A Systematic Literature Review of Cruise Tourism Comparing with National and International Research in 2015 – 2019 before COVID-19 Pandemic for Indicating Academic Gap of Future Research
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to summarize the themes of research studies conducted in the context of cruise tourism in the period of 2015-2019 prior to the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in the international research database (Web of Science – ISI SSCI) and compare research in the context of cruise tourism in Thailand with international research studies to identify academic gaps for future research by using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) synthesis process. The study results can be classified into the 5 main themes, which are as follows: 1) Customer Research, 2) Supply-Side Research, 3) Cruise Ships Research, 4) Overview Research, and 5) Employee Management Research. For research studies in Thailand, there is still a lack of study in the context of the overview in the cruise tourism development that uses the concept of both the supply and demand side in all dimensions to upgrade to a policy for further national development.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The articles published in the journals are the authors' opinions, not the opinion of the editorial team or administrative staff. The articles published is copyright of the Journal of Business Administration and Accounting, Khon Kaen University.
References
Ahn, J. (2019). Corporate social responsibility signaling, evaluation, identification, and revisit intention among cruise customers. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(11), 1634-1647.
Ahn, J. & Back, K.J. (2019). Cruise brand experience: Functional and wellness value creation in tourism business. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(5), 2205-2223.
Brida, J.G., Bukstein, D. & Tealde, E. (2015). Exploring cruise ship passenger spending patterns in two Uruguayan ports of call. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(7), 684-700.
Brida, J.G., Lanzilotta, B. Moreno, L. & Santinaque, F. (2018). A non-linear approximation to the distribution of total expenditure distribution of cruise tourists in Uruguay. Tourism Management, 69, 62-68.
Buzova, D., Sanz-Blas, S. & Cervera-Taulet, A. (2019). Tour me onshore: Understanding cruise tourists' evaluation of shore excursions through text mining. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 17(3), 356-373.
Cardenas-Garcia, P.J., Pulido-Fernandez, J.I. & Pulido-Fernandez, M. D. (2016). The influence of tourist satisfaction on tourism expenditure in emerging urban cultural destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(4), 497-512.
Cashman, D. (2017). The most atypical experience of my life: The experience of popular music festivals on cruise ships. Tourist Studies, 17(3), 245-262.
Castillo-Manzano, J.I., Castro-Nuno, M. & Lopez-Valpuesta, L. (2018). When Las Vegas takes to the sea: New trends in cruising. Tourism Economics, 24(1), 135-140.
Castillo-Manzano, J.I. & Lopez-Valpuesta, L. (2018). What does cruise passengers' satisfaction depend on? Does size really matter? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 75, 116-118.
Castillo-Manzano, J.I., Lopez-Valpuesta, L. & Alanis, F.J. (2015). Tourism managers' view of the economic impact of cruise traffic: the case of southern Spain. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(7), 701-705.
Chang, Y.T., Lee, S. & Park, H. (2017). Efficiency analysis of major cruise lines. Tourism Management, 58, 78-88.
Chaos, S.R., Roca, D.P., Marchan, S.S. & Conejo, A.S.A. (2018). Cruise passenger impacts on mobility within a port area: Case of the Port of Barcelona. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(2), 147-157.
Cheewatragoongit, A., Boonyasait, S. & Ngamvichaikit, A. (2018). Model development of cruise home port for cruise tourism extension in andaman tourism cluster of Thailand. Prague, Czech Republic: Proceedings of the 12th MAC.
Chen, C.A. (2016). How can Taiwan create a niche in Asia's cruise tourism industry? Tourism Management, 55, 173-183.
Chen, J. M. & Nijkamp, P. (2018). Itinerary planning: Modelling cruise lines' lengths of stay in ports. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 73, 55-63.
Chen, J.M., Petrick, J.F., Papathanassis, A. & Li, X.J. (2019). A meta-analysis of the direct economic impacts of cruise tourism on port communities. Tourism Management Perspectives, 31, 209-218.
