Multi-sited Ethnography in the Study of Agrarian Transformation in Northeastern Thai-Lao Borderlands
Keywords:
Multi-sited ethnography, Transborder Lao peasant-workersAbstract
This paper illustrates the methodological and theoretical challenges I encountered in my research on agrarian transformation in Northeast Thailand and Lao borderlands. It problematizes the methodologies in agrarian studies that in some the borderland context, ethnography or an in-depth study in one particular place is not enough to understand the nature of transnationalisation and diffusion of the borderlands. Looking at borderlands as the relational spaces, the author applies multi-sited ethnography and followed people from the border to their home villages and Bangkok. This paper reveals challenges and new perspectives the author has learned from multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork.
References
ภาษาไทย
จักรกริช สังขมณี. 2551. “พรมแดนศึกษาและมานุษยวิทยาชายแดน : การเปิดพื้นที่สร้างเขตแดน และการข้ามพรมแดนของความรู้”. วารสารสังคมศาสตร์ ฉบับพิเศษข้ามพรมแดนความรู้แห่งสังคมศาสตร์ ไทย : 60 ปี อานันท์ กาญจนพันธุ์ 20 (2) : 208-226.
ฉัตรทิพย์ นาถสุภา. 2526. เศรษฐกิจหมู่บ้านไทยในอดีต. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักพิมพ์สร้างสรรค์.
ฉัตรทิพย์ นาถสุภา และสมภพ มานะรังสรรค์ (บก.). 2527. ประวัติศาสตร์เศรษฐกิจไทยจนถึง พ.ศ.2484. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์.
ไชยณรงค์ เศรษฐเชื้อ. 2552. พื้นที่ อำนาจ และวิถีการดำรงชีวิตของผู้คนบริเวณพรมแดน
กัมพูชา-ลาว ภายใต้กระแสการพัฒนาอนุภูมิภาคลุ่มน้ำโขง. วิทยานิพนธ์ดุษฎีบัณฑิต มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม.
สุรชาติ บำรุงสุข. 2539. จากสงครามเย็นสู่สันติภาพเย็น ความสืบเนื่องและความเปลี่ยนแปลงของปัญหาความมั่นคงไทยใน ค.ศ.2000. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักงานการส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนการวิจัย.
ภาษาอังกฤษ
Abraham, Itty and William van Schendel (eds.). 2005. Illicit flows and criminal
things. States, borders and the other side of globalization. Bloomington :
Indiana University Press.
Alexandra, Monica. 2012. “Stories of upward social mobility and migration in one
Romanian commune. On the emergence of “rurban” spaces in migrantsending
communities”, Eastern Journal of European Studies, 3 (2) : 141-160.
Anan Ganjanapan. 1984. The Parital Commercialization of Rice Production
in Northern Thailand (1900-1981). Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University.
Atchara Rakyutidham. 2009. “Making of Community” in a Commercialized
Community in Northern Thailand”, Southeast Asian Studies 47 (1) :89-110.
Bernstein, Henry and Byres, T.J. 2001. “From Peasant Studies to Agrarian Change”,
Journal of Agrarian Change 1 (1) : 1-56.
Blanco, James. Tongan Guestworkers in Australia. BA Hons dissertation,
the University of Sydney.
Brookfield, Harold. 2008. “Family Farms Are Still Around : Time to Invert the Old
Agrarian Question”, Geography Compass 2 (1) : 108-126.
Byres, Terebce. 1996. Capitalism From Above and Capitalism From Below.London Macmillan.
Chatthip Nartsupha. 1986. The village economy in pre-capitalist Thailand. In Seri
Phongphit (Ed.), Back to the Roots : Village and Self-reliance in a Thai Context, pp. 155-165. Rural Development Documentation Centre : Bangkok.
Constant, Amelie F, Olga Nottmeyer and Klaus F. Zimmermann. 2012.The Economic of Circular Migration. http://ftp.iza.org/dp6940.pdf, 12 January 2013.
