STRUCTURE AND AGENCY OF WAT BANG HUA SUEA AMULET NETWORK IN PHAPRADAENG DISTRICT, SAMUTPRAKAN PROVINCE

Abstract

This research article aimed to 1. examine the development and transformation of sacred amulets from Wat Bang Hua Suea, Phra Pradaeng District, Samut Prakan Province; 2. analyze the structural context of these amulets; and 3. identify key actors involved in their creation and distribution. Employing a qualitative approach, the study utilized documentary analysis and field research, including in-depth interviews, participant observation, and focus group discussions with five target groups comprising 15 participants. Data were interpreted and presented using descriptive narrative analysis.

The findings revealed three key aspects: First, the development and changes of the amulets across different eras encompassed five dimensions creation purpose, production methods, consecration ceremony characteristics, types of amulets, and the imagery portrayed. These transformations were driven by the adaptation of revered monks, changing times, and evolving production techniques. Second, the structural context surrounding the amulets also shifted in five domains: political governance, economic and social systems, religion, education, and media-technology. These were categorized into three periods: 1. the foundational era, where the temple functioned as the community’s core amidst underdeveloped structures; 2. the infrastructure development era, where the temple gradually assumed an organizational role; and 3. the era of industrial and technological expansion, where the area evolved into an urbanized industrial zone, and the temple became a legal entity. Third, the involved actors were classified into four groups: 1. amulet creators, who demonstrated proactive adaptation and used the amulets as tools for religious, historical, and economic engagement; 2. amulet users, who maintained personal belief-based practices with limited change; 3. producers, who adopted a business-oriented approach, establishing production networks and systematic marketing; and 4. supporters, who gained significant influence during the industrial era, effectively negotiating with temples in the amulet-making process.