Chen, J.M., Zhang, J.Z. & Nijkamp, P. (2016). A regional analysis of willingness-to-pay in Asian cruise markets. Tourism Economics, 22(4), 809-824.
Chen, J.S. & Wang, W. (2015). Foreign labours in Arctic destinations: seasonal workers' motivations and job skills. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(4), 350-360.
Cooper, D., Holmes, K., Pforr, C. & Shanka, T. (2019). Implications of generational change: European river cruises and the emerging Gen X market. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 25(4), 418-431.
Cusano, M.I., Ferrari, C. & Tei, A. (2017). Port hierarchy and concentration: Insights from the Mediterranean cruise market. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(2), 235-245.
Dai, T.C., Hein, C. & Zhang, T. (2019). Understanding how Amsterdam city tourism marketing addresses cruise tourists' motivations regarding culture. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 157-165.
Dawson, J., Stewart, E.J., Johnston, M.E. & Lemieux, C.J. (2016). Identifying and evaluating adaptation strategies for cruise tourism in Arctic Canada. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(10), 1425-1441.
De Cantis, S., Ferrante, M., Kahani, A. & Shoval, N. (2016). Cruise passengers' behavior at the destination: Investigation using GPS technology. Tourism Management, 52, 133-150.
De Grosbois, D. (2016). Corporate social responsibility reporting in the cruise tourism industry: a performance evaluation using a new institutional theory based model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(2), 245-269.
Del Chiappa, G. & Abbate, T. (2016). Island cruise tourism development: a resident's perspective in the context of Italy. Current Issues in Tourism, 19(13), 1372-1385.
Del Chiappa, G., Lorenzo-Romero, C. & Gallarza, M. (2018). Host community perceptions of cruise tourism in a homeport: A cluster analysis. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 7, 170-181.
Dowling, R.K. (2006). Cruise ship tourism. London: CAB International.
Duangphastra, C. (2002). The study to support tourism by ocean vessels in Thailand. Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University. (In Thai)
Esichaikul, R., Chansawang, R. & Choksuvanich, W. (2018). Problems and obstacles of developing cruise home port in Andaman tourism cluster. University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce Journal Humanities and Social Sciences, 38(4), 81-106. (In Thai)
European Commission. (2009). Tourist facilities in ports: The economic factor. Antwerp, Belgium: Policy Research Corporation.
Fernandez-Morales, A. & Cisneros-Martinez, J. D. (2019). Seasonal concentration decomposition of cruise tourism demand in Southern Europe. Journal of Travel Research, 58(8), 1389-1407.
Ferrante, M., De Cantis, S. & Shoval, N. (2018). A general framework for collecting and analysing the tracking data of cruise passengers at the destination. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(12), 1426-1451.
Font, X., Guix, M. & Bonilla-Priego, M. J. (2016). Corporate social responsibility in cruising: Using materiality analysis to create shared value. Tourism Management, 53, 175-186.
Gibson, P. (2006). Cruise operations management. Burlington: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Gossling, S., Scott, D. & Hall, C. M. (2015). Inter-market variability in CO2 emission-intensities in tourism: Implications for destination marketing and carbon management. Tourism Management, 46, 203-212.
Gouveia, S., Rebelo, J., Lourenco-Gomes, L. & Guedes, A. (2017). International demand for the Douro (Portugal) river cruises: A gravity model approach. Tourism Economics, 23(8), 1679-1686.
Guerra, M. & Dawson, S. M. (2016). Boat-based tourism and bottlenose dolphins in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand: The role of management in decreasing dolphin-boat interactions. Tourism Management, 57, 3-9.
Gutberlet, M. (2019). 'In a rush': Time-space compression and its impacts on cruise excursions. Tourist Studies, 19(4), 520-548.
Han, H. et al. (2019). Halal tourism: travel motivators and customer retention. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(9), 1012-1024.
Han, H. & Hyun, S.S. (2019). Cruise travel motivations and repeat cruising behaviour: Impact of relationship investment. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(7), 786-805.