Clifford, James and George E. Marcus. 1986. Writing Culture : The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley : University of California press.
Das, Vera and Deborah Poole. 2004. State and its Margins : Comparative Ethnographies in Vera Das and Deborah Poole (eds.), Anthropology in the Margins of the State, pp.2-32. New Mexico : School of American Research Press.
Donna, Hasting and Thomas Wilson. 1994. “An Anthropology of Frontiers”
In Donnan Hasting and Thomas Wilson (eds.), Border Approaches : Anthropological Perspectives on Frontiers, pp.1-14. Lan ham, MD : University Press of America.
Elson, Robert. 1997. The End of the Peasantry in Southeast Asia : A Social and
Economic History of Peasant Livelihood, 1800-1990s. London : Macmillan Press.
Evans, Grant. 1995. Lao Peasants under Socialism and Post-socialism. Chiang Mai :
Silkworm Books.
Falzon, Mark Anthony. 2005. Cosmopolitan Connections : The Sindhi Diaspora,
1860- 2000. New Delhi : Oxford University Press.
Falzon, Mark Anthony. 2009. Introduction : Multi-sited Ethnography : Theory,
Praxis and Locality in Contemporary Research in Mark-Anthony Falzon (ed.), Multi-sited Ethnography : Theory, Praxis and Locality in Contemporary
Research, pp. 1-24. Farnham : Ashgate.
Grandstaff, Terry et al. 2009. “Rainfed Revolution in Northeast Thailand”, Southeast
Asian Studies 46 (3) : 289-276.
Harding, Neil. 1986. Lenin’s Political Thought. London : Macmillan.
Hart, Gillian, Andrew Turton and Benjamin White (eds). 1989. Agrarian Transformations : Local processes and the state in Southeast Asia. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Hirsch, Philip. 1990. Development Dilemmas in Rural Thailand. Singapore :
Oxford University Press.
Hirsch, Philip. 2011. Afterward : Re-agrarianisation or Repositioning Agrarian
in Chayan Vaddhanaphuti and Chusak Wittayapak (eds.), Revisiting Agrarian
Transformation in the Greater Mekong Sub-region : New Challenges, pp. 185-
188. Chiang Mai : RCSD.
Holsti, Kal. 2004. Taming the Sovereigns : Institutional Change in International
Politics. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Jakkrit Sangkhamanee. 2009. Mekong Border Riverscape : Space and Identity
Construction of the Lao Long-distance Boat Traders. Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.
Marx, Karl, Friedrich Engels and Robert C. Tucker. 1978. The Marx-Engels Reader.
New York : Norton.
Kautsky, Karl. 1988. The Agrarian Question. London : Zwan Publications.
Kelly, Philip. “Migration, Agrarian Transition and Rural Change in Southeast Asia”,
Critical Asian Studies 43 (4) : 479-506.
Latt, Sai. 2009. “Ethnic Politics, Migrant Labour and Agrarian Transformation :
A Case Study of the Hmong and Shan in a Royal Project in Northern Thailand”, CHATSEA Working Papers. Montreal : Canada.
Long, Millard. 1966. “Economic Development in Northeast Thailand : Problems
and Prospects”, Asian Survey 6(7) : 355-361.
Massey, Doreen. 1999. Imagining Globalization : Power-Geometries of Time-Space
in Avtar Brah et al (eds.), Global Futures, pp. 27-44. London : Macmillan.
Massey, Doreen. 2005. For Space. London : Sage.
Marcus, George. 1995. “Ethnography of the World System : The Emergence of
Multi-Sited Ethnography”, Annual Review Anthropology 24 : 95-117.
Natedao Taotawin. 2012. Politics of Organic Agriculture in the Context of Flexible
Accumulation an Agricultural Restructuring in Northeastern Thailand. Ph.D.
Thesis, Chiang Mai University.
