technique is adopted to obtain 381 respondents from BMA Departments which comprised of 1) Head of BMA 144 people 2) District office 68 people 3) School 132 people 4) Hospital 37 people participated in this study. Goal of this study is to look into what motivates Gen Y millennials working in the public sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used in this study. In quantitative analysis using data from multi-stage samples of millennials working in the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), Thailand, the authors discovered that BMA millennials score high in all four public sector motivating factors (PSM) identified by Perry and Wise (1990). "Compassion" is the most important of the four PSM factors. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis reveals that welfare, job security, societal benefit, honorable career, beloved job, dream job, parental socialization, career path, working time, and retirement plan are the additional factors that motivate BMA millennials, in that order. In the final finding, it reveals interestingly that work-life balance is the motivation factor for BMA officials. It allows BMA officials to structure their working days around their out-of-work life. To demonstrate, half of these young professionals felt they are able to maintain a healthy balance between work and their personal lives

Article Details

Section
Research Articles

References

Acker, W. V. (2020). What do we know about Public Service Motivation in the developing world?. Worldbank Org. : Governance for Development.

AIF, A. I. (2016). Gen Y in the Worklace :a perspective from Thailand. The Asian Institute of Finance (AIF), in collaboration with Chiang Mai University.

Anger, J. (2018). Time to step away from the ‘bright, shiny things’? Towards a sustainable model of journalism innovation in an era of perpetual change. Journalism Innovation Project, (Nov 2018).

Aperian. (2021). Attracting and Retaining Millennials in the Global Workplace.

BangkokPost. (2020). Thai millennials setting aside for the future. Bangkok: Bangkok Post.

Bellé, N. (2013). Experimental evidence on the relationship between public service motivation and job performance. . Public Administration Review , 143–153.

Brewer, G. A., Selden, S. C., & Facer , R. l. (2000). Individual Conceptions of Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review • May/ June : Vol. 60, No. 3, 254-264.

Bright, L. (2005). Public Employees With High Levels of Public Service Motivation Who Are They, Where Are They, and What do They Want? Review of Public Personnel Administration, Vol. 25, No. 2 June, 138-154.

Bright, L. (2021). Why Does PSM Lead to Higher Work Stress? Exploring the Role that Organizational Identity Theory has on the Relationship between Public Service Motivation and External-Related Stress among Federal Government Employees. Public Organization Review .

Chang, Y., & Ryu, S. (2017). Motivation to Choose a Public Service Career in Developing Countries: Focused on Philippines, Bangladesh. Economics & Management Series EMS, 1-26.

Chen, Don Yun, Xu, Chengwei, Chen, & Chung An. (2018). Applying self determination theory to understand public employee’s motivation for a public service career : an east Asian case [Taiwan]. Public Performance and Management Review 41(2), 41(2), 365 389.

Chintaradeja, P. (2021). Millennial’s public service motivation in Urban Bangkok. Journal of Local Management and Development Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University. V.1(2). July – December, 28-38.

Clerkin, R. M., & Fotheringham, E. (2017). Exploring the relationship between public service motivation and formal and informal volunteering . Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 3(1), 23-29.

Corduneanu, R., Dudau, A., & Kominis, G. (2020). Crowding-in or crowding-out: the contribution of self-determination theory to public service motivation. Public Management Review, 22(7), 1070-1089.

Crewson, P. (1997). Public-Service Motivation: Building Empirical Evidence of Incidence and effect. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 4, 499-518.

Decremer, J. (2019). Public service motivation : Interview questions for prospective members. NVFC.

Deloitte. (2021). The Deloitte Global 2021 Millennial and Gen Z Survey. Deloitte.

Devex. (Access on OCT,2021). Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. https://www.devex.com/organizations/bangkok-metropolitan-administration-121437.

Fernandes, A., T. (2009). Public service motivation and determining factors to attract and retain health professionals in the public sector: A systematic review. Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 95.

Gabris, G. & Simo, G.S. (1995). Public Sector Motivation as an Independent Variable Affecting Career Decisions. Public Personel Management. (24), 33-51.

Gan, K.-P., Lin, Y., & Wang, Q. (2020). Public Service Motivation and Turnover Intention: Testing the Mediating Effects of Job Attitudes. Frontiers in Psychology, 1-14.

Gao, J. (2015). Public Service Motivation: A Cross-National Examination of East Asian Countries. Knoxville: University of Tennessee.

Greentree, V. W. (2011). Choosing to Serve: Modeling Antecedents of Public Service Motivation in Undergraduate Students. Old Dominion University.

Hays, J. B. (2013). An investigation of the motivation of management accountants to report fraudulent accounting activity: Applying the theory of planned behavior. Nova Southeastern University.