Hillmer-Pegram, K. (2016). Integrating Indigenous values with capitalism through tourism: Alaskan experiences and outstanding issues. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8-9), 1194-1210.
Hung, K. (2018). Understanding the cruising experience of Chinese travelers through photo-interviewing technique and hierarchical experience model. Tourism Management, 69, 88-96.
Hung, K., Wang, S., Guillet, B.D., & Liu, Z.P. (2019). An overview of cruise tourism research through comparison of cruise studies published in English and Chinese. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 207-216.
Jacobsen, J.K.S., Iversen, N.M. & Hem, L.E. (2019). Hotspot crowding and over-tourism: Antecedents of destination attractiveness. Annals of Tourism Research, 76, 53-66.
Jang, D. & Mattila, A. S. (2005). An examination of restaurant loyalty programs: What kinds of rewards do customers prefer? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(5), 402-408.
Jirasek, I. & Hurych, E. (2019). Experience of long-term transoceanic sailing: Cape Horn example. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management, 28.
Jones, R.V. (2011). Motivations to Cruise An Itinerary and Cruise Experience Study. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 18(1), 30-40.
Jordan, E.J. (2015). Planning as a coping response to proposed tourism development. Journal of Travel Research, 54(3), 316-328.
Jordan, E.J., Vogt, C.A. & DeShon, R.P. (2015). A stress and coping framework for understanding resident responses to tourism development. Tourism Management, 48, 500-512.
Kang, J., Manthiou, A., Kim, I. & Hyun, S.S. (2016). Recollection of the sea cruise: The role of cuise photos and other passengers on the ship. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(9), 1286-1308.
Karlis, T. & Polemis, D. (2018). Cruise homeport competition in the Mediterranean. Tourism Management, 68, 168-176.
Kedkaew, P. (2018). Guidelines in developing cruise tourism management of Koh Samui district, Surat Thani province. Bangkok: National Institute of Development Administration. (In Thai)
Kizielewicz, J. (2012). Theoretical considerations on understanding of the phenomenon of maritime tourism in Poland and the world. Scientific Journals, 31(103), 108-116.
Koseoglu, M.A., Okumus, F., Putra, E.D., Yildiz, M. & Dogan, I.C. (2019). Conceptual structure of lodging-context studies: 1990-2016. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(4), 573-594.
Kotler, P., Bowen, J. & Makens, J. (2003). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
Lamers, M. & Pashkevich, A. (2018). Short-circuiting cruise tourism practices along the Russian Barents Sea coast? The case of Arkhangelsk. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(4), 440-454.
Lamers, M., van der Duim, R. & Spaargaren, G. (2017). The relevance of practice theories for tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 62, 54-63.
Larsen, S. & Wolff, K. (2016). Exploring assumptions about cruise tourists' visits to ports. Tourism Management Perspectives, 17, 44-49.
Lasso, A. & Dahles, H. (2018). Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and economic transformation on Komodo Island, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 473-485.
Le, T.H. & Arcodia, C. (2018). Risk perceptions on cruise ships among young people: Concepts, approaches and directions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 69, 102-112.
Lebrun, A.M. (2015). Representation of cruise: Cruisers and noncruisers cross views. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(5), 511-520.
Lee, M.K. & Yoo, S.H. (2015). Using a choice experiment (CE) to value the attributes of cruise tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(4), 416-427.
Lee, S. & Brezina, S. (2016). Cruise line efficiency: An analysis of seven cruise lines' operational efficiency. Tourism Economics, 22(5), 1075-1086.
Lemmetyinen, A., Dimitrovski, D., Nieminen, L. & Pohjola, T. (2016). Cruise destination brand awareness as a moderator in motivation-satisfaction relation. Tourism Review, 71(4), 245-258.
Lin, L.P., Yu, C.Y., & Chang, F.C. (2018). Determinants of CSER practices for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: From the perspectives of administrative managers in tour operators. Tourism Management, 64, 1-12.