Pakakrong Makpun. 2008. Voices from the Mekong : Social Networking
and Identity Negotiation in the Era of Regional Development in a Thai-Lao
Border Community. M.A. dissertation, Chiang Mai University.
Parnwell, Michael. 1988. “Rural Poverty, Development and the Environment :
The Case of North-East Thailand”, Journal of Biogeography 15 (1) : 199-208.
Parternan, Ulla. 2009. “Dynamics of Migrant Labour in Rural Areas”, a paper
presented at the EUSA Conference, Los Angeles, USA.
Pitch Phongsawas. 2008. Border Partial Citizenship, Border Towns and
Thai-Myanmar Cross-Border Development : Case Studies at the Thai
Border Towns. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California Berkley.
Rehbein, Boike. 2007. Globalization, Culture and Society in Laos. London :
Routledge.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1985. “The role of the environment in limiting the adoption of
new rice technology in Northeastern Thailand”, Transactions of the Institute of
British Geographers10 (4) : 481-494.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1986. “Innovation and intensification in Northeastern Thailand :
Brookfield applied”, Pacific Viewpoint 27 (1) : 29-45.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1994. “Redefining the Village and Rural Life : Lessons from
South East Asia”, in The Geographical Journal 160 (2) : 123-135.
Rigg, Jonathan. 2001. More Than the Soil : Rural Change in Southeast Asia.
Essex : Pearson Education.
Rigg, Jonathan. 2003. Southeast Asia, The human Landscape of Modernization
and Development. New York : Routledge.
Rigg, Jonathan and Peter Vandergeest. 2012. The Restudy “Problem” and Agrarian
Change : Revisiting Rural Places in Southeast Asia in Jonathan Rigg and Peter Vandergeest (eds.), Revisiting Rural Places : Pathways to Poverty
and Prosperity in Southeast Asia, pp. 1-24. Singapore : NUS Press.
Rigg, Jonathan and Sakunee Nattapoolwat. 2001. “Embracing the global in Thailand : activism pragmatism in an era of de-agrarianisation”, World Development 29 (6) : 945-960.
Rigg, Jonathan and Mark Ritchie. 2002. “Production, consumption and imagination
in rural Thailand”, Journal of Rural Studies 18 (4) : 359-371.
Scott, James. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant : Rebellion and Subsistence
in Southeast Asia. New Heaven : Yale University Press.
Sturgeon, Janet. 2007. Border landscapes : The politics of Akha land use in China and Thailand. Chiang Mai : Silkworm Book
.
Thongchai, Winichakul. 1994. Siam mapped : A History of the Geobody of
a Nation. Chiang Mai : Silkworm Book.
Turton, Andrew. 1978. The Current Situation in the Thai Countryside in Andrew
Turton, Jonathan Fast and Malcolm Caldwell (eds.), Thailand : Roots of Conflict, pp. 104-142. Nottingham : Spokesman.
Turton, Andrew. 1979. Local Powers and Rural Differentiation in Andrew Turton,
Gillian Hart and Benjamin White (eds.), Agrarian Transformation : Local Process and the State in Southeast Asia, pp. 53-69. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Vandergeest, Peter and Nancy Peluzo. 1995. “Territorialization and State Power
in Thailand”, Theory and Society 24 : 385-426.
UNDP. 2010. Human Development Report 2010. New York : Palgrave
and Macmillan.
Walker, Andrew. 1999. The Legend of the Golden Boat : Regulation, Trade and
Traders in the Borderlands of Laos, Thailand, China and Burma. Surrey :
Curzon Press.
Walker, Andrew. 2012. Political Peasants : Power in the Modern Rural Economy.
Wisconsin : University of Wisconsin Press.