Henstra, D., & McGowan, R. A. (2016). Millennials and public service : An exploratory analysis of graduate student career motivations and expectations. Public Administration Quarterly, 490-516.

Houston, D. J. (2000). Public-Service Motivation: A Multivariate Test. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 713-727.

Houston, D. J. (2011). Implications of occupational locus and focus for public service motivation: attitudes toward work motives across nations. Public Adm. Rev. 71, 761-771.

Jindal, P., & Nalluri, P. (2019). The Motivational Preferences of Gen Y: An empirical Study on Recent Changes in Motivation of Gen Y. Gavesana Journal of Management / Vol. 11. Issue 1. January - June.

Kaipeng, G., Linghua, L., & Qiu, W. (2013). Public Service Motivation Measurement: A Test for Perry's Proposed Scale in China. Public Administration In The Time Of Regional Change (ICPM), 8-12.

Kim, S. (2009a). Testing the Structure of Public Service Motivation in Korea: A Research Note. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19(4), 839-851.

Kim, S. (2009b). The American Review of Public Administration. Revising Perry's Measurement Scale of Public Service Motivation, 149-163.

Kim, S. (2011). Testing a revised measure of public service motivation: Reflective versus formative specification. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(3), 521-546.

Kim, S. (2016). Job characteristics, Public Service Motivation, and work performance in Korea. ns Gestion et management public (Volume 5 / n° 1), 7-24.

Kim, S., & Vandenabeele, W. (2009). A Strategy for Building Public Service Motivation Research Internationally. Indiana: International Public Service Motivation Research Conference, Indiana University, Indiana, June 7 – 9.

Kim, S., & Vandenabeele, W. (2010). A Strategy for Building Public Service Motivation Research Internationally. Public Administration Review 70(5), 701 - 709.

Kimotho, W. M. (2018). Motivational factors affecting performance of the millennial generation in the intergovernmental organizations : A case of the United Nations. Africa : Umoted States International University.

LANE4. (2020, October). COVID-19: Young people suffer most from lack of motivation at work. Retrieved from https://www.relocatemagazine.com/articles/covid-19-young-people-suffer-most-from-lack-of-motivation-at-work-1020

Lee, H. J., Kim, M. Y., Park, S. M., & Robertson, P. J. (2020). Public service motivation and innovation in the Korean and Chinese public sectors: Exploring the role of Confucian values and social capital. International Public Management Journal, 23(4), 496-534.

Leisink, P., & Steijn, B. (2009). Public service motivation and job performance of public sector employees in the Netherlands. International review of administrative sciences, 75(1), 35-52.

Linga, E. A. (2019). The Relationship Between Public Service Motivation, Monetary Compensation and Work Performance of Los Angeles County Employees. Northridge : : California State University.

Liu, B., Tang, N., & Zhu, X. (2008). Public service motivation and job satisfaction in China : An investigation of generalisability and instrumentality. International Journal of Manpower • November, 684-699.

Lou, E. (2017). Why Millennials Want More Than Just Work: The Importance Of Your 'Double Bottom Line'. Forbes.

Machado, d. L., M, Soares, V. M., Brites, R, O. M. R. (2011). A look to academics job satisfaction and motivation in Portuguese higher education institutions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1715-1724.

Mayangdarastri, S., & Khusna, K. (2020). Retaining Millennials Engagement and wellbeing through career path and development. Journal of Leadership in Organizations.

Miao, Q., Eva, N., Newman , A., & Schwarz, G. (2019). Public service motivation and performance: The role of organizational identification. Public Money & Management, 39:2, 77-85.

MonkeyLearnInc. (2022). Word Cloud Guide & Free Word Cloud Generator for 2020. Retrieved from https://monkeylearn.com/word-clouds/

Morales, J. (2019). The X,Y,Zs: Understanding Generational Differences in Public Service Motivation. Northridge : California State University.

Moynihan, D. P., & Sanjay, P. (2007). The Role of Organizations in Fostering Public Service Motivation. Public Administration Review. 67 (1, 40-53.

Murphy, M. (2018 , OCT 28). FORBES. Retrieved from These Are Millennials' Top Three Motivational Drivers At Work: https://www.forbes.com/sites/markmurphy/2018/10/28/these-are-millennials-top-three-motivational-drivers-at-work/?sh=6f32e98e4744

Naff, K. C., & Crum, J. (1999). Working for America: Does public service motivation make a difference? Review of public personnel administration, 19(4), 5-16.

Najam, B., & Ghaza, S. (2022). A Qualitative Exploration of the Outcome Expectations in Determining Career Choices of College Students. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 10, Number 1, 162-171.

