The Development of Instruments for the Study of Needs Analysis towards Speaking Skills in the Fields of Hospitality

Abstract

   The study aims to create an instrument for the needs analysis research in speaking skills in the hospitality field. The topics of need analysis included conversational topics and sound systems. The instrument was developed through 10 participants interviews who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Two participants were cabin crews of international airlines, and the other two were English for Specific Purpose (ESP) teachers in the fields of hotels and airlines. Six participants were English major students who had internship experience in the field. The data from the participants were used to triangulate and develop the close-ended questionnaire to collect data from ESP learners in the field for the upcoming research project. The first draft of the questionnaire was developed through reviewing literature in the field tracking back in ten years. After the instrument was developed, three experts who are PhD university instructors with longer than five years of teaching experience in different fields, such as English phonology, English pragmatics, and assessment were instructed to validate the questionnaire. The questionnaire instrument collected the data from the participants. The data were analyzed and integrated with the data from the experts in the field of hospitality. After the data analysis process, eight themes were found, including cross-cultural communication, pragmatic strategies of apology, and pronunciation accuracy. The results of this study could be beneficial for internship students in the field as they could participate in different conversation topics effectively and use correct English pronunciation.