Liu-Lastres, B., Schroeder, A. & Pennington-Gray, L. (2019). Cruise line customers' responses to risk and crisis communication messages: An application of the risk perception attitude framework. Journal of Travel Research, 58(5), 849-865.
Liu, B.J., Pennington-Gray, L. & Krieger, J. (2016). Tourism crisis management: Can the extended parallelpProcess model be used to understand crisis responses in the cruise industry? Tourism Management, 55, 310-321.
Liu, C.H. (2018). Schemes for enhancing Taiwanese cruise PAK relationships using the hybrid MADM model. Tourism Management, 69, 510-522.
Liu, M.X. (2006). Customer relationship management in Asia/Pacific cruise industry. England: University of Nottingham.
Losada, N. & Mota, G. (2019). 'Slow down, your movie is too fast': Slow tourism representations in the promotional videos of the Douro region (Northern Portugal). Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11, 140-149.
Lyu, J.Y., Hu, L., Hung, K. & Mao, Z.X. (2017). Assessing servicescape of cruise tourism: The perception of Chinese tourists. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(10), 2556-2572.
Ma, M.Z., Fan, H.M. & Zhang, E.Y. (2018). Cruise homeport location selection evaluation based on grey-cloud clustering model. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(3), 328-354.
MacNeill, T. & Wozniak, D. (2018). The economic, social, and environmental impacts of cruise tourism. Tourism Management, 66, 387-404.
Marcussen, C.H. (2017). Visualising the network of cruise destinations in the Baltic Sea - a multidimensional scaling approach. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 17(2), 208-222.
Marksel, M., Tominc, P. & Bozicnik, S. (2017). Cruise passengers' expenditures: The case of port of Koper. Tourism Economics, 23(4), 890-897.
Martin, J.C., Moreira, P. & Roman, C. (2019). A hybrid-fuzzy segmentation analysis of residents' perception towards tourism in Gran Canaria. Tourism Economics.
McFarlane-Morris, S. (2019). Come this close, but no closer!? Enclave tourism development and social change in Falmouth, Jamaica. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change.
Miles, S. (2019). Immersive narratives of 'self-work' in an experience society: understanding the cruise ship experience. Leisure Studies, 38(4), 523-534.
Monpanthong, P. (2017). Analytical factors on hybrid port management for cruise tourism. WMS Journal of Management, 6(3), 107-124. (In Thai)
Monpanthong, P. (2018a). Efficiency of cruise port management: a comparison of Phuket and Singapore. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 26(4). 2787-2808.
Monpanthong, P. (2018b). The study of urgent keystones for Thailand’s cruise tourism development. Bangkok: The Thailand Research Fund (TRF). (In Thai)
Monpanthong, P. & Choibamroong, T. (2016). Performance of Phuket's port of call management for cruise tourism: An assessment of IPA application. WMS Journal of Management, 4(1), 1-11. (In Thai)
Mulkunee, S. (2017). The guidelines for developing cruise port management of cruise tourism in Thailand: a case study of Laem Chabang port. Bangkok: National Institute of Development Administration. (In Thai)
Nelson, V. (2019). Liminality and difficult heritage in tourism. Tourism Geographies, 22(2), 298-318.
Niavis, S. & Tsiotas, D. (2018). Decomposing the price of the cruise product into tourism and transport attributes: Evidence from the Mediterranean market. Tourism Management, 67, 98-110.
Nuntatripob, N. (2018). Environmental dimension from the development of a large cruise port. Bangkok: Office of the Secretariat of the House of Representatives. (In Thai)
O'Brien, L. & Jones, C. (1995). Do rewards really create loyalty? Long range planning, 28(4), 130.
Ogawa, Y., Tanase, Y., Nagayama, J., Higuchi, Y. & Yoshida, S. (2009). Promotion of cruise tourism: Promoting the tourism industry in the future. Hanoi: Vietnam National University.