World Bank. 2006. Labour Migration in the Greater Mekong Sub-region : Synthesis
Report : Phase I. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTHAILAND/Resources/
333200-1089943634036/475256-1151398858396/LM_in_GMSs_Nov06.pdf,
20 May 2013.
Yos Santasombat. 2008. Flexible Peasants : Reconceptualizing the Third World’s
Rural Types. Chiang Mai : RCSD
จักรกริช สังขมณี. 2551. “พรมแดนศึกษาและมานุษยวิทยาชายแดน : การเปิดพื้นที่สร้างเขตแดน และการข้ามพรมแดนของความรู้”. วารสารสังคมศาสตร์ ฉบับพิเศษข้ามพรมแดนความรู้แห่งสังคมศาสตร์ ไทย : 60 ปี อานันท์ กาญจนพันธุ์ 20 (2) : 208-226.
ฉัตรทิพย์ นาถสุภา. 2526. เศรษฐกิจหมู่บ้านไทยในอดีต. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักพิมพ์สร้างสรรค์.
ฉัตรทิพย์ นาถสุภา และสมภพ มานะรังสรรค์ (บก.). 2527. ประวัติศาสตร์เศรษฐกิจไทยจนถึง พ.ศ.2484. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์.
ไชยณรงค์ เศรษฐเชื้อ. 2552. พื้นที่ อำนาจ และวิถีการดำรงชีวิตของผู้คนบริเวณพรมแดน
กัมพูชา-ลาว ภายใต้กระแสการพัฒนาอนุภูมิภาคลุ่มน้ำโขง. วิทยานิพนธ์ดุษฎีบัณฑิต มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม.
สุรชาติ บำรุงสุข. 2539. จากสงครามเย็นสู่สันติภาพเย็น ความสืบเนื่องและความเปลี่ยนแปลงของปัญหาความมั่นคงไทยใน ค.ศ.2000. กรุงเทพฯ : สำนักงานการส่งเสริมและสนับสนุนการวิจัย.
ภาษาอังกฤษ
Abraham, Itty and William van Schendel (eds.). 2005. Illicit flows and criminal
things. States, borders and the other side of globalization. Bloomington :
Indiana University Press.
Alexandra, Monica. 2012. “Stories of upward social mobility and migration in one
Romanian commune. On the emergence of “rurban” spaces in migrantsending
communities”, Eastern Journal of European Studies, 3 (2) : 141-160.
Anan Ganjanapan. 1984. The Parital Commercialization of Rice Production
in Northern Thailand (1900-1981). Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University.
Atchara Rakyutidham. 2009. “Making of Community” in a Commercialized
Community in Northern Thailand”, Southeast Asian Studies 47 (1) :89-110.
Bernstein, Henry and Byres, T.J. 2001. “From Peasant Studies to Agrarian Change”,
Journal of Agrarian Change 1 (1) : 1-56.
Blanco, James. Tongan Guestworkers in Australia. BA Hons dissertation,
the University of Sydney.
Brookfield, Harold. 2008. “Family Farms Are Still Around : Time to Invert the Old
Agrarian Question”, Geography Compass 2 (1) : 108-126.
Byres, Terebce. 1996. Capitalism From Above and Capitalism From Below.London Macmillan.
Chatthip Nartsupha. 1986. The village economy in pre-capitalist Thailand. In Seri
Phongphit (Ed.), Back to the Roots : Village and Self-reliance in a Thai Context, pp. 155-165. Rural Development Documentation Centre : Bangkok.
Constant, Amelie F, Olga Nottmeyer and Klaus F. Zimmermann. 2012.The Economic of Circular Migration. http://ftp.iza.org/dp6940.pdf, 12 January 2013.
Clifford, James and George E. Marcus. 1986. Writing Culture : The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley : University of California press.
Das, Vera and Deborah Poole. 2004. State and its Margins : Comparative Ethnographies in Vera Das and Deborah Poole (eds.), Anthropology in the Margins of the State, pp.2-32. New Mexico : School of American Research Press.
Donna, Hasting and Thomas Wilson. 1994. “An Anthropology of Frontiers”
In Donnan Hasting and Thomas Wilson (eds.), Border Approaches : Anthropological Perspectives on Frontiers, pp.1-14. Lan ham, MD : University Press of America.