Ng, E. S., & Gossett, C. W. (2013). Career Choice in Canadian Public Service: An Exploration of Fit With the Millennial Generation. Public Personnel Management 42(3), 337–358.

Ng, E.S, Schweitzer, L., Lyons, & S.T. (2010). New generation, great expectations: A field study of the millennial generation . Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 2, 281-292.

Paarlberg, Laurie , E., Perry, J. L., & Hondeghem, A. (2008). From theory to practice: Strategies for applying public service motivation. Motivation in public management: The call of public service, 268-293.

Perry, J. L. (1997). Antecedents of public service motivation. Journal of public administration research and theory, 7(2), 181-197.

Perry, J. L. (2000). Bringing society in: Toward a theory of public-service motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 471-488.

Perry, J. L., & Hondeghem, A. (2008). Building theory and empirical evidence about public service motivation. International public management journal, 11(1), 3-12.

Perry, J., & Wise, L. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review 50, 367-373.

Perry. (1996). Measuring public service motivation: An assessment of construct validity. Journal of Public Administration esearch and Theory 6, 5-22.

Prysmakova, P. (2013). Public Service Motivation in Europe: Testing Attitudes toward Work Motives. Florida: Florida International University.

Rainey, G. H. (1982). Reward preferences among public and private managers: In search of the service ethic. American Review of Public Administration, 16, 288-302.

Riba, C., & Ballart, X. (2016). Public Service Motivation of Spanish High Civil Servants. Measurement and Effects. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 154, 65-82.

Ritz, A. (2011). Attraction to public policy-making: a qualitative inquiry into improvements in PSM measurement. Public Adm. 89, 1128-1147.

Ruttanachon, C. (2018). Welfare needs in generations of support staff of Prince of Songkla University. Songkla : Prince of Songkla University.

Ryu, G. (2014). Rethinking Public Service Motivation from the Perspective of Person-Environment Fit: Complementary or Supplementary Relationship? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 1 –18.

Saeed, M. E., Noor Awanis Muslim, Ameerul Haqeem Abd Rahim, Maizatul Akmar Mohd Rasli, Fadhilah Abdul Ghani, & Nik Amirul Zhoriff Ahmad Redzuan. (2018). Millennials Motivation Factors and Job Retention: An Evidence from Oil and Gas Company in Malaysia. Global Business & Management Research SpecialIssue, Vol. 10 Issue 3, 761-767.

Schott, C., Kleef, V., D, D., & Steen, T. (2015). What does it mean and imply to be public service motivated? The American Review of Public Administration, 45(6), 689-707.

Soliman, E., & Altabtai, H. (2021). Employee motivation in construction companies in Kuwait. International Journal of Construction Management.

Staats, E. (1988). Public Service and the Public Interest. Public Administration Review. Volume 48, 601-605.

StarrWrightUSA. (2019). Motivating the Millennial Generation of Federal Employees. Starr Wright USA.

Suluh, D., Dewi, K., Nurmandi, A., & Mutiarin, D. (2020). Antecedents of Public Service Motivation of Muslim-Majority Countries in Southeast Asia (Indonesia and Malaysia). International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24(06), 12419-12432.

Syamsir. (2016). The Influence of Public Service Motivation on Service Quality of Civil Servants in West Sumatra Indonesia. European Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 33-41.

Taylor, J. (2014). Public service motivation, relational job design, and job satisfaction in local government. Public Admin. 92, 902-918.

ThaiPBSworld. (2020). NESDB’s proposal for Thailand’s Generation Y. Bangkok: Thai Public Broadcasting.

Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, S. M. (2008). Generational differences in psychological traits and their impact on the workplace. Journal of managerial psychology.

Väätäinen, I. (2019). GENERATION Y AND THEIR WORK MOTIVATION: How do they perceive their own motivation towards work? Finland: Faculty of Social Sciences and Business Studies : University of Eastern Finland.

Van, W. d., & Zeger. (2015). All quiet on the non-Western front?” A review of public service motivation scholarship in non-Western contexts. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration 37.2, 69-86.

Vandenabeele, W. (2007). Toward a public administration theory of public service motivation: An institutional approach. Public management review, 9(4), 545-556.

Vandenabeele, W. (2008). Development of a Public Service Motivation Measurement Scale: Corroborating and Extending Perry's Measurement Instrument. International Public Management Journal 11(1), 143-167.

Ward, K. D., & K., M. S. (2020). Public service motivation among nonprofit board members and the influence of primary sector of employment. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 1–23.

Waters, S. (2021, August 12). Millennial employment: Do we finally understand them (us)? Retrieved from BetterUp: https://www.betterup.com/blog/millennial-employment