Ozturk, U.A. & Gogtas, H. (2016). Destination attributes, satisfaction, and the cruise visitor's intent to revisit and recommend. Tourism Geographies, 18(2), 194-212.
Paananen, K. & Minoia, P. (2019). Cruisers in the city of Helsinki: Staging the mobility of cruise passengers. Tourism Geographies, 21(5), 801-821.
Papathanassis, A. (2019). Current issues in cruise tourism: Deconstructing the 6th International Cruise Conference. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(14), 1711-1717.
Park, S., Ok, C. & Chae, B. (2016). Using Twitter data for cruise tourism marketing and research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 33(6), 885-898.
Penco, L., Profumo, G., Remondino, M. & Bruzzi, C. (2019). Critical events in the tourism industry: factors affecting the future intention to take a cruise. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(9), 3547-3566.
Perea-Medina, B., Rosa-Jimenez, C. & Andrade, M.J. (2019). Potential of public transport in regionalisation of main cruise destinations in Mediterranean. Tourism Management, 74, 382-391.
Pino, J.F.B. & Tovar, B. (2019). Explaining cruisers' shore expenditure through a latent class tobit model: Evidence from the Canary Islands. Tourism Economics, 25(7), 1105-1133.
Radic, A. (2019). Towards an understanding of a child's cruise experience. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(2), 237-252.
Reichheld, F.F., Robert, G. & Hopton, C. (2000). The loyalty effect-the relationship between loyalty and profits. European business journal, 12(3), 134.
Reichheld, F.F. & Sasser, W.E. (1990). Zero defeofions: Quoliiy comes to services. Harvard business review, 68(5), 105-111.
Rink, B. (2020). Liminality at-sea: cruises to nowhere and their metaworlds. Tourism Geographies, 22(2), 392-412.
Robles, L.T., Galvao, C.B., & Pereira, S.R. (2015). Cruise shipping in Brazil: An emergent or established market? Tourism Management Perspectives, 16, 298-305.
Rungroueng, T. (2015). Employee competencies in MICE Industry for increasing brand loyalty behavior of participant. Bangkok: National Institute of Development Administration. (In Thai)
Rungroueng, T. (2016). Guidelines for developing employees in MICE Industry based on conceptual framework of competencies. Bangkok: National Academic Conference, Kasetsart University. (In Thai)
Rungroueng, T. (2020). Research proposal of Thailand cruise tourism development policy. Bangkok: National Institute of Development Administration.
Rungroueng, T. & Monpanthong, P. (2021). Developing conceptual framework of Thailand cruise tourism development policy. Bangkok: PNational Research Council of Thailand (NRCT).
Rungroueng, T. & Suveatwatanakul, C. (2015a). Developing conceptual framework of guidelines for developing employee competencies in MICE industry for increasing brand loyalty behavior of participant. Phayao: Phayao Research National Academic Conference, Phayao University. (In Thai)
Rungroueng, T. & Suveatwatanakul, C. (2015b). MICE Industry employee competencies and loyalty of participant. Journal of International and Thai Tourism, 11(2), 116-147. (In Thai)
Sanz-Blas, S. & Buzova, D. (2016). Guided tour influence on cruise tourist experience in a port of call: An eWOM and questionnaire-based approach. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(6), 558-566.
Sanz-Blas, S., Buzova, D. & Carvajal-Trujillo, E. (2017). Investigating the moderating effect of information sources on cruise tourist behaviour in a port of call. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(2), 120-128.
Sanz-Blas, S., Buzova, D. & Carvajal-Trujillo, E. (2019). Familiarity and visit characteristics as determinants of tourists' experience at a cruise destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 30, 1-10.
Satta, G., Parola, F., Penco, L. & Persico, L. (2015). Word of mouth and satisfaction in cruise port destinations. Tourism Geographies, 17(1), 54-75.
Skrede, O. & Tveteraas, S. L. (2019). Cruise spillovers to hotels and restaurants. Tourism Economics, 25(8), 1286-1301.