Elson, Robert. 1997. The End of the Peasantry in Southeast Asia : A Social and
Economic History of Peasant Livelihood, 1800-1990s. London : Macmillan Press.
Evans, Grant. 1995. Lao Peasants under Socialism and Post-socialism. Chiang Mai :
Silkworm Books.
Falzon, Mark Anthony. 2005. Cosmopolitan Connections : The Sindhi Diaspora,
1860- 2000. New Delhi : Oxford University Press.
Falzon, Mark Anthony. 2009. Introduction : Multi-sited Ethnography : Theory,
Praxis and Locality in Contemporary Research in Mark-Anthony Falzon (ed.), Multi-sited Ethnography : Theory, Praxis and Locality in Contemporary
Research, pp. 1-24. Farnham : Ashgate.
Grandstaff, Terry et al. 2009. “Rainfed Revolution in Northeast Thailand”, Southeast
Asian Studies 46 (3) : 289-276.
Harding, Neil. 1986. Lenin’s Political Thought. London : Macmillan.
Hart, Gillian, Andrew Turton and Benjamin White (eds). 1989. Agrarian Transformations : Local processes and the state in Southeast Asia. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Hirsch, Philip. 1990. Development Dilemmas in Rural Thailand. Singapore :
Oxford University Press.
Hirsch, Philip. 2011. Afterward : Re-agrarianisation or Repositioning Agrarian
in Chayan Vaddhanaphuti and Chusak Wittayapak (eds.), Revisiting Agrarian
Transformation in the Greater Mekong Sub-region : New Challenges, pp. 185-
188. Chiang Mai : RCSD.
Holsti, Kal. 2004. Taming the Sovereigns : Institutional Change in International
Politics. New York : Cambridge University Press.
Jakkrit Sangkhamanee. 2009. Mekong Border Riverscape : Space and Identity
Construction of the Lao Long-distance Boat Traders. Saarbrücken : VDM Verlag Dr. Müller.
Marx, Karl, Friedrich Engels and Robert C. Tucker. 1978. The Marx-Engels Reader.
New York : Norton.
Kautsky, Karl. 1988. The Agrarian Question. London : Zwan Publications.
Kelly, Philip. “Migration, Agrarian Transition and Rural Change in Southeast Asia”,
Critical Asian Studies 43 (4) : 479-506.
Latt, Sai. 2009. “Ethnic Politics, Migrant Labour and Agrarian Transformation :
A Case Study of the Hmong and Shan in a Royal Project in Northern Thailand”, CHATSEA Working Papers. Montreal : Canada.
Long, Millard. 1966. “Economic Development in Northeast Thailand : Problems
and Prospects”, Asian Survey 6(7) : 355-361.
Massey, Doreen. 1999. Imagining Globalization : Power-Geometries of Time-Space
in Avtar Brah et al (eds.), Global Futures, pp. 27-44. London : Macmillan.
Massey, Doreen. 2005. For Space. London : Sage.
Marcus, George. 1995. “Ethnography of the World System : The Emergence of
Multi-Sited Ethnography”, Annual Review Anthropology 24 : 95-117.
Natedao Taotawin. 2012. Politics of Organic Agriculture in the Context of Flexible
Accumulation an Agricultural Restructuring in Northeastern Thailand. Ph.D.
Thesis, Chiang Mai University.
Pakakrong Makpun. 2008. Voices from the Mekong : Social Networking
and Identity Negotiation in the Era of Regional Development in a Thai-Lao
Border Community. M.A. dissertation, Chiang Mai University.
Parnwell, Michael. 1988. “Rural Poverty, Development and the Environment :
The Case of North-East Thailand”, Journal of Biogeography 15 (1) : 199-208.
Parternan, Ulla. 2009. “Dynamics of Migrant Labour in Rural Areas”, a paper
presented at the EUSA Conference, Los Angeles, USA.
