玄天上帝在《北游记》中的形象对信仰的影响研究
คำสำคัญ:
形象, 玄天上帝, 北游记, 信仰, 神仙บทคัดย่อ
《北游记》是著名书商余象斗出版的一部以玄天上帝为中心的神魔小说，记述了玄天上帝成神及收伏三十六员部属的过程。本文旨在梳理《北游记》中玄天上帝的形象特征，并探讨其神仙形象对现实信仰的潜在影响。研究方法是根据形象学理论和文本细读的方法总结其形象，再运用文化人类学理论分析出形象对信仰的影响。研究结论得出玄天上帝的形象是外貌清秀，披发留有胡须，脚踏腾蛇和八卦龟，手持三台七星剑，可以驾五道祥云。有恻隐之心、勇敢、责任意识强、乐于助人、不近女色、尊旨办事、尊重师父、善于借助外力、善于用人、力量大、思维缜密、战斗力强、善于变通，不重承诺、语言逻辑清晰，有礼貌。玉帝授予的头衔有金阙化身荡魔天尊、混元九天万法教主玉虚师相玄天上帝等。此外，《北游记》中玄天上帝的形象对现实中的玄天上帝信仰有正面的促进作用。玄天上帝的形象让读者相信玄天上帝能够帮助自己解决困难，驱逐鬼怪，免除天灾，还能够抵御外敌、保护家园等。同时，玄天上帝通过修炼得道成仙，也让更多的人信仰道教，效仿其成仙的行为，不断修炼自己。该研究不仅关注玄天上帝的神格特征，还探讨其形象如何影响现实信仰，进一步深化了文学形象与信仰关系的实践。有利于理解宗教文学的现实意义，理解道教的现实影响，推动道教文化的传承。该研究成果可为宗教艺术、影视、游戏等文化产业提供灵感，使玄天上帝的形象在现代文化中得到更广泛的传播和应用。
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