Sorokina, E., Wang, Y.C. & Cobos, L.M. (2018). Towards constructing the meaning of "aggressive hospitality". Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(8), 1043-1057.
Stangl, B., Prayag, G. & Polster, L. (2019). Segmenting visitors' motivation, price perceptions, willingness to pay and price sensitivity in a collaborative destination marketing effort. Current Issues in Tourism.
Sun, X.D., Kwortnik, R. & Gauri, D.K. (2018). Exploring behavioral differences between new and repeat cruisers to a cruise brand. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 71, 132-140.
Tang, C.Z., Weaver, D., Shi, F.F., Huang, M.F. & Liu, Y. (2019). Constraints to domestic ocean cruise participation among higher income Chinese adults. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(4), 519-530.
Tao, S. & Kim, H.S. (2019). Cruising in Asia: what can we dig from online cruiser reviews to understand their experience and satisfaction. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(6), 514-528.
Thurau, B., Seekamp, E., Carver, A.D. & Lee, J.G. (2015). Should cruise ports market ecotourism? A comparative analysis of passenger spending expectations within the Panama Canal Watershed. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(1), 45-53.
Tiago, F., Couto, J., Faria, S. & Borges-Tiago, T. (2018). Cruise tourism: Social media content and network structures. Tourism Review, 73(4), 433-447.
Toh, R.S., Rivers, M.J. & Ling, T.W. (2005). Room occupancies: Cruise lines out-do the hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 24(1), 121-135.
UNWTO. (2012a). Asia Pacific newsletter issue 25. Madrid, Spain: UNWTO.
UNWTO. (2016). UNWTO Annual Report 2016. Madrid: UNWTO.
Van Bets, L.K.J., Lamers, M.A.J. & van Tatenhove, J.P.M. (2017). Collective self-governance in a marine community: Expedition cruise tourism at Svalbard. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(11), 1583-1599.
Vanolo, A. & Cattan, N. (2017). Selling cruises: Gender and mobility in promotional brochures. Tourist Studies, 17(4), 406-425.
Varki, S. & Colgate, M. (2001). The role of price perceptions in an integrated model of behavioral intentions. Journal of Service Research, 3(3), 232-240.
Vaya, E., Garcia, J.R., Murillo, J., Romani, J. & Surinach, J. (2018). Economic impact of cruise activity: the case of Barcelona. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(4), 479-492.
Walker, K. & Moscardo, G. (2016). Moving beyond sense of place to care of place: The role of indigenous values and interpretation in promoting transformative change in tourists' place images and personal values. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(8-9), 1243-1261.
Wall-Reinius, S., Ioannides, D. & Zampoukos, K. (2019). Does geography matter in all inclusive resort tourism? Marketing approaches of Scandinavian tour operators. Tourism Geographies, 21(5), 766-784.
Weaver, A. (2019). Selling bubbles at sea: Pleasurable enclosure or unwanted confinement? Tourism Geographies, 21(5), 785-800.
Weaver, D.B., & Lawton, L.J. (2017). The cruise shorescape as contested tourism space: Evidence from the warm-water pleasure periphery. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 117-125.
Whyte, L.J. (2017). Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivational factors in cruise tourism: A canonical correlation analysis. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(5), 557-568.
Whyte, L.J. (2018). Eliciting cruise destination attributes using repertory grid analysis. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 10, 172-180.
Willis, R. (2012). Development of the cruise industry from a global and Hong Kong perspectives and key characteristics of cruising. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Association of Travel Agents and International Travel Expo.
Yin, C. Y. & Poon, P. (2016). The impact of other group members on tourists' travel experiences A study of domestic package tours in China. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(3), 640-658.
Zhang, Z.Q., Ye, Q., Song, H.Y. & Liu, T. (2015). The structure of customer satisfaction with cruise-line services: An empirical investigation based on online word of mouth. Current Issues in Tourism, 18(5), 450-464.