Pitch Phongsawas. 2008. Border Partial Citizenship, Border Towns and
Thai-Myanmar Cross-Border Development : Case Studies at the Thai
Border Towns. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California Berkley.
Rehbein, Boike. 2007. Globalization, Culture and Society in Laos. London :
Routledge.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1985. “The role of the environment in limiting the adoption of
new rice technology in Northeastern Thailand”, Transactions of the Institute of
British Geographers10 (4) : 481-494.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1986. “Innovation and intensification in Northeastern Thailand :
Brookfield applied”, Pacific Viewpoint 27 (1) : 29-45.
Rigg, Jonathan. 1994. “Redefining the Village and Rural Life : Lessons from
South East Asia”, in The Geographical Journal 160 (2) : 123-135.
Rigg, Jonathan. 2001. More Than the Soil : Rural Change in Southeast Asia.
Essex : Pearson Education.
Rigg, Jonathan. 2003. Southeast Asia, The human Landscape of Modernization
and Development. New York : Routledge.
Rigg, Jonathan and Peter Vandergeest. 2012. The Restudy “Problem” and Agrarian
Change : Revisiting Rural Places in Southeast Asia in Jonathan Rigg and Peter Vandergeest (eds.), Revisiting Rural Places : Pathways to Poverty
and Prosperity in Southeast Asia, pp. 1-24. Singapore : NUS Press.
Rigg, Jonathan and Sakunee Nattapoolwat. 2001. “Embracing the global in Thailand : activism pragmatism in an era of de-agrarianisation”, World Development 29 (6) : 945-960.
Rigg, Jonathan and Mark Ritchie. 2002. “Production, consumption and imagination
in rural Thailand”, Journal of Rural Studies 18 (4) : 359-371.
Scott, James. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant : Rebellion and Subsistence
in Southeast Asia. New Heaven : Yale University Press.
Sturgeon, Janet. 2007. Border landscapes : The politics of Akha land use in China and Thailand. Chiang Mai : Silkworm Book
.
Thongchai, Winichakul. 1994. Siam mapped : A History of the Geobody of
a Nation. Chiang Mai : Silkworm Book.
Turton, Andrew. 1978. The Current Situation in the Thai Countryside in Andrew
Turton, Jonathan Fast and Malcolm Caldwell (eds.), Thailand : Roots of Conflict, pp. 104-142. Nottingham : Spokesman.
Turton, Andrew. 1979. Local Powers and Rural Differentiation in Andrew Turton,
Gillian Hart and Benjamin White (eds.), Agrarian Transformation : Local Process and the State in Southeast Asia, pp. 53-69. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Vandergeest, Peter and Nancy Peluzo. 1995. “Territorialization and State Power
in Thailand”, Theory and Society 24 : 385-426.
UNDP. 2010. Human Development Report 2010. New York : Palgrave
and Macmillan.
Walker, Andrew. 1999. The Legend of the Golden Boat : Regulation, Trade and
Traders in the Borderlands of Laos, Thailand, China and Burma. Surrey :
Curzon Press.
Walker, Andrew. 2012. Political Peasants : Power in the Modern Rural Economy.
Wisconsin : University of Wisconsin Press.
World Bank. 2006. Labour Migration in the Greater Mekong Sub-region : Synthesis
Report : Phase I. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTHAILAND/Resources/
333200-1089943634036/475256-1151398858396/LM_in_GMSs_Nov06.pdf,
20 May 2013.
Yos Santasombat. 2008. Flexible Peasants : Reconceptualizing the Third World’s
Rural Types. Chiang Mai : RCSD
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Published
2019-02-11
How to Cite
รุ่งมณี สร้อยมาศ. 2019. “Multi-Sited Ethnography in the Study of Agrarian Transformation in Northeastern Thai-Lao Borderlands”. Social Sciences Academic Journal, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University 25 (1):199-232. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jss/article/view/171565.
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